[Hearing disorders at the candidates of the National Gendarmerie's competition, Ivory Coast].

Objective: Detect the hearing deficiencies of the candi­da­tes of the gendarmerie's competition. Material and method: Pros­pec­tive study realized over 3 years (2008-2010), in the ENT service of the Gendarmerie to Agban (Abidjan). Examination included an otoscopy and a pure tone audiometry. Results: On 23121 candidates, 1245 had a plug of earwax (5.4%). They were aged from 18 to 25 years old (average age: 22.85 years). Eardrum was pathological in 0.5 % of the cases. Prevalence of hearing loss was 1.5%. Hearing loss included sensorineural hearing loss (56.7%), deafness of transmission (29.4%) and mixed deafness (13.9%). Deafness was unilateral in 79.8% and bilateral in 20.2%. Conclusion: Result of audio­gram will be useful for tracking or assessing cases of noise-induced hearing loss attributable to military service.

[Hearing aids at the International Center of Auditory rehabilitation in Abidjan: Prosthetics gains and satisfaction in patients].

Subject: To evaluate patients wearing hearing aid at the International Center of Auditory Correction in Abidjan. Method and material: It is a descriptif and transversal study from 07/01/99 to 06/30/10. We have included the files of patients completely filled. We have stu­died the indications, prosthetics gains and the satisfaction after hearing aid. Results: We have achieved 536 files. The ave­rage was 36 years. The indications have been in 76.1% cases of sensorineural hearing loss. The hearing loss has been associa­ted in 13.2% cases to language disorder. For all patient we have noticed bilateral hearing loss in 496 cases (92.5%). The behind the ear aids have been chosen in 69% cases. The type was analogical or digital respectively in 65% and 35% des cas. The prosthetic pure tonal gain was more than 30 dB in 66.8% cases and the prosthetic speech reception threshold gain more than 30 dB in 55.3% cases. The patients have been respectively satisfied less satisfacted, no satisfacted in 68.47%, 22.76% and 8.7% cases. Conclusion: The hearing aids have improved the audition in most of the indications. The proportion of patients satisfied was proportionally equivalent to the audiometric results.

[Epidemiology and treatment of sinus mucoceles: 25 cases in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Les mucoceles sinusiennes: etude epidemio-clinique et therapeutique de 25 cas colliges a Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of sinus mucoceles in Ivory Coast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter study conducted in the three services ENT (ear, nose & throat) hospital and university centers and clinics in Abidjan from 1996 to 2012 (16 years). It involved patients who have been diagnosed clinically and radiologically with a sinus mucocele who benefited from surgical treatment. RESULTS: During the study period, 25 patients were recruited - a hospital incidence of 1.5 cases per year. A female predominance was noted with 60% of women and 40% men with a sex ratio of 0.67. Patients consulted for headache (68%), facial swelling (68%), proptosis (28%). Allergic rhinitis is the antecedent rhinologic found most commonly (32%) followed by sinusitis (12%) and nasal sinus surgery (12%). The naso-sinus CT was performed in all patients diagnosed with mucocele. Surgical excision was made by several surgical approach, the most used were the way of JACQUES and paralateronasal rhinotomy of MOURE. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of sinus mucocele. The development was beset by complications such as eyelid swelling (1 case), blurred vision (1 case), unsightly surgical scar (1 case). CONCLUSION: The nasal sinus mucoceles are relatively rare benign lesions with pseudo-cystic insidious evolution. Diagnosis suspected by the clinic is confirmed by radiology. Their treatment is mainly surgical.

OBJECTIF: Déterminer les caractéristiques épidémio-cliniques et thérapeutiques des mucocèles sinusien-nes en Côte d'Ivoire. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Il s'est agit d'une étude multicentrique menée dans les services d'ORL des trois centres hospitaliers et universitaires et les polycliniques d'Abidjan de 1996 à 2012 (16 ans). Elle a concerné les patients chez qui il a été diagnostiqué cliniquement et radiologiquement une mucocèle sinusienne et qui ont bénéficié d'une prise en charge chirurgicale. RÉSULTATS: Pendant la période d'étude, 25 patients ont été recrutés soit une incidence hospitalière de 1.5 cas par an. Il y avait une prédominance féminine avec 60% de femme et 40% d'homme soit un sex ratio de 0.67. Les patients consultaient pour des céphalées (68%), des tuméfactions faciales (68%), une exophtalmie (28%). La rhinite allergique est l'antécédent rhinologique le plus retrouvé (32%) suivi des sinusites (12%) et de la chirurgie naso-sinusienne (12%). La tomodensitométrie naso-sinusienne réalisée chez tous nos patients, a posé le diagnostic de mucocèle dans 100% des cas. L'exérèse chirurgicale a été faite par plusieurs voie d'abord dont les plus utilisées étaient la voie de JACQUES et la rhinotomie paralatéronasale de MOURE. L'examen anatomopathologique des pièces opératoires a confirmé le diagnostic de mucocèle sinusienne. L'évolution a été émaillée de complications à type de tuméfaction palpébrale (1 cas), flou visuel (1 cas), cicatrice opératoire disgracieuse (1 cas). CONCLUSION: Les mucocèles naso-sinusiennes sont des lésions bénignes pseudo-kystiques relativement rares, d'évolution insidieuse. Leur diagnostic soupçonné par la clinique est confirmé par le bilan radiologique. Leur traitement est essentiellement chirurgical.

[Sinonasal inverted papilloma: our experiences of diagnostic and surgical care in Côte d'Ivoire]. / Papillome inversé naso-sinusien: notre expérience de la prise en charge diagnostique et chirurgicale en Côte d'Ivoire.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of the diagnostic and surgical care of sino-nasal inverted papilloma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study over 14 years (1996-2010) realised in the ENT departments in Côte d'Ivoire. Thirteen inverted papilloma confirmed and operated, after computed tomography, were included (7 men and 6 women, from 8 to 55 years old). RESULTS: The nasal obstruction was the main symptom. Twelve inverted papilloma correspond to Krouse stage T3, and 1 case T4. Surgical removal was performed by lateral rhinotomy (8 cases), Caldwell-Luc (4 cases) and De Lima (1 case). Squamous cell carcinoma was associated in 1 case. Recurrence with malignant transformation was observed in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Surgery by external approach allowed to obtaining satisfactory results. It stays of current events in our countries under equipped. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen must be compulsory.

[Tympanoplasty: Experience of the ENT department in Yopougon hospital (Ivory Cost)]. / La tympanoplastie: expérience du service ORL du CHU de Yopougon (Côte d'Ivoire).

PURPOSE: Perform an analysis of epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of tympanoplasty in Ivory Coast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retro and prospective study over 13 years conducted in the ENT department of Yopougon Teaching Hospital. Our study concerned 104 patients. RESULTS: The study population was dominated by young adults with an average age of 30.61 years. Chronic otitis media accounted for 80.76% of past medical history, a condition that was also the main indication (74.04%). Otoscopy pre- and intraoperative found essentially a non-marginal tympanic perforation (74.03%) and preoperative hearing assessment noted a conductive hearing loss in 72% of cases. The retroauricular surgical incision was performed in all patients. Surgical treatment consisted of a tympanoplasty type I in 76.3% of cases. The anatomical results were good in 81% of cases and functionally, 75% of our patients had interaural intensity difference of less than 20 decibels. CONCLUSION: The tympanoplasty performed in our hospital apparently gives results that are similar to those of western countries to the patients who got a post operative control.

[Submandibular dermoid cyst extended to the cervical region]. / Kyste dermoïde de la région submandibulaire étendu à la région cervicale.

INTRODUCTION: Dermoid cysts of the submandibular region are rare. We report an exceptional case with extension to the neck. OBSERVATION: The patient presented with a voluminous left submandibular cystic tumor with extension to the neck and to floor of the mouth. Ultrasonography and CT scan contributed to the diagnosis and to chose the best surgical approach in case of large cyst. In our case, the tumor was removed using a double cervical and intraoral approach. Histopathological examination confirmed a dermoid cyst. DISCUSSION: We report an exceptional case of dermoid cyst originating from submandibular region. A double surgical approach was necessary for tumor resection. Tumor removal must be complete; the submandibular gland may be removed if necessary.

[A specific plain X-ray in the diagnosis of elongated styloid apophysis in the Ivory Cost]. / Intérêt du profil oblique menton dégagé dans le diagnostic des apophyses styloïdes allongées en Côte d'Ivoire.

OBJECTIVES: To appreciate the value of a simple radiographic incidence and its effectiveness for the search and the measurement of elongated styloid apophysis (ESA) and to recommend it in the routine search of ESA in practice. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This prospective study was realized over a period of 3 years. It involved the study of ESA from conventional radiographic imaging; the face low incidence in comparison with an experimental incidence, the oblique profile chin lift (OPCL). 101 patients presenting with stylalgia were investigated. RESULTS: Out of the 101 patients, the low face cliché found 49 ESA having an average length of 5 cm. The OPCL allowed to identify 63 ESA, 54 of which were bilateral and 9 unilateral. It also helped identify other associated abnormalities: otitis media (5 cases), dental pathologies (4 cases), dental condensing osteitis (2 cases). The comparative analysis demonstrated a better efficiency of the OPCL in comparison to the standard incidence: the LOW FACE (Roc curve). The OPCL allowed the exposure in one incidence the styloid process and to better appreciate the lower and superior borders of the styloid process giving a better estimate of its measurements. CONCLUSION: It appears from this study that the experimental incidence, the OPCL presents a real interest in the investigation of the ESA but also in the study of the soft tissues of the pharynx, the cervical spine, and the temporo-mastoid region. It also allows the detection of other.

[A case of nasal foreign bodies by tooth migration]. / Un cas de corps étranger des fosses nasales par migration dentaire.

Foreign bodies are a frequent reason for ENT consultation especially in children. Although the nature of the foreign body can be variable, the discovery of a tooth in a nasal cavity is a rare occurrence. The authors report a case of foreign body inside the nasal cavity caused by tooth migration and discuss its pathologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Retrospective study of the rhinoscleroma about 14 cases in ENT departments of university hospitals (Côte d'Ivoire).

PURPOSE OF STUDY: To report the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of rhinoscleroma in ENT departments of university hospitals (Côte d'Ivoire). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of rhinoscleroma conducted in the ENT and head and neck surgery departments in Côte d'Ivoire from January 1980 to December 2008 including the cases of confirmed rhinoscleroma and the treated cases. RESULTS: Fourteen cases of rhinoscleroma were found in 28 years. The early manifestations were not specific enough so the patients were seen with clinical status with obvious disorders or physical discomfort. Treatment was medical and surgical. Medical therapy was based on streptomycin, thiopenicol or ciprofloxacin administration. Surgery consisted in removing the fibrous adhesions to correct the functional and aesthetic disorders. CONCLUSION: Rhinoscleroma has become a more and more rare disease because of the sensitivity to the new molecules. Diagnosis can be difficult and delayed because of its clinical polymorphism.

[Extraction of the esophageal foreign bodies by cervicotomy: our experience about 9 cases]. / Extraction de corps étrangers oesophagiens par voie de cervicotomie: à propos de 9 cas.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of the extraction of the esophageal foreign bodies by cervicotomy route. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive retrospective study from 2006 to 2010 realized in the ENT Departments of Yopougon and Treichville's Teaching Hospital. RESULTS: 9 (3.3%) of 270 patients underwent surgery to remove esophageal foreign bodies. The average age of the patients was of 14.6 years (extremes: 8 months and 49 years). The foreign bodies were fish bone, hook of clothes peg, medallion, denture and weld. Cervicotomy was performed at once in 4 cases and after failure of esophagoscopy in 5 cases. There were 2 complications (pharyngostoma and suppuration of the operating site). CONCLUSION: The cervicotomy must be quickly performed in case of perforation with or without neck abscess, sharp or voluminous bodies.

[Ectopic thyroid: a report of a case and review of the literature]. / Ectopie thyroïdienne: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Ectopic thyroid is the presence of thyroid tissue outside its normal cervical seat. It results from abnormal embryological development. We report the case of an ectopic lingual thyroid found during maneuvers of intubation in a patient of 56 years old. The examination found a rhonchopathy with sleep apnea syndrome and sleep in a sitting position. Endoscopy showed a posterior lingual tumour. The cervical echography showed an absent thyroid in the normal place. Scintigraphy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic lingual thyroid position. The treatment consisted of surgical excision by cervical route after a safety tracheotomy.