Formation of Alcohol Motivation in Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Kept in Isolation.

The effects of environmental factors (flavors, different ethanol concentration, alcoholic deprivation, and food reinforcement) on the formation of alcohol motivation was studied in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n=6). Motivation for alcohol intake was induced in two stages: initiation (sessions 1-160) and formation of motivation (sessions 161-516). Monkeys preferred multifruit flavor and 4% ethanol solution, while ethanol deprivation did not stimulate alcohol consumption. The pronounced individual differences in the pattern of alcohol motivation were revealed: the intake of 4% ethanol solution ranged from 0.21±0.03 to 0.43±0.06 g/kg without food reinforcement and increased from 0.78±0.03 to 1.22±0.09 g/kg with food reinforcement. The results suggest that the proposed method is valid and can be used as an experimental model of alcohol dependence in non-human primates.

[Epidemiology of stroke in the Russian Federation: results of territory's population registry (2009-2010)].

An epidemiological study of stroke based on a territory's population registry, which is, according to WHO recommendations, a scientific basis of treatment organization and medical-social rehabilitation of stroke patients as well as stroke prevention, has been launched in the Russian Federation in 2009. Duration of the project is 5 years. Main epidemiological indices of stroke (morbidity, mortality and lethality) for 2009-2010 are presented. Morbidity of stroke was 3.52 and 3.27 cases per 1000 population in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Mortality was 1.19 and 0.96 per 1000. Significant differences in morbidity, mortality and lethality between different regions of the country were identified. The maximal morbidity was recorded in Chistopol (Tartar Republic) - 6.14 per 1000 and the minimal one in the Altai krai (1.39 per 1000). The decrease in the number of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in 2009 was noted. The ratio of ischemic strokes to HS was 5:1 compared to 3.5:1 in the registry of 2001-2003. Neuroimaging methods (computed tomography and magnetic-resonance tomography) were used for differential diagnosis of stroke character in 63.1% of cases in 2009 and in 74.2% in 2010. There was 91.1% of stroke patients who received treatment in a hospital in 2010.

[The functional activity of the urethral neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with chronic urethroprostatitis and its correction]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' uretral'nykh neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov u bol'nykh khronicheskim uretroprostatitom i ee korrektsiia.

The functional state of urethral neutrophil granulocytes in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis, and possibility of miramistin use in complex treatment of the disease were investigated. The data revealed functional suppression of these granulocytes in the patients. Complex treatment with miramistin normalized indices of urethral phagocytic activity, on the contrary, after treatment of the patients without the agent there was no tendency to normalize urethral phagocytic function. The findings suggest that miramistin supplemented to routine antiinflammatory therapy improves curative results in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis but the drug should be prescribed in accordance with the initial function of urethral neutrophil granulocytes.

[The effect of miramistin on the phagocytic activity of the urethral neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with chronic urethroprostatitis]. / Vliianie miramistina na fagotsitarnuiu aktivnost' uretral'nykh neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov u bol'nykh khronicheskim uretroprostatitom.

It was found that addition of mirastimin to the traditional anti-inflammatory treatment results in stimulation of the absorptive capacity of the urethral phagocytes and improves the results of treatment of patients with chronic urethroprostatitis. The immunomodulator mirastimin should be given with consideration of the initial functional state of urethral neutrophilic granulocytes.

[The effect of miramistin on the phagocytic activity of urethral neutrophil granulocytes]. / Vliianie miramistina na fagotsitarnuiu aktivnost' uretral'nykh neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov.

Secondary immunodeficiency, one of whose manifestations is depressed phagocytic activity of urethral neutrophilic granulocytes, develops in patients with chronic urethroprostatitis. Miramistin exerts a dose-dependent stimulating effect on the urethral neutrophilic granulocytes; the maximum stimulating effect is observed when phagocytes are treated with 0.001% solution of the drug.

[Visual fatigue as an occupational pathology problem in ophthalmology]. / Zritel'noe utomlenie kak profpatologicheskaia problema v oftal'mologii.

A study of incidence and peculiarities of visual fatigue in workers of visually strained, in particular, precision labour (about two thousand subjects) has shown a connection between visual fatigue and the character and conditions of work. This allows to consider visual fatigue from positions of professional pathology. The attention is drawn to necessity to consider results of scientific researches in the field of industrial ophthalmology, ophthalmological ergonomics and professional pathology of the eye as well as in their further active development.

[The ophthalmic ergonomic characteristics of the visual apparatus of workers engaged in the assembly of computer memory elements on ferrites]. / Oftal'moérgonomicheskaia kharakteristika zritel'nogo apparata rabochikh, zaniatykh na montazhe élementov pamiati EVM na ferritakh.

The paper analyses results of complex ophthalmic ergonomic examinations in 135 women occupied in assembling computer memory elements on ferrites--a work of the highest accuracy degree. It was found that in 2/3 of all the subjects, myopia was connected with the work in the shop. In almost 50% of cases, the work leads to complaints of asthenopic character. It is proved that in this kind of work asthenopia is connected with the weakening of the accommodation system of the eye.