RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, nevirapine (NVP)-associated hepatotoxicity and rash in HIV-infected Thai men and women, including pregnant women, receiving NVP-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: NVP-containing HAART was prescribed to eligible men and women enrolled in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and MTCT-Plus programmes. All pregnant women received zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC)/NVP from >14 weeks of gestational age if their CD4 cell count was
Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Nevirapina/efeitos adversos , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare cycle control, efficacy and side effects of an oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinylestradiol and 75 microg gestodene, with a reference preparation containing 30 microg ethinylestradiol combined with 75 microg gestodene. From the study, it was demonstrated that the two regimens had no difference in cycle control, efficacy, and side effects. The occurrence of spotting and breakthrough bleeding was low and was not different between these two preparations. The most common adverse events in both treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and chloasma. There were no statistically significant change in body weight and blood pressure in both groups at the end of study. It is concluded that both preparations are good cycle control, reliable and low side effects oral contraceptives.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Orais/efeitos adversos , Etinilestradiol/administração & dosagem , Ciclo Menstrual/efeitos dos fármacos , Norpregnenos/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Tontura/induzido quimicamente , Etinilestradiol/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Melanose/induzido quimicamente , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Norpregnenos/efeitos adversos , Tailândia , Hemorragia Uterina , Vômito/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Normal postpartum women, who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery of one full-term male infant, free of congenital abnormalities and other diseases, were recruited for this study. Thirteen women received 150 mg depot-medroxy-progesterone acetate (DMPA), intramuscularly on days 42 + 1 and 126 + 1 postpartum. Infants of nine mothers, who did not receive DMPA, served as controls. Blood samples were collected from treated mothers on days 44, 47, 74, 124, 128, and 130 postpartum for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) measurements. Four-hour urine collections were obtained from all 22 infants in the morning on days 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 53, 60, 67, 74, 88, 102, 116, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, and 137. Urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), unconjugated testosterone, and unconjugated cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay, and serum MPA and urinary MPA metabolites were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No MPA metabolites could be detected in the urine of the infants from the DMPA-receiving mothers. Hormonal profiles in the urine samples were not suppressed in comparison with those of the control infants. The present study demonstrates that DMPA, administered to the mother, does not influence the hormonal regulation of the breast-fed normal male infant.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/farmacologia , Lactação/metabolismo , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Congêneres da Progesterona/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/análise , Creatinina/metabolismo , Creatinina/urina , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/urina , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/urina , Recém-Nascido , Injeções Intramusculares , Lactação/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Hormônio Luteinizante/urina , Masculino , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/administração & dosagem , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/análise , Período Pós-Parto , Congêneres da Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Congêneres da Progesterona/análise , Testosterona/metabolismo , Testosterona/urinaRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was designed to determine trabecular bone density in 75 long-term depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users (> 3 yr) matched with non-DMPA users by age, body mass index (18-25), limitation of age (< 45 yr), and body weight (< 60 kg). The long-term DMPA cases were divided into 3 groups according to duration of injectable contraceptive use. Neither cases nor controls had a smoking or chronic alcohol consumption history. Cases and controls were matched by age. Trabecular bone of the femoral neck were assessed by X-ray and interpreted by a single-blinded radiologist. Trabecular bone patterns were graded according to Singh's Index. Blood collection for determination of estradiol, prolactin, calcium, phosphorus, and medroxyprogesterone acetate were performed in cases and controls. Venous blood was taken at twelfth week of injection of DMPA and within 5 days after menstrual bleeding cessation in the controls. Mean trabecular bone in the cases was 5.5 +/- 0.6 (range 4-6). It was not statistically different from that in the controls (mean 5.5 +/- 0.6, range 2-6). No statistically significant difference of serum, calcium, phosphorus, prolactin, and estradiol was seen in the cases when compared to controls at mid follicular phase of normal menstrual cycle. Serum MPA of individual case at twelfth week of injection was 4.1 +/- 1.1 nmol/l. In conclusion, trabecular bone density in long-term DMPA users were not statistically different from normal menstruating women who have not received injectable DMPA.
PIP: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine trabecular bone density in 75 long-term depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users ( 3 years) matched with non-DMPA users by age, body mass index (18-25), limitation of age ( 45 years), and body weight ( 60 kg). The DMPA cases were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 contained women who had used injectable contraceptives for 3-5 years; group 2 comprised women who had used DMPA for 6-7 years; and group 3 consisted of women who had used injectables for more than 7 years. Volunteers received 150 mg (3 ml) of DMPA every 12 weeks. Neither cases nor controls had a smoking or chronic alcohol consumption history. Cases and controls were matched by age. Trabecular bones of the femoral neck were assessed by X-ray and interpreted by a single-blinded radiologist. Trabecular bone patterns were graded according to Singh's Index. Determination of estradiol, prolactin, calcium, phosphorus, and DMPA in blood was performed in cases and controls. Venous blood was taken at the 12th week of injection of DMPA and within 5 days after menstrual bleeding cessation in controls. The mean serum level for calcium ranged from 9.3 to 10.1 mg% and 3.2 to 3.5 mg% for phosphorus. The mean serum level for estradiol in the 3 DMPA user groups ranged from 122.9 pmol/l to 167.7 pmol/l compared to 141.9 pmol/l to 195 pmol/l in controls. Mean trabecular bone in Group 3 of cases (n = 25) was 5.5 +or- 0.6. It was not statistically different from that in the controls (n = 49) (mean 5.5 +or- 0.6). There were no statistically significant differences in serum calcium, phosphorus, prolactin, and estradiol levels in cases compared to controls at the mid-follicular phase of normal menstrual cycle. Individual serum MPA at the 12th week of injection was 4.1 +or- 1.1 nmol/l. Trabecular bone density in long-term DMPA users was not statistically different from normal menstruating women who had not received injectable DMPA.