A bibliometric survey of research trends in vitrimer.

The recent trends of vitrimer studies enhance the thermoset material with superior properties, therefore, it is particularly important to address the critical scientific inquiries in this area using their research metrics. The reported vitrimer systems have been highly required for future real-time applications; however, the inquisitiveness of material exchange mechanisms extends the research studies further. Significantly, more scientific information's are required to achieve the evident prospective outcomes via these materials. This article highlights the trends and developments of the most relevant publications, authors, articles, countries, and keywords in the vitrimer research field over the past 10 years. The represented bibliometric survey would elevate the basic understanding of the current vitrimer research stats and also help follow the particular research community to learn and develop insight. To generate bibliometric networks, bibliometric data has obtained from Scopus and visualised in VOS-viewer; as an overview of that, the highest number of publications were from China, United States, France, United Kingdom, and Spain.

Bio-Vitrimers for Sustainable Circular Bio-Economy.

The aim to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG) and cut CO2-emission is forcing researchers to develop bio-based materials over conventional polymers. Since most of the established bio-based polymeric materials demonstrate prominent sustainability, however, performance, cost, and durability limit their utilization in real-time applications. Additionally, a sustainable circular bioeconomy (CE) ensures SDGs deliver material production, where it ceases the linear approach from production to waste. Simultaneously, sustainable circular bio-economy promoted materials should exhibit the prominent properties to involve and substitute conventional materials. These interceptions can be resolved through state-of-the-art bio-vitrimeric materials that display durability/mechanical properties such as thermosets and processability/malleability such as thermoplastics. This article emphasizes the current need for vitrimers based on bio-derived chemicals; as well as to summarize the developed bio-based vitrimers (including reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties) and their requirements for a sustainable circular economy in future prospects.

COVID 19 in INDIA: Strategies to combat from combination threat of life and livelihood.

INDIA- As for reported in 360 COVID-19 cases (till March 22, 2020), seven people were died, and 23 people were treated successfully.1 This virus can easily affect who having respiratory problem and especially who all have been aged older than sixty. Most of the affected peoples had reached India from different part of the world, as like of carrier. Owing to this, India made several precautionary measures to mitigate/neglect the disease in beginning stage, however, the denser population of country will not be simple to control the same for long time (community spread), if government will not incorporate the visionary strategies. Since attacked several nations have been worried mostly for their people life (health), despite that developing country like India with huge population should consider about the livelihood (for Below Poverty Line (BPL) people), equally with the life. This article will give insights to make effective strategy to culminate the world threat COVID-19 in India.

Disulfide exchange assisted self-healing epoxy/PDMS/graphene oxide nanocomposites.

Vitrimers, a class of polymeric networks that change their topology above a threshold temperature, have been investigated in recent years. In order to further extend their properties, in this research, we demonstrate disulfide exchange assisted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)- and graphene oxide (GO)-involved epoxy vitrimers, which exhibit a reduction in glass transition temperature and storage modulus with increase in flexural strain and low-temperature self-healing. Stress relaxation and Arrhenius study were carried out for the analysis of vitrimeric behavior, where the prepared epoxy material displays self-healing at 80 °C for 5 min, whereas a low-temperature self-healing (60 °C) was observed for epoxy/PDMS/GO nanocomposites.

Analytical management of SCR catalyst lifetimes and multipollutant performance.

UNLABELLED: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are deactivated by several mineral and metallic trace elements at highly variable rates determined by fuel quality and furnace firing conditions. With a loss in activity, NO is reduced over a longer inlet length of the SCR monolith, which leaves a shorter trailing section to sustain the most favorable conditions to oxidize Hg(0) and SO2. Since virtually no operating SCR was designed for Hg oxidation and since different monoliths are routinely combined as layers in particular units, the Hg oxidation performance of any SCR fleet is largely unmanaged. The analysis in this paper directly relates a measurement or manufacturer's forecast on the deterioration in NO reduction with age to corresponding estimates for oxidation of Hg(0). It accommodates any number of catalyst layers with grossly different properties, including materials from different manufacturers and different ages. In this paper, the analysis is applied to 16 full-scale SCRs in the Southern Company fleet to demonstrate that catalyst deactivation disrupts even the most prominent connections among the Hg(0) oxidation performance of commercial SCRs and the behavior of fresh catalysts at lab, pilot, and even full scale. IMPLICATIONS: Catalyst deactivation confounds even the most prominent connections among the Hg(0) oxidation performance of commercial SCRs and the behavior of fresh catalyst at lab, pilot, and even full scale. The halogen dependence has been emphasized throughout the literature on catalytic Hg(0) oxidation, based on a large database on fresh catalysts. But for deactivated catalysts in commercial SCRs, the number of layers is much more indicative of the Hg(0) oxidation performance, in that SCRs with four layers perform better than those with three layers, and so on. The new qualified conclusion is that Hg(0) oxidation is greater for progressively greater HCl concentrations only among SCRs with the same number of layers, even for an assortment of catalyst design specifications and operating conditions.

Understanding mercury transformations in coal-fired power plants: evaluation of homogeneous Hg oxidation mechanisms.

Homogeneous mercury oxidation mechanisms described by Niksa and Qiu, and three theoretical mercury oxidation reaction rate constants developed by Wilcox were evaluated for their predictions of the extent of mercury oxidation under coal combustion conditions. Predictions were compared to results from bench-scale experiments to determine whether such models were suitable for predicting measured levels of homogeneous mercury oxidation. Experiments considered different flue gas compositions (O2, Cl, NO, and SO2) and quench rates to provide a broad range of conditions for analysis. Regardless of the mechanism chosen, most mercury oxidation was predicted to occur at temperatures below 900 K. The Niksa mechanism predicted Hg oxidation to occur only in systems that were close to isothermal at temperatures above 900 K followed by a rapid gas quench. This mechanism provided the best agreement with the experimental data of Sliger. The Qiu mechanism predicted Hg oxidation in several experimental systems and conditions fairly accurately although it did not provide the best agreement in all cases. Qiu mechanism predictions for the experimental system at the University of Connecticut operating at an equivalence ratio of 0.9 in the presence of HCl/Cl2 and also SO2 were within the bounds of experimental uncertainty. Additionally, for an experimental dataset obtained from the University of Utah for quench rates of 210 and 440 K/s in the presence of HCI, the Qiu model predicted the experimental observations with a high degree of accuracy. The effects of flue gas composition and quench on Hg oxidation are qualitatively represented by the Qiu mechanism suggesting a relative robustness of the model, although there is still need to refine rate constants to achieve greater accuracy. The Wilcox rate constants when substituted in the Qiu mechanism predicted near-complete oxidation of Hg irrespective of HCl concentrations in systems that involve flue gas quench below temperatures of 450 K.