[Prospects of using miramistin for individual prevention of sexual HIV transmission].

For more than 20 years cationic surfactant Miramistin has been used in Russia and Ukraine as an antiseptic mean for individual prophylaxis of venereal diseases and for the treatment of genitourinary tract and other systems infections. Complete inhibition of HIV-1 activity in vitro by Miramistin in concentrations higher than 0.0075%, has been demonstrated, that allows to consider this detergent as a potent first-generation vaginal microbicide for the prevention of HIV transmission. Higher anti-HIV effect of Miramistin than of nonoxynol-9 and low local toxicity show good prospects of using Miramistin for individual prevention of HIV transmission.

[Optimization of prevention of postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications in patients, operated on for diseases of the abdominal cavity organs].

There were examined 59 patients with diseases of the abdominal cavity organs, in whom high risk of postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications was established. There were conducted 652 different sowing on various stages of operative intervention conduction to study up the operative field and the blood microflora. There was established, that in microbal scenery in the patients of the risk group the mixed bacterial-fungal infection prevails. Complex of prophylactic measures, which approves the reduction of the purulent-inflammatory complications occurrence, was proposed.

[Antimicrobial activity of saponins from Hedera taurica C a r r]. / Izuchenyie antimikrobnoi aktivnosti saponinov iz pliushcha krymskogo (Hedera taurica C a r r.).

The antibacterial and antifungal action of saponins Sx1, taurozide H2, taurozide I and their effect on bioluminescent system of photobacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn) Ford were investigated. Saponins H2 and I had no antimicrobial effect. Saponin Sx1 possessed antifungal activity in vitro with respect to Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis. Saponin Sx1 is less toxic to P. phosphoreum than well-known antiseptics--chlorhexedin and miramistin.

[Use of the expression coefficient to evaluate the effect of various substances on HIV-1 in vitro]. / Ispol'zovanie koéffitsienta ékspressii dlia otsenki vliianiia razlichnykh veshchestv na VICh-1 in vitro.

The effect of some saponins (taurosides) and muramyl peptides (MDP and cholesteryl-MDP) on HIV-1 reproduction in Jurkat-tat T cells was studied by the coefficient of the virus expression CE. CE was calculated as ratio of concentration of HIV p24 to the amount of viable cells. Various substances caused diverse effects on HIV-1 propagation (taurosid I and cholesteryl-MDP possessed potent antiviral and HIV-stimulating properties respectively). The effectiveness of the CE usage for detection of HIV-modulating characteristics of various substances was discussed.

[Surfactants as agents for the individual prevention of HIV/AIDS]. / Surfaktanty kak sredstva individual'noi profilaktiki VICh/SPIDa.

Nowadays it is of great importance to develop effective prevention strategies to combat further spread of the AIDS epidemic via sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. These measures include public information on the disease, widespread condom promotion and prevention of HIV infection by locally applied chemicals. The latter are antiviral and virucidal agents. Most of the compounds classified as virucidal are surfactants in fact. This report considers properties, status and potential role of detergents including a new Ukrainian antiseptic myramistin for prevention of HIV infections.

[Use of muramyl peptides in viral vaccines]. / Ispol'zovanie muramilpeptidov v virusnykh vaktsinakh.

Discusses the selective activation of HIV replication under the effect of various muramylpeptides with immunostimulating effect. Emphasizes the significance of selecting adjuvants inducing no HIV activation, particularly in cases when the vaccines are intended for seropositive subjects.

[Synthesis and biological activity of anomeric muramoyldipeptide butylglycosides]. / Sintez i biologicheskaia aktivnost anomernykh butilglikozidov muramoildipeptida.

The synthesis of anomeric butyl glycosides of muramyl dipeptide was reported. alpha-Butyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was 4,6-O-benzylidenated and the benzylidene derivative was 3-O-alkylated by the Williamson reaction with sodium (S)-2-chloropropionate. The resulting protected alpha-butyl glycoside of muramic acid was then condensed with L-Ala-D-iGln-OBzl by the DCC-HOSu method. Mild acidic hydrolysis and subsequent catalytic hydrogenolysis of the resulting glycopeptide yielded the target alpha-butyl glycoside of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. In the synthesis of beta-butyl glycoside of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, 2-acetamido- 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-alpha- D-glucopyranose, a 1-OH derivative of muramic acid, was the key compound. Its interaction with the excess thionyl chloride resulted in the corresponding glycosyl halide, which was condensed with n-butanol according to Helferich. O-Deacetylation, 4,6-isopropylidenation, and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the resulting compound gave the protected beta-butyl glycoside of muramic acid. Its activation and condensation with L-Ala-D-iGln-OBzl and the subsequent removal of protective groups were performed in the same manner as the reactions in the synthesis of alpha-butyl glycoside of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. The adjuvant activity of the butyl glycosides to HIV proteins rgp160 and rgp120 and their ability to affect in vitro HIV replication and the proliferation of mouse spleen T-cells were examined. The biological activity of anomeric muramyl dipeptides was shown to depend essentially on the configuration of their anomeric center.

[Dose-dependent inactivation of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus by miramistin]. / Dozozavisimaia inaktivatsiia miramistinom vnekletochnogo virusa immunodefitsita cheloveka.

The effects of a cation detergent myramistin on free infectious HIV-1 LAI strain are studied. HIV-containing culture fluid was incubated with myramistin, after which Jurkat-tat T-cells were infected with this fluid in various dilutions. The number of viable cells was counted and production of HIV p24 assessed on days 3, 7, 11, and 14 of experiment. Myramistin in a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml prevented the replication of HIV-1 in indicator cells. Addition of 0.50 microgram/ml of myramistin to culture fluid led to 1000-fold drop of virus infectivity. These results are in line with previous reports about dose-dependent inhibition of cell-associated HIV with the above detergent.

[Effect of saponins from Hedera taurica Carr. and modified muramylpeptides on replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro]. / Vliianie saponinov iz Hedera taurica Carr. i modifitsirovannykh muramilpeptidov na reproduktsiiu virusa immunodefitsita cheloveka in vitro.

The effects of muramyldipeptide (MDP), several new MDP derivatives, and saponins derived from Hedera taurica Carr, on the in vitro replication of HIV-1 were studied. The coefficient of alteration of the rate of HIV replication was used to compare these reagents' effects on virus replication in Jurkat-tat cells. This coefficient was calculated as the ratio of concentrations of HIV p24 in supernatants to the amount of viable cells. Muramylpeptides boosted HIV replication. Only one modified muramylpeptide alpha-butyl-MDP and tauroside H2 were not capable of boosting HIV-1 antigen production.

[Surface-active substances in the arsenal of agents against AIDS]. / Poverkhnostno-aktivnye veshchestva v arsenale sredstv bor'by so SPIDom.

Only nucleoside analogues such as zidovudine have been widely used to improve the clinical state of patients with AIDS till now. Their use has a number of eliminations. Nevertheless, the anti-HIV properties of many different substances have been shown. Some of them contain hydrophobic and polar parts of molecules and can be considered as surfactants. Detergents (DT) (among them Ukrainian preparation Myramistin), modified phospholipids, polyene antibiotics (such as Nystatin A), lipophilic muramyl peptides (LMP), saponins (S) and some other surfactants have been described as inhibitors of HIV replication. Moreover, LMP and S are the potent adjuvants and are probable candidates for vaccines against HIV. Adjuvant activities of some DT have been shown recently as well. We hope that elaboration of new adjuvants with strong anti-HIV properties is an attractive and manageable aim.

[The use of the immunoperoxidase test with monoclonal antibodies for detecting influenza A viruses]. / Ispol'zovanie immunoperoksidaznogo testa s monoklonal'nymi antitelami dlia vyiavleniia virusov grippa A.

The immunoperoxidase test was used to detect influenza virus in cells of a chorionallanthois shell of infected chicken embryos. Application of monoclonal antibodies D8 and A11 in the analysis has permitted detecting reproduction of type A (subtypes H1N1, H2N2, H3N2) viruses, the PGA titre of the respective allantois liquids being not lower than 1:16. The matrix protein and hemagglutinin, detection of which underlies this analysis, were found on the cell membrane, in the perinucleus region and as cytoplasmic inclusions.

[The effect of fetal calf serum on the anti-HIV properties of miramistin]. / Vliianie émbrional'noi syvorotki korov na anti-VICh-svoistva miramistina.

The anti-HIV activity of an antiseptic miramistin in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) was studied. It has been recently shown that cation detergent miramistin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml prevented HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells when these cells were cocultivated with MT-4 cells previously infected and treated with the detergent in a protein-free medium. Under such conditions 50 micrograms of miramistin per ml delayed HIV propagation in MT-4 cells by 14 days. Detergent-dependent arrest of HIV development was abolished by addition of FCS at a final concentration of 50%. Miramistin in a dose of 100 micrograms/ml prevents HIV-1 replication in Jurkat-tat cells when they are cocultivated with the cells of the same line previously infected and treated by the detergent in the presence of 5% FCS. FCS in concentrations from 12.5 to 75% prevents the anti-HIV activity of miramistin in a dose of 100 micrograms/ml.

[Study of the anti-HIV activity of miramistin]. / Izuchenie anti-VICh-aktivnosti miramistina.

The anti-HIV activity of a cationic detergent myramistin and nonionic detergent dezintegron-0 (d-0) was studied using HIV-1 strains III B/H9 and BRU in lymphoblastoid cells MT-4 and Jurkat-tat. Myramistin in a concentration of 0.075 mg/ml was shown to prevent HIV-1 replication in MT-4 when these cells were cocultivated with the cells preinfected and treated with the detergent. Myramistin in concentrations from 0.030 to 0.050 mg/ml delayed the accumulation of virus antigens in the cells by 4 and 14 days, respectively, without preventing the infection of intact cells. Nonionic d-0 prevented HIV-1 infection of intact Jurkat-tat cells at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml.

[The use of monoclonal antibodies for detecting the influenza virus]. / Ispol'zovanie monoklonal'nykh antitel dlia vyiavleniia virusa grippa.

The possibilities of using influenza A (Leningrad) 385/80 (H3N2) virus matrix protein-specific FITC-labeled D8 monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence assays were investigated. The virus antigen accumulation was detected in chorioallantoic cells of chick embryos. Exhibiting the type-specific properties, the fluorescent antibodies stain the perinuclear space, cytoplasmic membrane, and granular structures in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The haemagglutination test tires in the corresponding specimens were at least 1:16.

[Monoclonal antibodies to the influenza A virus matrix protein that react with viral strains of different subtypes]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k matriksnomu belku virusa grippa A, reagiruiushchie s virusnymi shtammami razlichnykh podtipov.

To obtain hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to matrix (M) protein of influenza virus, mice were immunized with a modified antigen which consisted of subvirus units after electrophoretic removal of surface glycoproteins from virions using Desintegnon-O detergent. Six stable hybrid cultures producing MCA to M-protein were derived. The properties of MCA to the antigen determinant common for a group of influenza A virus strains of different subtypes allow them to be used in the development of a test-system for diagnosis of influenza A type.

[The use of the Soviet detergents dezintegron-O and dezintegron-B for the solubilization of influenza virus glycoproteins]. / Ispol'zovanie otechestvennykh detergentov dezintegrona-O i dezintegrona-B dlia soliubilizatsii glikoproteidov virusa grippa.

Native detergents, desintegron-O-and desintegron-B, solubilize hemagglutinins of the influenza virus as intensively, as foreign drugs (mulgophen, zwittergent and sodium sarcozyl) do. This permits recommending desintegrons for quantitative determination of hemagglutinin of the influenza virus in virus-containing materials by means of the reaction of single radial immunodiffusion. Desintegron-O and desintegron-B permit extracting enzymatically active neuraminidase from influenza A viruses with 44.6-83.4% yield.

[An immunological analysis of the hemagglutinin from the influenza A virus (H1N1) isolated by using various detergents]. / Immunologicheskii analaiz gemaggliutinina virusa grippa A (H1N1), vydelennogo s pomoshch'iu razlichnykh detergentov.

Immunogenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin, isolated by new detergents O-14 (desintegron-O) and B-14 (desintegron-B) have been studied. Hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-O has been found to be more immunogenic than virions. It has been shown that hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-B induces a lower humoral immune response than the influenza virus.