[Effectiveness evaluation of the psychological support inclusion in the correction of pain syndrome in patients with movement disorders at the stage of medical rehabilitation using the virtual reality technology]. / Otsenka effektivnosti vklyucheniya psikhologicheskogo soprovozhdeniya s ispol'zovaniem tekhnologii virtual'noi real'nosti v korrektsiyu bolevogo sindroma u patsientov s narusheniyami dvigatel'nykh funktsii na etape meditsinskoi reabilitatsii.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the comparative effectiveness of various methods of psychological support in the correction of pain syndrome in patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of big joints and spine in the process of medical rehabilitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In conditions of hospital, the 70 patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the big joints and spine who received drug and non-drug treatment were examined. The dynamics of the psycho-emotional state, subjective assessment of well-being and pain was studied in three groups: the main group (24 patients) where the psycho-correction plan included classes with a medical psychologist using a high-tech VR tool - «Vive Focus Plus EEA virtual reality helmet¼. A comparison group (24 patients) who received a standard format of psychological support within the patient-centered approach. The control group (22 patients) where only psycho-diagnostic measures were carried out. The «Tamp Kinesiophobia Scale¼, «Visual Analogue Scale of Well-Being Evaluation¼, «McGill Pain Questionnaire¼ were used as diagnostic tools. When comparing the effects of the interventions the nociceptive or mixed nature of pain was taken into account. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It has been shown that psychological support improves the effectiveness of pain therapy while the inclusion of a high-tech VR tool in psycho-correctional programs is expedient for overcoming the fear of movement and pain of neuropathic and mixed genesis but ineffective for relieving nociceptive pain, i.e. pain where there is no psychological component.

[Adherence to treatment as a factor in increasing the effectiveness of psychological rehabilitation programs for stroke patients using augmented reality technology]. / Priverzhennost' k lecheniyu kak faktor povysheniya effektivnosti programm psikhologicheskoi reabilitatsii bol'nykh, perenesshikh insul't, s ispol'zovaniem tekhnologii dopolnennoi real'nosti.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Studying the contribution of treatment adherence to the effective use of the Visual Medicine hardware and software complex (HSC) in the psychological rehabilitation of stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the use of APC in 81 patients undergoing a standard course of medical rehabilitation have been investigated (50 men and 31 women, average age 57.3±11.7 years). Compliance using the psycho-diagnostic questionnaire «Level of Compliance¼, which examines social, emotional and behavioral compliance; the state of higher mental functions (HMF) in dynamics by neuropsychological examination (tests for simultaneous and visual-spatial gnosis, kinesthetic, dynamic, spatial and constructive praxis) are studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It is shown that the use of a hardware-software complex helps to recover motor skills. However, the degree of positive dynamics of changes in the HMF state depends on the contribution of patient adherence to treatment, in particular, their «social compliance¼. It has been established that preventive diagnostics of social compliance at the average level, according to the questionnaire «Level of compliance¼, can be an indication for inclusion in the rehabilitation plan of training sessions with the program «Visual Medicine¼. Deviation towards low or high values signals the appointment of a medical psychologist consultation with the aim of further psychocorrectional work to achieve the optimal level of social compliance.

[Myofascial facial massage as a possible method of correction of psychoemotional states]. / Miofastsial'nyi massazh litsa kak vozmozhnyi metod korrektsii psikhoemotsional'nykh sostoyanii.

The work highlights the current problems of the relationship between the tonic activity of facial muscles and psychoemotional states. The frequency and severity of psychoemotional conditions and indicators of tonic activity of the facial muscles in 67 healthy women were studied. The currently known methods for the correction of psycho-emotional states based on the feedback mechanism are analyzed. The effectiveness of use of myofascial face massage as an instrument for the correction of psychological status was assessed. The influence of various massage techniques aimed at relaxing facial muscles on the psychoemotional state in the long term has been proved. The most effective tools for correcting muscle tone for the correction of psychoemotional states are proposed.

[Modern views on the relationship between psychoemotional state and the bioelectrical activity of facial muscles]. / Sovremennye predstavleniia o vzaimosviazi psikhoémotsional'nogo sostoianiia i bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti litsevykh myshts.

The paper presents a review of the literature data reflecting the relevance and current views on the problem of facial feedback. It considers the relationship between the bioelectric activity of facial muscles and neuropsychic stress. The modern issues dedicated to the study of the correlation between the indicators assessing the tonic activity of facial muscles and psycho-emotional stress are highlighted. Particular emphasis is placed on the scientific concept of emotional proprioception, according to which facial muscle activity through the trigeminal and facial nerves affects the emotional centers of the brain, by improving or worsening the emotional state. The currently known methods for the correction of psychoemotional states, which are based on the feedback mechanism, are analyzed. The possibilities of using neuromuscular relaxation of the facial muscles to correct psychoemotional conditions are considered.

[The specific features of the psycho-emotional status and the application of psychotherapy for the rehabilitative treatment of the patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Osobennosti psikhoémotsional'nogo sostoianiia i psikhoterapiia v reabilitatsii bol'nykh revmatoidnym artritom.

The relevance of the problem of rheumatoid arthritis arises from the influence of such factors as its prevalence rate, unpredictability, tendency towards the transition to the chronic form, severe pain syndrome, high levels of disability, and long-term loss of working ability, as well as the accompanying psycho-emotional disorders. The present reviews article was designed to analyze the premorbid personality characteristics, the specifics features of mental health, and the response to the disease in the patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis. Special emphasis is placed on the discusses of the relationship between the intensity of the pain syndrome and psycho-emotional disorders. The factors responsible for the development of the depressive states associated with rheumatoid arthritis are distinguished; they are shown to be related to both pathogenesis and the clinical symptoms of the underlying pathology as well as the general course of the disease and the specific features of the patients' psychological condition. The most extensively applied psychodiagnostics techniques are described, and the commonest psychotherapeutic approaches to the combined therapy and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis are overviewed.

[The application of the system of «reminder stickers¼ for the rehabilitation programs with the use of behavioural therapy for the patients presenting with anxiety disorders]. / Sistema stikernykh napominanii v programmakh reabilitatsii s primeneniem povedencheskoi terapii u patsientov s trevozhnymi rasstroistvami.

UNLABELLED: This article was designed to report the results of research on the effectiveness of the new original «reminder stickers¼ technique proposed by the authors for the management of the patients undergoing rehabilitation based on behavioral therapy. The essence of this technique consists of providing the patients with systematic reminders of the need to implement skills aimed at coping with maladaptive sensations that accompany anxiety disorders. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the «reminder stickers¼ technique for the formation of stable responses to the correction of the target clinical symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved 118 patients suffering from anxiety disorders allocated to two groups for comparison. Group 1 was comprised of the patients (n=76) given the reminders while group 2 contained those (n=42) not included in the system of «reminder stickers¼. The difference between the parameters of interest in the two groups was estimated with the use of Mann-Whitney and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: The analysis of diary records of the patients was used to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of maladaptive sensations that required the application of the appropriate behavioural skills and the frequency of the missed or delayed responses as well as the level of subjective satisfaction of the patients with the stability of the acquired skills. It was shown that the patients given «reminder stickers¼ significantly more frequently reported situations that required the application of the appropriate skills within the first week after the initiation of monitoring than the patients of group 2 (р<0,0001). The frequency of the missed or delayed responses in these patients was significantly lower than in group 2 (р<0,0001) whereas the degree of subjective satisfaction with the stability of the acquired skills was much higher (р<0,0001). These differences persisted during week 2 after the onset of monitoring when the frequency of maladaptive sensations that required the application of the previously formed behavioural skills of therapeutic significance in the patients given «reminder stickers¼ remained lower than in the patients to whom no such «remainders¼ were provided (р=0,001). The frequency of the missed or delayed responses in these patients decreased significantly in comparison with that in group 2 (р<0,0001),) while the degree of subjective satisfaction of the patients with the stability of the acquired skills further increased (р<0,0001). CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that inclusion of «reminder stickers¼ in the structure of cognitive-behavioral therapy at the stages of formation of the skills needed to cope with maladaptive sensations enhances the ability of the patients presenting with anxiety disorders to much more often timely identify situations that require the use of the appropriate behavioural skills and to apply them. It is concluded that the application of the original «reminder stickers¼ technique ensures an adequate response of the patients to maladaptive sensations that accompany anxiety disorders.

[The psychodiagnostic aspects of the compliance with treatment in the course of medical rehabilitation]. / Psikhodiagnosticheskie aspekty priverzhennosti k lecheniyu v protsesse meditsinskoi reabilitatsii.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the possibility of using psycho-diagnostic tools for the preventive diagnostics of the patients' adherence to the treatment in the course of medical rehabilitation. The article presents the overview of the available literature concerning the problem of interest. It is shown that the important factors of preventive diagnostics of the compliance include the peculiar steady-state and dynamic features of the individual patients presenting with chronic pathology, their current emotional state, intellectual and motivational preparedness for the active and meaningful participation in the rehabilitation process. The psychometric characteristics of the main methodological techniques that can be used for diagnostics of these parameters are described. Also reported are the data illustrating the necessity of the neuropsychological studies of the higher mental functions as well as formal standard testing and clinical interviewing of the patients by health providers for the purpose of determining the patient's preparedness for the efficient engagement in the process of rehabilitation.

[The specific features of the psycho-emotional state and psychotherapy in the patients suffering from dorsopathies].

The present article presents a review of the premorbid personality traits with special reference to the psychic state and pain-related behaviour characteristics of the patients presenting with dorsopathies. Also discussed is the relationship between the psychoemotional disorders and the intensity of pain syndrome. The psychodiagnostic approaches and techniques most commonly applied for the examination of this group of the patients are considered together with the psychotherapeutic methods used for their combined treatment and follow-up rehabilitative care.

[The personality structure as a basis for the organization of psychological support in the process of medical rehabilitation of the patients presenting with motor function disorders].

We have analyzed the relationships between personality traits and the quality of life in 95 in-patients with motor function disorders undergoing the rehabilitative treatment. It was shown that the high quality of life in the patients suffering from motor function disorders as a result of an acute cerebral circulation disorder correlated with the positive attitudes towards recovering and stress resistance. In the patients presenting with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints, the high quality of life correlated with the purpose-oriented behaviour and discipline expressed as the commitment to the goal. It was suggested based on the results of the study that the correction of the level of situational and trait anxiety should be regarded as the main end-point of the psychological treatment of the patients with acute cerebral circulation disorders, while the patients suffering from degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints could benefit from education designed to enhance compliance to the treatment and motivation for recovery.

[Psychoneurological disorders in acute intoxications by psychotropic drugs and their correction using hyperbaric oxygenation].

The paper presents the results of a study of the clinical features of psychoneurological disorders in 178 patients with acute intoxications by various psychotropic drugs. Hyperbaric oxygenation showed positive changes in psychopathological syndromic kinesis. A sanogenetic rationale is provided for the method of choice in treating this category of patients.

[Transcranial electrical stimulation in the treatment of toxicohypoxic encephalopathy at the early stage of inpatient rehabilitation].

The authors studied the time course of clinical and neuropsychological changes in the use of transcranial mesodiencephalic modulation in the complex treatment of patients with acute poisoning by neurotropic toxicants, which were complicated by toxicohypoxic encephalopathy. The findings suggest the beneficial impact of this technique on the autonomic functions of the brain stem, on the body's adaptive capacities and the psychoemotional sphere, which makes it possible to recommend the programmed use of this method in such patients.

[Time course of toxic hypoxic encephalopathy during combined therapy including hyperbaric oxygenation]. / Dinamika toksikogipoksicheskoi éntsefalopatii pod vozdeistviem kompleksnogo lecheniia s primeneniem giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii.

The mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in toxic hypoxic encephalopathy (THE) were studied using clinical psychopathological examinations, functional and laboratory tests in 268 patients with THE treated by a therapeutic complex including HBO and 75 patients with THE treated routinely (controls). The earliest possible addition of HBO to a complex of treatment of THE patients led to involution of signs of brain edema shown by computer tomography (CT) and improvement of its functional activity, while in patients exposed to HBO later the psychoorganic symptoms and CT signs of cerebral ischemia did not disappear. Detoxifying, neuroimmunomodulating, and neuroimmunostimulating effects of HBO in THE were demonstrated. Early HBO treatment decreased the dysfunction of various compartments of the brain characteristic of THE. The technology of HBO developed by the authors prevented the development of socially dysadapting psychoneurological disorders and reduced the mortality of THE patients.

[Hyperbaric oxygenation as a method of intensive therapy in acute exogenous poisoning]. / Giperbaricheskaia oksigenatsiia kak metod intensivnoi terapii pri ostrykh ékzogennykh otravleniiakh.

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was used in intensive care of patients with acute exogenous poisonings. Impaired oxygen homeostasis was pathogenetically significant, irrespective of the toxic agent. HBO added to a complex of intensive care measures was pathogenetically justified and promoted normalization of clinical and biochemical parameters of homeostasis.

[Role of hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of posthypoxic encephalopathy of toxic etiology]. / Rol' giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii v lechenii postgipoksicheskoi éntsefalopatii toksicheskogo geneza.

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was used in the treatment of 475 patients with toxic encephalopathy (TE) developing as a result of exo- and endotoxicosis. HBO promoted correction of all components of homeostasis, decreased endotoxicosis, reduced psychopathological and neurological disorders, and promoted social adaptation.