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1.
Public Health Action ; 13(2): 60-64, 2023 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37359064

RESUMO

SETTING: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has one of the world's highest TB incidence rates. It is difficult for patients to access TB care in remote provinces due to insufficient infrastructure and challenging terrain, making varied, targeted delivery models for treating TB necessary. OBJECTIVE: To assess treatment outcomes using self-administered treatment (SAT), family-supported treatment and community-based directly observed therapy (DOT) via treatment supporter (TS) in the PNG context. DESIGN: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of routinely collected data from 360 patients at two sites in 2019-2020. All patients were assigned a treatment model based on risk factors (adherence or default) and offered patient education and counselling (PEC), family counselling and transportation fees. End-of-treatment outcomes were assessed for each model. RESULTS: Treatment success rates among drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) were good overall: 91.1% for SAT, 81.4% for family-supported treatment and 77% for DOT patients. SAT was strongly associated with favourable outcomes (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.7-19.3), as were PEC sessions (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.5-7.2). CONCLUSION: By considering risk factors when determining their treatment delivery model, strong outcomes were seen in all three groups. Multiple modes of treatment administration, tailored to individuals' needs and risk factors, is a feasible, effective, patient-centred care model for hard-to-reach, resource-limited settings.


LIEU: La Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (PNG) présente l'un des taux d'incidence de TB les plus élevés au monde. Il est difficile pour les patients d'accéder aux soins contre la TB dans les provinces éloignées en raison d'une infrastructure insuffisante et d'un terrain difficile, rendant nécessaire l'utilisation de modèles de prestation variés et ciblés pour le traitement de la tuberculose. OBJECTIF: Évaluer les résultats du traitement en utilisant l'autotraitement, le traitement soutenu par la famille et la thérapie directement observée (DOT) basée sur la communauté avec un accompagnateur de traitement, dans le contexte de la PNG. MÉTHODES: Une analyse rétrospective et descriptive des données collectées de manière routinière auprès de 360 patients dans deux sites entre 2019 et 2020. Tous les patients ont été assignés à un modèle de traitement en fonction des facteurs de risque (adhésion ou abandon) et ont bénéficié d'une éducation et d'un accompagnement des patients, de conseils aux familles et de frais de transport. Les résultats en fin de traitement ont été évalués pour chaque modèle. RÉSULTATS: Les taux de réussite du traitement de la TB sensible aux médicaments (DS-TB) étaient globalement bons: 91,1% pour l'autotraitement, 81,4% pour le traitement soutenu par la famille et 77% pour les patients en DOT. L'autotraitement était fortement associé à des résultats favorables (OR 5,7; IC 95% 1,7­19,3), tout comme les séances d'éducation et d'accompagnement des patients (OR 4,3; IC 95% 2,5­7,2). CONCLUSION: En tenant compte des facteurs de risque lors de la détermination du modèle de prestation de traitement, de bons résultats ont été observés dans les trois groupes. Plusieurs modes d'administration du traitement, adaptés aux besoins et aux facteurs de risque individuels, constituent un modèle de soins réalisable, efficace et centré sur le patient pour les contextes difficiles d'accès et aux ressources limitées.

2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 21(3): 333-337, 2017 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28225345

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In July 2012, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Quality Health Care Project introduced the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay at the facility level of the primary health care system in Kyrgyzstan. This study analysed the results of the implementation of Xpert. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Test results from 2734 patients from July 2012 to December 2014 were analysed. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert in routine programme conditions were evaluated using culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) as gold standard. Contribution to early start of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was expressed as the median time between availability of the test result and start of treatment. RESULTS: Compared to culture, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert were respectively 92.7% and 90.4%. For the detection of rifampicin (RMP) resistance, Xpert sensitivity and specificity were respectively 90.1% and 90.7%. The median time to initiation of MDR-TB treatment decreased to 10 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6-16) in 2014 from 20 days (IQR 12-40, P < 0.001) in 2013. CONCLUSION: The Xpert assay demonstrated good agreement in the detection of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and RMP-resistant pulmonary TB in routine clinical practice. Although Xpert improved the time to treatment initiation from 2013 to 2014, more efforts are needed to further reduce this delay.


Assuntos
Antibióticos Antituberculose/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Rifampina/farmacologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Quirguistão , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico
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