Functional Activity of Lymphocytes of Healthy Donors and Cancer Patients After Culturing with IL-2 and IL-15.

The study focused on activation of lymphocytes derived from healthy donors and cancer patients in the medium supplemented with IL-2 and IL-15 at low concentrations. We studied morphological features of cultured cells, their viability, and proliferative and functional activities during culturing for up to 14 days. In comparison with lymphocytes derived from cancer patients, white blood cells derived from healthy donors demonstrated a number of advantages under the given culturing conditions such as higher viability, greater proliferative activity, and the potency for earlier activation; moreover, during activation they secreted the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 at greater concentrations.

[Spontaneous chromosome aberrations in cancer cells. The demonstration of the presence in them of hidden genetic structure damages]. / Spontannye khromosomnye aberratsii v rakovykh kletkakh. Dokazatel'stvo nalichiia v nikh skrytykh povrezhdenii geneticheskikh struktur.

Cultured HEp-2 cells (human larynx cancer cells) reveal significant variation in chromosome aberration rate. The study of its regularities at cell and population levels allowed to conclude that the cancer cells contain hidden lesions of genetic structures which, with certain probability, can reveal themselves as chromosome aberrations. Exposure of cancer cells to non-mutagenic agents (suboptimal temperature, low concentration of propilgallate or caffeine) resulted in the increase of frequency of cells containing chromosome aberrations above the control level, while the number of aberration per aberrant cell was not altered. Exposure of irradiated cells to the same agents induced, as in the case of spontaneous mutagenesis, the increase of the aberrant cell frequency, while the extent of their damage remained at the level characteristic of the effect of irradiation solely. The similarity of mechanisms for realisation of hidden chromosome lesions under the action of non-mutagenic agents in spontaneous and radiation-induced mutagenesis indicates the similarity of the nature of these lesions. The convincing evidence of existence of hidden genetic lesions in cancer cells was obtained in experiments with cloning of the initial population and analysis of chromosome aberrations in 22 clones. All the cells without any exception contained chromosome aberrations.

[Mechanisms of the effect of general anesthesia with barbiturates on immunity]. / Mekhanizmy vliianiia obshchei anestezii barbituratami na immunitet.

The effect of short-acting barbiturates on the number of theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes in donors and patients with lung cancer on the function of spontaneous and induced donor regulators as well as the concentration of cyclic nucleotides and T-lymphocytes in donors has been studied in vitro. The effect of general anesthesia with barbiturates on the number of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in the peripheral blood of somatically healthy patients with minimum surgical trauma has also been assessed. These studies as well as previous investigations serve the basis for elucidating the impact of general anesthesia with barbiturates on the immunity. It is recommended to identify the nature of immunodepression in patients with preoperative immune deficiencies.

[Immunologic indices of the blood and interstitial fluid in the evaluation of the treatment of secondary edemas of the upper extremities]. / Immunologicheskie pokazateli krovi i interstitsial'noi zhidkosti v otsenke terapii vtorichnykh otekov verkhnikh konechnostei.

The efficacy of therapy of upper limb secondary edemas after 4 programs was compared among 83 patients. The methods were as follows: traditional method (TM) including routine conservative therapy, acupuncture (AP), He-Ne laser OK-13 and semiconductor laser against a background of traditional therapy. A study was made of the time course of the extent of edema, total protein, IG, G, A and M and circulating immune complexes (CIC) during therapy of such patients. Blood serum and interstitial fluid indices were compared. TM and AP were accountable for 20-21% fluid discharge, LT--for 38-44%. Besides, semiconductor laser therapy increased IG discharge up to 44-55% of the initial amount.

[Neuroleptanalgesia, surgical trauma and immunity]. / Neiroleptanalgeziia, operatsionnaia travma i immunitet.

Immune status and hormonal homeostasis have been studied in 26 patients with larynx cancer operated on (laryngectomy, extended laryngectomy) under neuroleptanalgesia. It has been established that 3 and 7 days after the operation there was a decrease in plasma cortisol level and an increase in B- and T-lymphocyte count and theophylline-resistant T-lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood. In 4 patients with postoperative complications (pharyngeal fistulas) there was a reverse correlation between cortisol content and B-lymphocyte count and T-lymphocyte blast transformation.

[Comparative analysis of various indicators of venous blood and peripheral lymph in healthy subjects]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz nekotorykh pokazatelei venoznoi krovi i perifericheskoi limfy zdorovykh liudei.

Over four hundred industrial workers underwent immunological examination for quantitative and functional evaluation of the main blood lymphocyte and neutrophil subpopulations and reactions of sensitization to industrial allergens at the cellular and subcellular levels. Concurrent quantitative and functional T- and B-lymphocyte deficiency was revealed in 17.5 per cent workers; the majority of subjects were found to have changes in specific indices (30 per cent) or heterogeneous changes (11.5 per cent). The incidence and magnitude of the secondary immunodeficiency signs are shown to be dependent on the main unfavourable factors of the industrial environment which are also related to the sensitization to the industrial allergens, developing primarily in T- and B-lymphocyte deficient subjects (40 per cent of the 69 per cent sensitized). A principle of group formation is proposed for the dynamic follow-up of the outcome of the revealed signs of secondary immunodeficiency and their effect on the workers' health. A methodology is established for revealing secondary immunodeficiency state and sensitization during mass immunological examinations of industrial workers.

[Restoration of immunologic indices following reflexotherapy in the combination treatment of radiation-induced edema of the upper limbs]. / Vosstanovlenie immunologicheskikh pokazatelei posle refleksoterapii pri kompleksnom lechenii luchevykh otekov verkhnikh konechnostei.

A study was made of the effect of combined treatment (routine drug therapy, massage, application of DMSO) alone and in combination with acupuncture and laser puncture on a degree of secondary (radiation) edema and immunological indices in 36 patients treated for breast cancer 2-15 years ago. These methods were shown to decrease effectively a degree of edema by 22-37%. The highest effect was achieved using laser puncture against a background of the main treatment. All types of combined modality treatment promoted the return of the patients' immunological status to normal (an increase in low and a decrease in high values). The most effective recovery was noted in the lymphocyte count, the ratio of helpers (inductors and suppressors) killers, and lymphocyte blast transformation reaction to mitogens.

[The bone marrow in Hodgkin's disease following radiotherapy and splenectomy]. / Kostnyi mozg pri limfogranulematoze posle luchevoi terapii i splenéktomii.

A study was made of the bone marrow status in unirradiated zones of 33 patients with stage I-II Hodgkin's disease in complete 9-12 year remission after therapeutic irradiation of the lymphatic collectors of the upper part of the trunk in combination with irradiation of the spleen (16 patients) or splenectomy (17 patients). The total count of myelokaryocytes, myelogram, a relative and absolute content of lymphoid cells, immature granulocytes and elements of the erythroid series were defined in the punctates of the upper portion of the ilium. T- and B-lymphocyte count, the number of granulocytomacrophage (CFU-C) and stromal (CFU-F) precursor cells were defined using morphocytochemical and immunological methods. At that time an increase in the relative and absolute content of C- and B-lymphocytes was noted. The T-cell count and the total number of myelokaryocytes, on the one hand, and the content of immature granulocytes and erythronormoblasts, on the other hand, showed correlation of various degree which was particularly noticeable in the group of unoperated patients. The total number of myelokaryocytes in 1 microliter of the bone marrow of the patients after splenectomy, on an average, significantly exceeded that in the group of patients with the irradiated spleen. These changes were considered to be a result of the rearrangement of T-differentiating lymphocytes with their raised accumulation in the bone marrow after irradiation of a considerable volume of the lymphoid tissue and spleen or after splenectomy.

[Effectiveness of various therapeutic schemes for patients with radiation edema of the extremities]. / Effektivnost' raznykh skhem terapii bol'nykh s luchevymi otekami konechnostei.

The efficacy of various therapeutic schemes: medicinal (basic therapy--BT), acupuncture (AP) and laser therapy (LT) against a background of basic therapy--was assessed and compared in 36 patients with radiation limb edema. It was established that a degree of a decrease in edemas, the improvement of indices of rheovasography grew in the following order: BT----AP----LT. The recovery of the lymph flow and immunological indices were the same in all therapeutic schemes.

[Relation between interleukin-2 production and the time of irradiation and mitogenic lymphocyte activation]. / Zavisimost' produktsii interleikina-2 ot srokov oblucheniia i mitogennoi aktivatsii limfotsitov.

The effect of radiation on the production of interleukin 2 by activated lymphocytes was shown to be a function of time interval between irradiation and mitogen stimulation of cells. The most intensive production of interleukin 2 was noted in cells exposed 24 h following the effect of the mitogen. The enhancing effect of in vivo irradiation was less pronounced.

[Role of splenectomy in impairing lymphocyte elimination in patients with lymphogranulomatosis]. / Rol' splenéktomi v narushenii éliminatsii limfotsitov u bol'nykh immunogranuletmatozom.

The study group included 113 patients in a continuing 1 to 10 year-long complete clinical-hematological remission from Hodgkin's disease. 43 of them had prior splenectomy. The latter revealed a higher level of lymphocytes (chiefly 0-cells) and a diminished response of mononuclear blood cells to PHA as compared to the other patients and healthy controls. Also, they had more lymphocytes which became capable of E-rosette formation following a short-term incubation at 37 degrees C (lymphocyte reactivation by means of surface modification). The negative correlation between the reactivated T-cells level and mononuclear cell response to PHA suggested a functional blocking of T-cells involving damage to membranes. The absence of reactivated T-lymphocytes in nonsplenectomized patients was regarded as circumstantial evidence for the role played by the spleen in withdrawing faulty lymphocytes from peripheral blood.