[The mode of evaluation of functional condition of kidneys under autoimmune diseases.]

The kidneys are one of main homeostatic organs participating in regulation of concentration of osmotic active substances, ionic composition and acid-base balance, in maintenance of volume of fluid of internal medium of organism fulfilling excretory function. The analysis of urine is largely applied in laboratory practice for detecting different pathological conditions. The actual study was organized to develop simple, accessible and economic mode of evaluation of functional condition of kidneys in patients with somatic diseases, detection of their early dysfunction and timely implementation of adjustment. The study was carried out on sampling of 78 patients: 58 persons with inflammatory diseases of intestine (ulcerous colitis, Crohn's disease) and 20 healthy persons (volunteers). The proposed technique is based on detection of total pool of metabolites in day urine of patients. The spectrophotometer is applied to detect main groups of metabolites of urine within range of wavelength 210-300 nm. The excess amount of pathologic components, toxically effecting and affecting homeostasis of internal medium of organism, is detected under establishment of total optical density. Its value is ≥30 standard unit and also sum of optical density within range 210-230 and 270-290 nm, equal 10 and 7 standard units correspondingly testify presence of glomerular and tubular apparatus of kidneys.

Role of Endogenous Factors in Response of Erythrocyte Membrane in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases under Conditions of Ischemic Exposure.

We studied specific features of erythrocyte membrane response to short-term occlusion of the brachial artery in patients with cardiovascular pathology. Under ischemic conditions, processes of sorption were primarily intensified in patients with effort angina and processes of hemoglobin binding with erythrocyte membrane predominated in patients with essential hypertension. These changes in the cell membrane were related to modulation of aggregation properties of erythrocytes (in patients with angina) and plasminogen activity (in patients with essential hypertension). They can also be associated with changes in glucose levels (effort angina) and uric acid (essential hypertension) whose effects can be significantly modified by other endogenous factors.

[Equipment for biological experiments with snails aboard piloted orbital stations].

To fly biological experiments aboard piloted orbital stations, research equipment was built up of an incubation container, filter system and automatic temperature controller. Investigations included analysis of the makeup and concentrations of gases produced by animals (snails) during biocycle, and emitted after death. Filters are chemisorption active fibrous materials (AFM) with high sorption rate and water receptivity (cation exchange fiber VION-KN-1 and anion exchange fiber VION-AS-1), and water-repellent carbon adsorbent SKLTS. AFM filters were effective in air cleaning and practically excluded ingress of chemical substances from the container into cabin atmosphere over more than 100 days.

[Structural and functional disorders of erythrocyte cell membrane in patients with Crohn's disease].

Investigation of erythrocyte membrane in patients with Crohn's disease detected the changes in asymmetry of its molecular components, abnormalities in normal functioning of membrane-associated enzymes and energy-dependent processes in the cell. The mechanism of damaging effect on the cell membrane was caused by the excessive blood accumulation of a composite complex of low-molecular substances, compounds of quinone and carbohydrate nature, peptides, modified forms of nucleotides. The revealed changes make it possible to assess the severity of endogenous intoxication and cell membrane disorder, which take place not only in the course of the disease acute attack, but also retain during the period of incomplete clinical and endoscopic remission.

Composition of protein-peptide complex of human fetal and rabbit juvenile tissues.

The composition of the protein-peptide complex of cryopreserved human fetal tissues and juvenile tissues of newborn rabbits was studied by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods (liquid, thin layer, and reaction paper chromatography).

[The effect of fluvastatin (Lescol) treatment on the clinical status and function of the liver in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie lecheniia fliuvastatinom (Leskolom) na klinicheskii status i funktsiiu pecheni bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The study included 30 IHD patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (22 males and 8 females). 18 and 12 patients have received a single daily dose of fluvastatin 20 and 40 mg, respectively, in the evening for 12 weeks. The drug effect was assessed by changes in the clinical status, lipid spectrum, transport-metabolic and absorption-secretory functions of the liver. IHD patients with hypercholesterolemia were found to have dysfunction of the hepatobiliary system. Fluvastatin treatment reduced the level of total cholesterol (Ch), LDLP Ch, triglycerides. HDLP Ch levels remained unchanged. Atherogenic lipoproteins aggregation diminished. Positive changes occurred in hepatic metabolism: bilirubin concentrations lowered, serum albumin went up, absorption-secretory function of hepatocytes normalized, hepatic mono-oxidase system activated. Fluvastatin-related hepatic damage was not reported in the course of 12-month follow-up.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric study of lipids and rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The method suggested is based on the identification of tuberculostearic acid as a Mycobacterium tuberculosis marker. Bacterial culture and sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and lung diseases of non-tuberculous etiology were investigated. A complete coincidence of the results of bacteriological and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) methods used in examining a group of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was found. GC-MS ion monitoring provides a highly sensitive and rapid technique for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography in the preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma.

To evaluate the diagnostic ability of transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography (TRUS and TVUS), 132 patients with rectal carcinoma were examined. Analysis of the data obtained has shown that the high quality of endosonographic imaging allows the performance of detailed staging of rectal carcinoma. In the great majority of patients (91%) the staging was carried out correctly. Neoplastic invasion was overstaged in only five cases and understaged in another five cases. Altered pararectal lymph nodes could be visualized by endosonographic examination in 54.5% of patients.

[Rapid isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by chromatography and mass spectrometry selected-ion monitoring]. / Bystroe vyiavlenie mikobakterii tuberkuleza metodom khromato-mass-spektrometricheskogo selektivnogo ionnogo monitoringa.

The method employs identification of M. tuberculosis marker, tuberculostearinic acid. Bacterial culture and sputum from tuberculous and nontuberculous pulmonary disease patients were examined. The results of bacterial and chromatic mass-spectrometry methods in tuberculous patients proved identical. The latter technique is highly sensitive and provides quick results.

[The evacuatory motor function of the gastric stump in patients with different gastroenteric anastomoses]. / Motorno-évakuatornaia funktsiia kul'ti zheludka u bol'nykh s razlichnymi zheludochno-kishechnymi soust'iami.

Motoric and evacuatory function of gastric stump were studied with bengal rose 131I in 47 patients who had undergone stomach resection for peptic ulcer in remote post-operative period with the view to study functional peculiarities of different gastroenteroanastomosis. The results evidenced in favour of Bilroth I stomach resection with retained passage of duodenal content. Bilroth II stomach resection followed by anastomosis put with cross dissection of intestinal wall was noted to preserve physiological evacuation of gastric content into intestine, which indicates its superiority to conventional Hofmeister-Finsterer's method.

[Study of hepatic function in patients with gastrointestinal anastomosis]. / Issledovanie funktsionalnogo sostoianiia pecheni u bolnykh s zheludochno-kishechnym anastomozom.

In 47 patients with gastric ulcer disease, the absorptive-excretive function of the liver after resection of the stomach was studied by means of bengal rosy radioactive (bengal-rose131I). All the patients examined demonstrated a decrease in the absorptive function of the liver, which was more pronounced in creation of Hofmeister-Finsterer anastomosis. In hepatography with the use of bengal-rose 131I, the insignificant disorders in the liver function were noted, which couldn't be detected by means of biochemical methods of investigation.

[A method for improvement of blood circulation in composite grafts in the preventive and reconstructive surgery of burns]. / Metodika uluchsheniia krovoobrashcheniia v slozhnykh transplantatakh v preventivnoi i rekonstruktivnoi khirurgii ozhogov.

In 58 patients after performance of plasty with fatty-cutaneous and fasciocutaneous grafts, the state of circulation in the flaps was studied. The level of ischemic disorders was defined. The medicamentous complexes contributing to improvement of circulation in the grafts are suggested.

[Quantitative gas chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in express diagnosis of nonclostridial anaerobic infection]. / Kolichestvennoe opredelenie letuchikh zhirnykh kislot gazokhromatograficheskim metodom dlia ékspress-diagnostiki vozbuditelei neklostridial'noi anaérobnoi infektsii.

Gas chromatographic procedure was used for quantitative estimation of metabolic [volatile fatty acids (C2-C6)] of anaerobic bacteria in express diagnosis of nonclostridial anaerobic infection in surgical patients with purulent bacterial destruction of lungs and with abdominal impairments as well as in patients with calculous cholecystitis. Only traces of acid metabolites were detected in donor blood. A 10-30-fold increase in their content in blood of patients with surgical and gynecologic sepsis enabled to diagnose the anaerobic form of the disease.

[Acute anaerobic destruction of the lungs]. / Ostraia anaérobnaia destruktsiia legkikh.

Seventy eight patients with bacterial destruction of the lungs were under observation. Non-clostridial anaerobic microflora was identified by a method of gas-liquid chromatography in 57(74.6%) patients. Of them, 8 had gangrene, 49--acute pulmonary abscesses. In all the cases, there were associations of asporous anaerobic microflora with aerobic bacteria. In all the patients with destruction of pulmonary tissue, the increase in the content of the middle mass molecules was noted, the greatest--in patients with gangrene of a lung. In these patients, the bactericidal activity of blood serum, IgM and IgA content were low. In all patients, the complex treatment was performed.

[Cytomegalovirus disease (a description of 2 cases and a review of the literature)]. / Tsitomegalovirusnaia bolezn' (opisanie dvukh sluchaev i obzor literatury).

The paper is concerned with general information on this infection with the description of 2 cases. In one of the patients the disease developed suddenly. There was no reason to suppose SAID, an immunosuppressive state of another genesis. A course of disease was very grave with the involvement of many organs and systems, the bone marrow. The hematological picture of disease was of particular interest (infection carriers--atypical mononuclears were detected in the blood). Diagnosis was made only at autopsy. This case was illustrative in view of usual search for bacterial infection in patients with fever and physicians' insufficient knowledge of this infection. In the second patient suffering from CML cytomegaloviral disease was diagnosed during her life-time. Causes of the fever syndrome (whether it was due to tumor progression or infection) were analyzed. The former seemed more probable.

[Nonspecific protection and specific immunity in various clinical forms of mumps virus infection in children]. / Sostoianie nespetsificheskoi zashchity i spetsificheskogo immuniteta pri razlichnykh klinicheskikh formakh parotitno-virusnoi infektsii u detei.

The time course of specific antibody production, interferon production in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and the capacity of blood cells for interferon production were compared in 270 children with glandular and neuroglandular forms of mumps virus infection (MVI). A significant decrease of antibody production in neuroglandular form of MVI and lower interferon titres in the blood in the acute period of this form of infection were noted. The severity of the course of meningitis was inversely related to interferon levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In aseptic meningitis, the capacity of blood leukocytes for interferon production upon their repeated contact with mumps virus was disturbed while interferon synthesis induced by other interferon inducers (polyI: polyC) did not change. In patients with neuroglandular form of MVI having low interferon titres, high monocytosis in the blood was observed at the period of meningitis symptoms onset. Superimposition of acute respiratory virus infections in MVI leads to more severe course of meningitis with prolongation of meningeal symptoms and of the period required for the elimination of pathogenic agents from the cerebrospinal fluid.