[Endoscopic treatment of intestinal malrotation in newborns and infants]. / Endokhirurgicheskoe lechenie mal'rotatsii kishechnika u novorozhdennykh i mladentsev.

AIM: To compare treatment of intestinal malrotation in newborns and infants using laparoscopy and laparotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the period from January 2004 to December 2013 34 Ladd's procedures were performed. Children were divided into 2 groups by 17 patients: laparoscopic (group I) and open treatment (group II). RESULTS: Both groups had similar demographic and other preoperative parameters. There were significant differences in duration of operation between both groups (61 vs. 70 minutes). Nutrition was initiated earlier after mini-invasive treatment (1.5 days vs. 3 days) and the time need for full enteral nutrition was also less (4.2 days vs. 6.9 days). Hospital-stay was shorter in group I (7.7 vs. 10.2 days). Number of early postoperative complications was similar in groups. Incidence of remote complications was higher in laparotomy group but the differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that endoscopic correction of congenital anomalies of intestinal rotation provides better postoperative results than open surgery and can be widely used in young children.

[Sperm DNA fragmentation: association with semen parameters in young men].

AIM: Abnormal sperm DNA integrity is an important risk factor for male infertility. The aim of this work was to examine sperm DNA fragmentation in a cohort of young male volunteers (n=111; age 21.0+/-0.2 years) from the general population and establish the association between the level of sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm functional parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was determined by SCSA (sperm chromatin structure assay) using flow cytometry. Standard semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) were evaluated according to the WHO guidelines (2010). RESULTS: and conclusions. In the study cohort, 79.0%, 12.4% and 8.6% of men had normal (DFI<15%), borderline (15 less or equal DFI<27%) and high (DFI more or equal 27%) levels of fragmentation, respectively. Men with impaired spermatogenesis had greater IDF values (14.53+/-1.43%) than men with normal semen parameters (8.88+/-0.77%, p<0.05). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between IFD and ejaculate concentration (r=-0.21, p<0.05), fractions of mobile (r=-0.41, p<0.05) and morphologically normal sperm (r=- 0.34, p<0.05). Testing sperm DNA fragmentation using SCSA technique can be employed in epidemiological studies of male fertility.

[USING CORTEXIN TO MANAGE THE CONSEQUENCES OF PERINATAL HYPOXIC BRAIN INJURY IN INFANT RATS].

To verify if the peptide preparation <> can be used to treat pathological processes in CNS during perinatal ontogenesis, registration and analysis of a series of physiological indicators (EMG, ECG, respiration, vagosympathetic balance) were carried out in control infant rats and in a perinatal hypoxic-is- chemic (HI) brain injury rat model. Ischemic brain injury was induced in 7-day-old rats by ligation of the left general carotid artery (under ether anesthesia) followed by keeping the animals in hypoxic gas cham- ber containing 8 % of oxygen and 92 % of nitrogen (day 1 of the experiment). One hour after the exposure to hypoxic conditions the rats of the experimental group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of cortexin at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The drug was injected daily for 10 days. Both control and non-treated ani- mals (with HI brain injury induced) were given the physiological solution. Examinations carried out on days 10 and 30 after operation revealed a lag in the body weight gain in non-treated rats as compared to control animals as well as statistically significant differences in intensity and spectral structure of EMGs between these groups. EMG of the rats.treated with cortexin showed a transient improvement of its spect- ral structure but not of the amplitude on day 10. On day 30 the positive effect of cortexin, as observed earlier, was not revealed. Respiration rate in both treated and non-treated rats was higher than in the control. Heart beat rate in operated rats was not altered, but non-treated animals on day 30 had a tendency towards its depression. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) showed that 10 days after trauma both treated and non-treated rats had a statistically significant shift of vagosympathetic balance towards the prevalence of parasympathetic influences. On day 30 cortexin treatment gave a positive effect whereas in non-tre- ated rats a shift of vagosympathetic balance occurred towards the prevalence of humoral, metabolic, and sympathetic influences. Administration of cortexin to intact infant rats leads to appreciable disturban- ces of vagosympathetic balance, heart rhythm, and, to a lesser extent, respiration rhythm and may cause steady disturbances of somatic and autonomic nervous system activity.

[Button gastrostomy in children].

For the period January 2002 to December 2013 it was performed 84 interventions for introduction of gastrostomy tube. The first group included 24 open operations and the second group had 60 laparoscopic operations by using of button devices MIC-KEY (Kimberly-Clark, Roswell, USA) in neonates and infants. Statistically significant difference was not observed during comparison of demographic data of patients. Differences in groups were found in statistical analysis of intra- and postoperative parameters (p<0.05). Mean duration of surgery in the first group was 37.29 min, in the second group - 23.97 min. Time to start of feeding and transition to complete enteral nutrition was less in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery than after open intervention (10.5 and 19.13 hours, 23.79 and 35.88 hours respectively; p<0.05). It was revealed augmentation of hospital stay in the 1st group in comparison with the 2(nd) group (11.71 and 7.09 days respectively; p<0.05). Frequency of postoperative complications was 18.33% in the 2(nd) group and 24% - in the 1st group (p<0.05). The authors consider that button devices are simply and effective technique of gastrostomy establishment in children. It is associated with minimal surgery duration and allows to start early enteral nutrition in comparison with open techniques.

[GLUCOSE CONTENT FLUCTUATION IN BLOOD OF NEWBORN RATS DEPENDING ON SEASON AND PATTERN OF SPONTANEOUS MOTOR ACTIVITY].

Earlier we have shown that in newborn rats the glucose level in blood serum changes depending on the pattern of spontaneous periodic motor activity (SPMA). During rest periods, both under dominant decasecond rhythm and under dominant minute rhythm, the glucose level in blood serum is higher than during activity periods. We have also shown that the glucose level in the blood serum rises with age reaching the level of adult animals by day 10. In the present study carried out on 3-10-day-old rats under conditions of free behavior the blood glucose content was investigated in different periods of <> cycle during different seasons. It is found that in newborn rats of all ages studied (3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-day-old ones) the lowest glucose concentration in the blood is observed in the winter period. In spring its level increases and in summer reaches the maximum different significantly from the winter and spring levels in all age groups except day 5. In autumn the glucose level decreases and approaches the spring values but it is still different from the winter indices. In 5-day-old rats statistically significant differences of glucose levels in different seasons were not observed. The data obtained provide evidence of seasonal fluctuations of the glucose level in blood serum of newborn rats. At the same time during all seasons except spring the dependence of glucose level on the pattern of motor activity persists. In spring these differences are smoothed. Key words: ontogenesis, motor activity, metabolic factors, glucose, seasonal variations.

[Thoracotomy and thoracoscopy in the treatment of patent arterial duct in infants weighing less than 2500 g].

BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic clipping of the patent ductus arteriosus is an alternative to conventional surgical closure via thoracotomy in low birth weight infants. The aim of this study is to compare of these two groups of patients for the last 11 years. METHODS: We reported the data of 127 small children's who underwent standard transaxillary thoracotomy (101 patients - Group I) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for patent ductus arteriosus clipping (26 patients - Group II). The two groups were compared for patients demographics, operative report and postoperative parameters. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of demographics and preoperative parameters. There was significant difference in mean operative time between open and thoracoscopic procedure (44.65 min vs 38.46 min; p<0.05). Duration of care in neonatal intensive unit and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the Group II (16.44 d vs 8.77 d; p<0.05 and 40.13 d vs 33.65 d; p<0.05). Early complication rates were equivalent between groups (6.93% vs 3.85%; p>0.05). Rate of long-term complications was dominated in the thoracotomy group (19.80% vs 0%; p=0127). CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 2500 g gave results better than open surgery.

[Interrelation between parameters of motor activity and blood glucose concentration in newborn rats at starvation and under glucose load conditions].

The study is carried out the 1st-, 3rd-, 5th-, 7th, and 10th-day old free moving or loosely fixed rat pups (P1-10). In satiated and submitted to the 24-h starvation rat pups, parameters of spontaneous periodical motor activity (SPMA) and the blood glucose content were studied. The total glucose level in hungry rat pups was, on average, 1.5-2.5 times lower than in satiated animals. Administration of glucose to hungry rat pups increased 6-11 times its concentration in blood as compared with the animals not obtaining glucose. The glucose administration to the satiated rat pups led to a rise of its level in blood from 2 to 5 times as compared with intact animals, which was 2-3 times less than in the case of hungry animals. Analysis of pattern of motor activity recorded under conditions of the glucose deficit caused by the 24-h starvation of rat pups did not reveal significant changes of ratio of rhythmical components. Introduction of glucose to hungry and to the lesser degree to satiated rat pups led to potentiation of the minute rhythm of activity in all age groups. An exception was the first day after birth when the glucose administration to satiated rat pups promoted an enhancement of the decasecond rhythm and a decrease of the total level of motor activity. Comparison of ontogenetic dynamics of the SPMA parameters and the glucose content in blood of hungry rat pups revealed the clearly expressed regularity absent in the satiated animals: the glucose level in blood was higher during activity than in the state of rest. The performed study has shown that intensity, duration, and, to a degree, pattern of SPMA in the newborn rat pups depend on the level of satiety, and can be significantly changed in the artificially produced hypo- or hyperglycemia. The existing ontogenetic fluctuations in the character of reaction at performance of the glucose tolerance test can be connected both with morphofunctional maturation of the motor system and with immaturity of various chains of carbohydrate metabolism.

[Peculiarity of the laboratory diagnostic of the measles virus infection in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated patients].

119 specimens of blood sera collected from measles cases with different vaccination history (aged 4 months to 48 years) on 5th-6th days after rash onset were Investigated using EIA. The obtained results showed that the primary immune response (PIR) was developed in 59 patients; the secondary immune response (SIR) was developed in 60 patients with a significant increase in the specific high avidity IgG (22.34 IU/ml +/- 3.2). The specific IgM were detected in 100% cases studied with capture ELISA in both previously vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals of different age. The specific IgM were detected by indirect ELISA in 100% cases in unvaccinated patients, while IgM positive sera was defined only in 23.3% of individuals with SIR. It was concluded that measles virus infection in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated adults had clinical differences. The role of patients with SIR in virus transmission was discussed.

[The blood glucose content in newborn rats depending on level and pattern of spontaneous motor activity].

Earlier we have shown that administration to newborn rats of the pentose phosphate cycle inhibitor hydroquinone leads to a change in intensity and pattern of spontaneous periodic motor activity (SPMA) characteristic of early stages of development. The most typical was the disappearance of the rest period from the near-minute cycle "activity--rest" and the appearance of uninterrupted motor activity. In several cases, especially after 10 days of development, there was noted an enhancement in the SMPA pattern of the motor activity complexes following in the decasecond rhythm. In this study, on the 3-10-day old rats maintained under conditions of free behavior there was studied the blood glucose content in the animals at various periods of the activity-rest cycle. Apart from the SPMA phase, its composition (pattern) characterizing the maturity level and functional state of spinal motor centers was taken into account. In the 3, 7 and 10-day old rats at the rest period, the glucose concentration was established to differ depending on the motor activity pattern. In the case of the decasecond periodicity, it amounts to 5.7 +/- 0.2, 6.3 +/- +/- 0.3, and 7.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, while at the minute one--6.1 +/- 0.4, 7.8 +/- 0.3, and 7.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l. At the moment of bursts of motor excitation, the glucose concentration falls to 5.2 +/- 0.1, 6.1 +/- 0.4, and 7.1 +/- +/- 0.3 mm at the decasecond and to 5.4 +/- 0.5, 6.7 +/- 0.2, and 7.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l at the near-minute rhythm (for the 3, 7 and 10-day old animals, respectively). The results obtained on the 5-day rat pups differ qualitatively from those observed in other age groups. Thus, the glucose concentration at the rest period amounts to 6.8 +/- 0.2 at the decasecond and to 6.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/l at the nearminute periodicity. At the period of motor excitation accompanied by the presence of the decasecond activity rhythm, the glucose concentration falls to the level of 6.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/l by differing statistically significantly from the observed one in the rest state. In the case of the appearance of the minute rhythm, the glucose concentration amounts to 5.8 +/- +/- 0.3 mmol/l. The obtained data indicate that reproduction of the minute and decasecond rhythms recorded in composition of SPMA is accompanied by a change in the blood serum glucose level. The degree of a decrease of its concentration correlates with a certain activity rhythm: at the decasecond one the fall is 9, 13, 3, and 7 %, whereas at the minute rhythm--11, 13, 14, and 2% (for the 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-day old rats, respectively). In id to be noted that a certain effect on the activity pattern is produced by the degree of satiety of the rat pups, the gastric emptying being accompanied by an increase in expression of the decasecond rhythm and of brief jerks. Besides, there occur the significant seasonal oscillations of the blood serum glucose concentration in the newborn rat pups--at the summer period it is statistically significantly higher than at the winter-spring period.

[Effect of new polyprenol drug ropren on anxiety-depressive-like behavior in rats with experimental Alzheimer disease].

Influence of the chronic administration of ropren (Trademark)--a plant preparation based on the neutral fraction of extract of spruce and pine needles--on affective status in male rats with amyloid peptide (Abeta(25-35)) induced amnesia has been studied. Ropren was administered per os in a dose of 8.6 mg/kg for 28 days. Anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and behavioral reactions were assessed in the elevated plus maze, forced swimming, and open field tests. The four-week treatment revealed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the drug. Ropren administration improved various behavioral parameters. The obtained results show that ropren ameliorates behavioral deficits in animal model relevant to Alzheimer's disease and indicate that Ropren is potentially active in the management of affective impairments in the experimental model under consideration. It also has a profound beneficial effect on the anxiety and depressive-like behavior in rats with model Alzheimer's type dementia, and thus may prove to be a novel natural treatment.

[Glial reaction in the forebrain subventricular zone in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reactive changes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the rat brain lateral ventricles after the intraventricular injection of beta-amyloid peptide (BAP). It was found that 3 months after BAP injection ependymal cells and SVZ cells reacted to the intraventricular BAP injection by the formation of glial structures, similar to amyloid plaques in their composition, cell structure and possible developmental mechanism. Using immunohistochemical methods, it was shown that they consisted mainly of reactive astrocytes and microgliocytes. It is suggested that atypical morphogenesis of these structures is associated with the interrelationship between the degenerative and regenerative processes, which involve both ependymal cells and forebrain proliferative zone progenitor cells.

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of beta-amyloid on the dynamics of learning in purebred and mongrel rats.

The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of the beta-amyloid peptide fragment Abeta(25-35) on the dynamics of the acquisition of a conditioned reflex in a Y maze were studied in Wistar and mongrel rats. The dynamics of decreases in the number of errors were assessed using an exponential mathematical model describing the transfer function of a first-order system in response to stepped inputs using non-linear regression analysis. This mathematical model provided a good approximation to the learning dynamics in inbred and mongrel mice. In Wistar rats, beta-amyloid impaired learning, with reduced memory between the first and second training sessions, but without complete blockade of learning. As a result, learning dynamics were no longer approximated by the mathematical model. At the same time, comparison of the number of errors in each training sessions between the control group of Wistar rats and the group given beta-amyloid showed no significant differences (Student's t test). This result demonstrates the advantage of regression analysis based on a mathematical model over the traditionally used statistical methods. In mongrel rats, the effect of beta-amyloid was limited to an a slowing of the process of learning as compared with control mongrel rats, with retention of the approximation by the mathematical model. It is suggested that mongrel animals have some kind of innate, genetically determined protective mechanism against the harmful effects of beta-amyloid.

Antiamnestic effect of alpha7-nicotinic receptor agonist RJR-2403 in middle-aged ovariectomized rats with Alzheimer type dementia.

The effects of chronic combined treatment with alpha7-nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist RJR-2403 (1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or alpha7-nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and 17beta-estradiol (0.5 microg per rat intramuscularly) for 10 days on passive avoidance retention were studied in middle-aged (15 months) ovariectomized rats with experimental Alzheimer type dementia. Chronic treatment with RJR-2403 and 17beta-estradiol had a pronounced antiamnestic effect under conditions of Alzheimer type dementia in middle-aged ovariectomized rats.

Neuroprotective effect of cytoflavin during compression injury of the spinal cord.

Cytoflavin normalized energy metabolism, decreased the intensity of lipid peroxidation, and reactivated the antioxidant system in the spinal cord of rats with compression injury at the level of Th10-Th11. The neuroprotective effect of the test preparation manifested in normalization of hindlimb motor function and decrease in mortality rate of animals with spinal cord injury. Neuroprotective activity of cytoflavin was higher than that of Cerebrolysin.

[The neuroprotector effect of a new taurine derivative on a model of compression spinal cord trauma in rats].

The neuroprotector effect of a new taurine derivative, 2-(1-phenylethyl)-aminoethanesulfonyl-2-propylamide hydrochloride, has been studied in rats with model compression spinal cord trauma. The drug favored restoration of the motor function of posterior extremities in rats with the model spinal cord trauma and significantly decreased the lethality in test animals. The taurine derivative normalized the energy metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in animals with spinal cord trauma. The neuroprotector effect of the new taurine derivative significantly exceeds the action of cerebrolysine.

[Effect of olipifate on the wound healing proces and relapse after resection of Pliss lymphosarcoma]. / O vliianoe olipifata na protsessy zazhivleniia ran i retsidivirovanie posle rezekstii limfosarkomy Plissa.

The investigation was concerned with the influence of preliminary injections of Olipiphat, irrigation of operative wound and combination of both procedures on healing and relapse processes, following resection of Pliss lymphosarcoma at different stages after transplantation into rats. The physical condition of the animals after tumor resection on days 12, 10 or 7 of tumor growth was better than in controls, as a result of irrigation of the operative wound with Olipiphat or in combination with preliminary injections of the drug: they came out from anesthesia quicker, tidied themselves up and moved about the cage. Irrigation of the wound with Olipiphat or in combination with preliminary injections followed by longer survival after surgery performed at all stages of tumor growth. Moreover, one animal out of 16 in each of the 4 Olipiphat-treated groups survived 60 days recurrence-free. The drug proved more effective in stimulating the healing of larger wounds but contributed to healing by first intention in all cases.

[Cycloferon in treating duodenal ulcers in rats]. / Tsikloferon v terapii iazvy dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki u krys.

The possibility of using cycloferon (interferon inductor) for a complex treatment (in combination with the main drug solcoseryl possessing pronounced therapeutic properties) of duodenum ulcers was experimentally studied in male rats. The experiments showed a considerable difference in the interferon status of animals with model duodenum ulcers treated with cycloferon, solcoseryl, their combination, and placebo (control). The healing effect of solcoseryl administered in combination with cycloferon exceeded that of each component administered separately.

[Myoelectrical activity in the stomach during ulcerogenic exposure in rabbits]. / Mioélektricheskaia aktivnost' zheludka pri ul'tserogennykh vozdeistviiakh u krolikov.

Stomach myoelectrical activity changed the slow wave frequency and spike discharges under the effect of experimental injury in rabbits. High-amplitude fluctuations named the "injury potentials" appeared. Bensohexonium prevented the changes as well as ulceration. Metacin combined with proserin accelerated healing of the ulcer and the rate of stomach myoelectrical activity.