A novel acrylic orthodontic device for treatment of linguoverted mandibular canine teeth in small dogs.

Linguoverted mandibular canine teeth (LMC) is a common malocclusion in dogs. Several inclined bite-plane techniques using acrylic resin have been introduced to correct LMC in dogs. Although these techniques have suggested modifications to overcome shortcomings, there are still limitations; e.g., high technical sensitivity, as the viscous acrylic resin must still be fabricated in the oral cavity. The authors developed a novel method for small-breed dogs that uses a doughy acrylic resin form to achieve an easy intraoral design and extraoral fabrication. Eight small-breed dogs were presented to evaluate and treat malocclusion causing palatal trauma. First, a Class-1 malocclusion with linguoversion of the mandibular canine teeth (6 dogs with unilateral LMC and 2 dogs with bilateral) was diagnosed based on oral examination. Dogs were treated with the new method using a doughy acrylic resin form for 6 to 7 wk and had posttreatment follow-up 1 y after the procedure. All treated canine teeth were in correct positions 1 y after the appliances were removed. Key clinical message: The authors believe that the new method using a doughy acrylic resin form could be a good alternative for veterinarians to use when treating LMC.

Un nouveau dispositif orthodontique en acrylique pour le traitement des canines mandibulaires linguoverties chez les petits chiens. Les canines mandibulaires linguoverties (LMC) sont une malocclusion courante chez le chien. Plusieurs techniques de plan de morsure incliné utilisant de la résine acrylique ont été introduites pour corriger la LMC chez le chien. Bien que ces techniques aient suggéré des modifications pour surmonter les lacunes, elles présentent encore des limites; par exemple, une sensibilité technique élevée, car la résine acrylique visqueuse doit encore être fabriquée dans la cavité buccale. Les auteurs ont développé une nouvelle méthode pour les chiens de petite race qui utilise une forme pâteuse de résine acrylique pour obtenir une conception intra-orale et une fabrication extra-orale faciles. Huit chiens de petite race ont été présentés pour évaluer et traiter une malocclusion provoquant un traumatisme palatin. Tout d'abord, une malocclusion de classe 1 avec linguoversion des canines mandibulaires (6 chiens avec LMC unilatérale et 2 chiens avec bilatérale) a été diagnostiquée sur la base d'un examen oral. Les chiens ont été traités avec la nouvelle méthode en utilisant une forme pâteuse de résine acrylique pendant 6 à 7 semaines et ont fait l'objet d'un suivi post-traitement 1 an après la procédure. Toutes les canines traitées étaient dans la bonne position un an après le retrait des appareils.Message clinique clé:Les auteurs estiment que la nouvelle méthode utilisant une forme pâteuse de résine acrylique pourrait être une bonne alternative que les vétérinaires pourraient utiliser lors du traitement du LMC.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Outcomes of root canal treatments with three different sealers for 120 fractured maxillary fourth premolar teeth in small-to medium-sized dogs.

Introduction: Tooth fracture is one of the most common traumatic maxillofacial injuries in dogs and cats. For fractures with pulp exposure occurring in functionally important teeth, the literature indicates that root canal treatment (RCT) is an effective therapy option that may be the remedy of choice before extraction. The most commonly reported fractures in the United States involve canine teeth; however, fractures of the maxillary fourth premolars are more common in Korea, where there are many small-and medium-sized dogs. RCT mechanically and chemically removes pulp tissue and bacteria (cleaning and shaping) from the infected root canal, and obturates the root canal with filling material to restore tooth functionality without inflammation. Various techniques, instruments, and materials used in humans have been modified for application in veterinary dentistry. Methods: This study analyzed the results of RCT of the maxillary fourth premolar in 120 small-and medium-sized dogs (weighing less than 25 kg) using three different sealers (silicone-based sealer, bioceramic sealer, and calcium hydroxide-based sealer) through a simple application of the single-cone technique. Results: The overall success rate of RCT in maxillary fourth premolars was 90.83%, with 8.33% no evidence of failure (NEF) and 0.83% failure. Discussion: There were no significant differences between the three different sealers. Furthermore, preexisting periapical lesion (PAL) was reconfirmed as a factor in reducing the success rate of RCT. In addition, the working length and master apical file of each root were analyzed in our study as a novel reference for endodontic veterinarians.

Spontaneous recovery of underlying bony erosion following surgical removal of craniofacial dermoid cysts in periatric patients: A prospective study.

This study aimed to evaluate the spontaneous recovery of bone deformity after surgical excision of craniofacial dermoid cysts in pediatrics. Pediatric patients who underwent excision of a dermoid cyst were included in the study. A prospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the amount of bone recovery by comparing the depth of bony concavity in the preoperative and postoperative (6 months) ultrasonography. In 145 of 187 patients with preoperative imaging available, the mean size of dermoid cysts was 1.4 cm3 (range, 0.1 to 9.5), and 41.4% (60/145 cases) showed cranial bone depression. In the comparison of preoperative and postoperative ultrasonography of 30 patients, the mean depth of bony cavity decreased significantly from 4.0 to 0.9 mm (p<0.001) after a mean of 6.7 months postoperatively. There was 13.3% (4/30) of mild (≤2.0 mm), 40.0% (12/30) of moderate (>2.0 to ≤4.0 mm), and 46.7% (14/30) of severe (>4.0 mm) depression, and the concavity depth significantly decreased in all groups (p = 0.028, mild; p<0.001, moderate; p<0.001 severe). Within the limitations of the study it seems that significant recovery of cranial bone depression does take place within 6 months after excision of craniofacial dermoid cysts in pediatric patients, saving the need for immediate reconstruction.

Treponema denticola as a prognostic biomarker for periodontitis in dogs.

Periodontal disease is one of the most common disorders in the oral cavity of dogs and humans. Periodontitis, the irreversible periodontal disease, arises progressively from gingivitis, the reversible inflammatory condition caused by dental plaque. Although the etiology of periodontitis has been widely studied in humans, it is still insufficient for the etiological studies on periodontitis in dogs. Many studies have reported that human periodontitis-related bacteria are putative pathogens responsible for periodontitis in dogs. However, most of these studies have focused on the appearance of a specific microbiome, and most of the cohort studies have insufficient sample sizes to generalize their results. In the present study, subgingival samples collected from 336 teeth were categorized into three groups at first, based on clinical outcomes (healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis). Subsequently, the periodontitis samples were further divided into three subgroups (early, moderate, and advanced periodontitis) according to the degree of periodontal attachment loss. Healthy and gingivitis were grouped as a reversible group, and the three subgroups were grouped as an irreversible group. To investigate trends of periodontopathic bacteria in the samples of dogs, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for quantification of 11 human periodontopathic bacteria as follows: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola (Td), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens. The PCR results showed that Aa and Pg, the representative periodontopathic bacteria, were not significantly correlated or associated with the periodontitis cases in dogs. However, interestingly, Td was strongly associated with the irreversible periodontal disease in dogs, in that it was the most prevalent bacterium detected from the dog samples. These findings indicate that the presence and numbers of Td could be used as a prognostic biomarker in predicting the irreversible periodontal disease and the disease severity in dogs.

Location of the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe of the human liver with special reference to the configuration of hepatic portal vein branches.

The topographic anatomy of the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe of the human liver has not been clearly described to date. To this end we hypothesize the existence of a precaudate plane, a flat or slightly curved plane defined by the ventral margins of the ligamentum venosum and the hilar plate. Using 76 cadaveric livers, we investigated whether the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe extended ventral to this plane and whether the paracaval caudate branch of the portal vein (PC) ran through this plane to its ventral side. In 28 of the specimens (36.8%), the PC extended over the plane to a variable depth: less than 10 mm in 10 specimens, 10-20 mm in 10, and more than 20 mm in eight specimens. This ventral extension of the PC consistently included its penetration into the dome-like area under the terminals of the three major hepatic veins; therefore, the ventrally extended PC often interdigitated with these veins and their tributaries (in practice, the ventral margin of the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe could generally be considered to run alongside the middle hepatic vein). Moreover, the ventral extension of the PC often reached the upper, diaphragmatic surface or the dorsal surface of the liver immediately to the right of the inferior vena cava. Several branches (termed border branches) in the ventral extension were difficult to identify as belonging to the PC. We discuss both the marginal configuration of the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe and how to identify and operate on the ventrally extended PC and related border branches during liver surgery.