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Background: Chagas cardiomyopathy (CHCM) is the most important clinical manifestation of Chagas disease. The analysis of cardiac miRNAs may contribute to predicting the progression to CHCM in Chagas indeterminate phase and/or to the differential diagnosis for cardiomyopathy. Methods: We carried out a case-control study to identify circulating miRNAs associated with CHCM. We assigned 104 participants to four groups: healthy controls (HC), Chagas non-cardiomyopathy controls, CHCM cases, and ischemic cardiomyopathy controls. We performed a clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory evaluation and profiled circulating miRNA in the serum samples. Results: Differences between groups were observed in clinical variables and in the analysis of miRNAs. Compared to HC, CHCM participants had 4 over-expressed and 6 under-expressed miRNAs; miR-95-3p and miR-130b-3p were upregulated in CHCM compared with controls, Chagas non-cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy participants, suggesting that might be a hallmark of CHCM. Analysis of gene targets associated with cardiac injury yielded results of genes involved in arrhythmia generation, cardiomegaly, and hypertrophy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the expression of circulating miRNAs identified by deep sequencing in CHCM could be associated with different cardiac phenotypes in CHCM subjects, compared with Chagas non-CHCM, ischemic cardiomyopathy controls, and healthy controls.
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Intramyocardial dissecting hematoma is a form of cardiac rupture caused by myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or trauma. It is a cavity between myocardial fibers caused by partial rupture of the ventricular wall. Therapeutic management, including the timing for surgical approach, has not been standardized. We present a case series describing 4 patients. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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El fenómeno de no reflow consiste en la inadecuada perfusión de una región miocárdica luego de un período de isquemia, a pesar del restablecimiento del flujo epicárdico en la arteria que irriga dicha área. La ocurrencia de este fenómeno se asocia a peor pronóstico aunque su manejo es controvertido al no existir, hasta el momento, una terapia sólidamente establecida. El advenimiento de las nuevas técnicas de imágenes, como la tomografía cardíaca, permitió caracterizar de manera más precisa la repercusión miocárdica del fenómeno de no reflow. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con infarto inferior derivado a nuestro centro para angioplastia primaria, el cual se complicó con fenómeno de no reflow; posteriormente revisamos esta entidad clínica.
The no-reflow phenomenon is the inadequate perfusion of a myocardial area after an ischemic period, even though the epicardial flow is restored in the artery irrigating that area. The occurrence of this phenomenon is associated to a worse prognosis; although its management is controversial since there is no well-established therapy so far. The advent of new imaging techniques, such as cardiac tomography, has made it possible to describe myocardial repercussion of the no-reflow phenomenon more accurately. We are presenting the case of a patient with lower infarction referred to our center for a primary angioplasty, complicated with no-reflow phenomenon. Subsequently, we reviewed this clinical entity.
Assuntos
Relatos de Casos , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Fenômeno de não Refluxo , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Infarto do MiocárdioRESUMO
Introducción: Los traslados interhospitalarios de pacientes críticos son frecuentes en nuestro medio; sin embargo, a pesar de la existencia de servicios de traslados médicos de emergencia tanto en el ámbito público como privado, no se han generado publicaciones científicas relacionadas con traslado de pacientes críticos que permitan conocer su funcionamiento, planificación y resultados. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de traslado interhospitalario de pacientes con patología cardiovascular. Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico. Se relevaron los traslados interhospitalarios por vía terrestre de pacientes ingresados a una unidad coronaria de tercer nivel entre abril de 2014 y abril de 2015. Se encuestó al médico de traslado. Se relevaron además las complicaciones relacionadas con el traslado y la mortalidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se analizaron 214 traslados. Mediana de tiempo de traslado: 30 minutos (IIC 18,5-50). El 16,1% de los traslados se consideraron de riesgo alto, el 71,2% de riesgo moderado y el 12,7% de riesgo bajo, según un puntaje validado. Los principales diagnósticos fueron síndrome coronario agudo (66,8%), insuficiencia cardíaca (8,9%) y bradiarritmia o bloqueo (3,7%). El 73,5% de los traslados de riesgo alto se realizaron con móviles de alta complejidad y entre los de riesgo bajo y moderado, el 30,8% y el 28,9%, respectivamente, se efectuaron con móviles de baja complejidad. El 50% de los traslados fueron realizados por médicos residentes. El 10,8% presentaron alguna complicación durante el traslado y/o durante la primera hora. Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en traslados de riesgo alto y se asociaron con mortalidad hospitalaria. No existió asociación entre mayor riesgo de traslado estimado y mayor complejidad del móvil (p = 0,6). Conclusión: La programación de traslados no fue adecuada. El riesgo calculado de los traslados fue predominantemente bajo, con una elevada proporción de complicaciones graves, que impactaron en la mortalidad hospitalaria.
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background: Early management of myocardial infarction in the area of public health requires the integration of specific programs for the coordination of healthcare services. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on delay times and reperfusion rate of a comprehensive program for the reperfusion of myocardial infarction in a hospital network of the Southern Greater Buenos Aires. Methods: The network consists of six low-mid-complexity hospitals and a third-level referral center with 24-hour cath-lab. Stage 1 of the program (2009-2010) evaluated the existing barriers to reperfusion; Stage 2 (2011-2013) implemented the progressive incorpora-tion of improvements and Stage 3 assessed the program (2013-2014) complemented with fellows in each hospital. Program impact was evaluated by the proportion of patients reperfused and time to its implementation. results: A total of 432 patients referred from the network were hospitalized with diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Mean age was 56±9 years and 83.3% were men. The proportion of reperfused patients progressively increased: S1 60.7%, S2 69% and S3 78%, p for trend=0.01. Time to reperfusion decreased significantly between S1 and S3, from 120 minutes (IQR 55-240) to 90 minutes (IQR 35-150), p=0.04, with a median reduction of 30 minutes in the door-to-balloon and door-to-needle times. Conclusions: The application of a program for myocardial reperfusion based on the diagnosis of barriers was associated with 28.5% increase in reperfusion, and a significant reduction in the implementation times. This public network model built on algorithms adapted to local barriers may contribute to improve the care of myocardial infarction in our country.