[High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in neonates]. / Oxigenoterapia de alto flujo con cánula nasal en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda en neonatos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the availability of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was associated with a decrease in need for mechanical ventilation in neonates hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: A combined retrospective and prospective (ambispective) cohort study was performed in a type II-B Neonatal Unit, including hospitalised neonates with acute bronchiolitis after the introduction of HFNC (HFNC-period; October 2011-April 2015). They were compared with a historical cohort prior to the availability of this technique (pre-HFNC; January 2008-May 2011). The need for mechanical ventilation between the two study groups was analysed. Clinical parameters and technique-related complications were evaluated in neonates treated with HFNC. RESULTS: A total of 112 neonates were included, 56 after the introduction of HFNC and 56 from the period before the introduction of HFNC. None of patients in the HFNC-period required intubation, compared with 3.6% of the patients in the pre-HFNC group. The availability of HFNC resulted in a significant decrease in the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (30.4% vs 10.7%; P=.01), with a relative risk (RR) of .353 (95% CI; .150-.829), an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 19.6% (95% CI; 5.13 - 34.2), yielding a NNT of 5. In the HFNC-period, 22 patients received high flow therapy, and 22.7% (95% CI; 7.8 to 45.4) required non-invasive ventilation. Treatment with HFNC was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate (P=.03), respiratory rate (P=.01), and an improvement in the Wood-Downes Férres score (P=.00). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of HFNC reduces the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, allowing a safe and effective medical management of neonates with acute bronchiolitis.

Pregnancy outcomes after kidney transplantation-immunosuppressive therapy comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal, neonatal and graft outcomes after pregnancy in patients with kidney transplantation, and to compare the immunosuppressive therapies used. METHODS: Review of 29 pregnancies in 23 patients with kidney transplantation, managed at La Fe University Hospital, Valencia. Immunosuppressive therapies with Cyclosporine-A, Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate mofetil and Azathioprine were compared. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in perinatal or maternal complications, with respect to the immunosuppressive therapy used. There were no differences between therapy and graft survival. Maternal complications occurred in 25 out of 28 deliveries. The most common were anemia (75%) and hypertension (53.6%). Of the 29 pregnancies, 26 were live deliveries, two were stillbirths and one was a miscarriage. The median birth weight of newborns was 2650 g (900-4350 g). From the 28 deliveries, maternal complications were reported in 25 patients. Perinatal complications were recorded in 55.6% of the patients, with prematurity being the most common (44.4%) type. One malformation was reported, this was a cleft palate in a 25 year old patient who was treated with mycophenolate mofetil. CONCLUSION: Pregnancies in patients with kidney transplantation should be considered high-risk pregnancies because of the higher rate of maternal and perinatal complications. Immunosuppressive therapies have not shown differences in maternal or perinatal outcomes.