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2.
Front Physiol ; 14: 1127669, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36875040

RESUMO

This study aims to compare the effects of standard warm-up versus warm-up using stretching exercises on the physical performance of male youth soccer players. Eighty-five male soccer players (age: 10.3 ± 4.3 years; body mass index: 19.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were assessed for countermovement jump height (CMJ, cm), 10 m, 20 m and 30 m running sprint speed (s) and ball kicking speed (km/h) for the dominant and non-dominant leg under five (randomized) warm-up conditions. Using 72 h of recovery between conditions, the participants completed a control condition (CC) and four experimental conditions, including static stretching (SSC), dynamic stretching (DSC), ballistic stretching (BSC), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNFC) exercises. All warm-up conditions had a duration of 10 minutes. The main results indicate that no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between warm-up conditions compared to CC in CMJ (CC = 28.1 ± 4.9; SSC = 28.4 ± 4.9; DSC = 30.9 ± 4.8; BSC = 30.9 ± 5.2; PNFC = 28.4 ± 5.0), 10 m sprint (CC = 2.42 ± 0.4; SSC = 2.50 ± 0.4; DSC = 2.30 ± 0.3; BSC = 2.27 ± 0.3; PNFC = 2.53 ± 0.4), 20 m sprint (CC = 5.42 ± 0.9; SSC = 5.59 ± 0.9; DSC = 5.37 ± 0.9; BSC = 5.40 ± 0.9; PNFC = 5.44 ± 0.9), 30 m sprint (CC = 8.05 ± 1.3; SSC = 8.27 ± 1.3; DSC = 8.01 ± 1.3; BSC = 8.00 ± 1.3; PNFC = 8.12 ± 1.3), ball kicking speed for dominant (CC = 56.2 ± 4.9; SSC = 55.3 ± 5.2; DSC = 56.9 ± 5.8; BSC = 57.3 ± 5.8; PNFC = 55.7 ± 5.2) and non-dominant leg (CC = 52.8 ± 3.4; SSC = 51.8 ± 4.6; DSC = 53.5 ± 5.4; BSC = 53.6 ± 4.9; PNFC = 52.5 ± 4.0). In conclusion, compared to standard warm-up, stretching-based warm-up exerts no effect on male youth soccer players jump height, sprint speed and ball kicking speed.

3.
Acta Bioeng Biomech ; 24(2): 37-45, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38314466

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to describe and compare the acute response of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) in the vastus lateralis (VL) during resistance exercise protocols until failure. METHODS: Sixteen males were considered (mean ± SD, age = 36.12 ± 6.40 years). Two familiarization sessions and one evaluation session were carried out where three force protocols were executed in the VL, one of them was isometric load (P1) and two of dynamic load (P2 and P3). SmO2 [%] and Hgb [g/dL] were measured before and after each of these protocols. For P1, three series of 8 s of maximum isometric strength with the rest of 60 s between each set, the average isometric strength (AIS), and the isometric peak strength (IPS) were also recorded. After five minutes, P2 was performed, with an initial load of 40% of AIS. Then, at 30 minutes, P3 was performed considering an initial load of 40% of IPS. RESULTS: The results suggest (I) minimum levels of SmO2 (66.31 ± 9.38%) and Hgb (12.22 ± 0.55 g/dL) during P2, (II) no significant differences were observed between the average loads of the respective protocols for SmO2 and (III) muscle Hgb differed significantly between rest with P1 and P3. CONCLUSIONS: Exercises of increasing intensity and of short duration do not significantly modify SmO2. However, Hgb increases substantially compared baseline values.

4.
Front Nutr ; 8: 745907, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34869522

RESUMO

Background: Low metabolic flexibility (MetF) may be an underlying factor for metabolic health impairment. Individuals with low MetF are thus expected to have worse metabolic health than subjects with high MetF. Therefore, we aimed to compare metabolic health in individuals with contrasting MetF to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: In individuals with excess body weight, we measured MetF as the change in respiratory quotient (RQ) from fasting to 1 h after ingestion of a 75-g glucose load (i.e., OGTT). Individuals were then grouped into low and high MetF (Low-MetF n = 12; High-MetF n = 13). The groups had similar body mass index, body fat, sex, age, and maximum oxygen uptake. Metabolic health markers (clinical markers, insulin sensitivity/resistance, abdominal fat, and intrahepatic fat) were compared between groups. Results: Fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were similar between groups. So were insulin sensitivity/resistance, visceral, and intrahepatic fat. Nevertheless, High-MetF individuals had higher diastolic blood pressure, a larger drop in TG concentration during the OGTT, and a borderline significant (P = 0.05) higher Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT). Further, compared to Low-MetF, High-MetF individuals had an about 2-fold steeper slope for the relationship between SAT and fat mass index. Conclusion: Individuals with contrasting MetF to an OGTT had similar metabolic health. Yet High-MetF appears related to enhanced circulating TG clearance and enlarged subcutaneous fat.

5.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(1): 274-281, feb. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385321

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The appropriate dosage of resistance training could promote physical and physiological adaptations and decrease injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the different intra-set rest after eight weeks of resistance training on morphological variables, maximal strength, and jump performance in physically active university students. Twenty-five students (15 men and 10 women) were randomized by sex and distributed in Control Group (CG) (n=8) with rest only at the end of the series; Experimental Group 1 (EG1) (n=9) with an intra-set rest of 30 s, and Experimental Group 2 (EG2) (n=8) with four intra-set rest of 10 s. Morphological variables [body weight, bipedal height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and muscle mass], maximum upper body strength (bench press and military press), lower body strength [parallel squat (45°) and deadlift], as well as countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured. All three groups obtained a significant increase (p0.05); thereby, there is an equivalent increase in muscle mass, maximal strength, jump performance, and a fat mass reduction.


RESUMEN: La dosificación adecuada de ejercicios de resistencia muscular permite favorecer adaptaciones físicas y fisiológicas, y reducir lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de distintos tiempos de descanso intra-serie luego de ocho semanas de ejercicios de resistencia muscular sobre variables morfológicas, fuerza máxima y saltabilidad en estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos. Veinticinco estudiantes (15 hombres y 10 mujeres) fueron aleatorizados por sexo y distribuidos en: grupo control (GC) (n=8) con descanso sólo al final de la serie; grupo experimental 1 (GE1) (n=9) con un descanso intra-serie de 30 s y grupo experimental 2 (GE2) (n=8) con cuatro descansos intra-serie de 10 s. Se midieron variables morfológicas [peso corporal, estatura bípeda, índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa adiposa y masa muscular], fuerza máxima del tren superior (press de banco plano y press militar) e inferior [sentadilla paralela (45°) y peso muerto] y saltabilidad con el salto contramovimiento (CMJ). Se obtuvo un aumento significativo (p<0,01) del peso corporal e IMC y, una reducción significativa (p<0,01) de la masa adiposa en los tres grupos. La masa muscular aumentó significativamente (p<0,01) en el GC y GE1. La fuerza máxima del tren superior e inferior aumentaron significativamente (p<0,05) en los tres grupos y para todos los ejercicios, mientras que el CMJ aumentó significativamente en el GC y GE1. No existen diferencias significativas entre distintos tiempos de descanso intra-serie cuando se utiliza el mismo volumen, intensidad y descanso total durante las series de ejercicios, logrando un aumento equivalente en masa muscular, fuerza máxima, saltabilidad y reducción de la masa adiposa.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Descanso , Estudantes , Exercício Físico , Antropometria , Força Muscular , Treinamento Resistido , Universidades , Índice de Massa Corporal
6.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 14(12): 1141-1157, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32811209

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Recent data suggest that loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia) is highly prevalent and frequently overlooked in NAFLD patients. Experimental and clinical data suggest that the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia is pathophysiologically complex and bi-directional and there is a growing interest in unveiling how sarcopenia could influence NAFLD development and progression. AREAS COVERED: PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for articles related to concomitant occurrence of NAFLD and sarcopenia between January 2013 and April 2020. Areas covered in this review include: (1) updated sarcopenia diagnosis strategy, (2) discussion of current data on pathophysiological connections between NAFLD and sarcopenia, and (3) analysis of current and future therapeutic implications of this knowledge. EXPERT OPINION: Clinical studies describe a consistent association between NAFLD and sarcopenia, although a cause-effect relation remains to be determined. Active implementation of current diagnosis algorithms and optimized treatment can prevent sarcopenia related complications in subjects with NAFLD. Pathogenic pathways implicated in this relation are multiple and complex, a better understanding of them can provide novel biomarkers and targeted therapies that will hopefully have an important impact in NAFLD management.


Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Sarcopenia/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Sarcopenia/complicações , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/terapia
7.
Obesity (Silver Spring) ; 28(6): 1110-1116, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32369268

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) measured during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and a prolonged fast. This study also analyzed the association between MetFlex and metabolic health. METHODS: Eighteen healthy men (mean [SD]: 22 [2] years old; BMI: 22 [1] kg/m2 ) performed two sessions: (1) euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (2 mIU/kg of insulin per minute) and (2) ~20-hour fast. Clamp MetFlex corresponded to the change in (Δ) respiratory quotient (RQ) (ΔRQ = postchallenge RQ - prechallenge RQ) adjusted for M value and prechallenge RQ. Prolonged fast MetFlex corresponded to the ΔRQ adjusted for the Δß-hydroxybutyrate and prechallenge RQ. RESULTS: MetFlex during the clamp related directly with MetFlex during prolonged fast (r = 0.59, P = 0.014). Using the median of MetFlex for each challenge, this study split participants into high or low MetFlex. Participants with high or low MetFlex to both challenges were identified. Participants with high MetFlex had 3% lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than participants with low MetFlex (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Measuring MetFlex during a clamp or a prolonged fast produces similar results, despite challenging the oxidation of different substrates. An impaired MetFlex in response to these challenges may be an early event in the development of abnormal lipid metabolism.


Assuntos
Jejum/fisiologia , Técnica Clamp de Glucose/métodos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Insulina/sangue , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
8.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 44(4): 10-17, dic-2019. Artículo de investigación
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145756

RESUMO

Introducción: la normativa actual de docencia clínica regula el desarrollo de actividades curriculares disminuyendo el tiempo de con-tacto estudiante-paciente, requiriendo entre otras destrezas del estudiante la lectura eficiente de información clínica. La simulación permite desarrollar competencias clínicas en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la experiencia de talleres de fichas clínicas simuladas (FCS) en estudiantes curriculares y reportar indicadores de logro de objetivos de aprendizaje relacionados al reconocimiento de las partes de la ficha clínica e identificación y extracción de información relevante. Metodología: en una asignatura de carácter mínimo previo al encuentro de estudiantes con pacientes reales, se desarrollaron cuatro talleres de FCS en grupo pequeño. Un académico guió la actividad consistente en responder cuestionarios de ubicación de información presente en las FCS. Al finalizar la asignatura, se evaluó la percepción de la didáctica educativa y logro de objetivos de aprendizaje en tutores clínicos y estudiantes mediante encuesta. Resultados: los estudiantes reportaron alta satisfacción con la metodología, facilidad para extraer información relevante y mayor tiempo de contacto clínico con pacientes reales. Los tutores clínicos informaron que los estudiantes logran reconocer las partes de la ficha clínica. Ambos consideran que el tiempo ideal para lectura de ficha clínica es de 10 a 20 minutos.Conclusión: la incorporación de talleres de fichas clínicas simuladas desarrolló habilidades clínicas de reconocimiento de las partes que componen la ficha clínica, optimizando el tiempo necesario para identificar y extraer información relevante a diferentes escenarios clínicos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cinesiologia Aplicada , Raciocínio Clínico
9.
J Sports Sci ; 37(23): 2653-2659, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31419921

RESUMO

This study assessed the intra-individual reliability of oxygen saturation in intercostal muscles (SmO2-m.intercostales) during an incremental maximal treadmill exercise by using portable NIRS devices in a test-retest study. Fifteen marathon runners (age, 24.9 ± 2.0 years; body mass index, 21.6 ± 2.3 kg·m-2; V̇O2-peak, 63.7 ± 5.9 mL·kg-1·min-1) were tested on two separate days, with a 7-day interval between the two measurements. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2) was assessed using the breath-by-breath method during the V̇O2-test, while SmO2 was determined using a portable commercial device, based in the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) principle. The minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), and tidal volume (Vt) were also monitored during the cardiopulmonary exercise test. For the SmO2-m.intercostales, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at rest, first (VT1) and second ventilatory (VT2) thresholds, and maximal stages were 0.90, 0.84, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively; the confidence intervals ranged from -10.8% - +9.5% to -15.3% - +12.5%. The reliability was good at low intensity (rest and VT1) and excellent at high intensity (VT2 and max). The Spearman correlation test revealed (p ≤ 0.001) an inverse association of SmO2-m.intercostales with V̇O2 (ρ = -0.64), VE (ρ = -0.73), RR (ρ = -0.70), and Vt (ρ = -0.63). The relationship with the ventilatory variables showed that increased breathing effort during exercise could be registered adequately using a NIRS portable device.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Músculos Intercostais/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/instrumentação , Trabalho Respiratório/fisiologia , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Taxa Respiratória/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(4): 846-853, 2019 Aug 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31232578

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: given the characteristics of soccer, the tendency in the selection of these athletes and their allocation in certain game positions has been conditioned by the morphological characteristics that they present, so that the knowledge of anthropometric particularities by playing position is a relevant antecedent for the technical bodies of professional football. The objective of the present investigation is to identify and compare the anthropometric characteristics by playing position of Chilean professional soccer players. Methods: a total of 390 professional male soccer players, from 15 Chilean professional clubs, were evaluated morphologically by means of the measurement of 25 anthropometric variables, with which the body composition, the somatotype and the Z-score of Phantom were estimated. A Chi-square test with significance level of p < 0.05 was used to compare the variables between groups using SPSS software others players (greater adipose and muscular mass). As for a sample of active subjects, soccer players have a significantly different body composition, similarly occurs when compared to Phantom, where height, weight and muscle mass are greater and fat mass is lower. Conclusion: professional footballers differ by game position compared to other non-sports players and Phantom.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: dadas las características del fútbol, la tendencia en la selección de estos deportistas y su asignación en determinadas posiciones de juego se han visto condicionadas por las características morfológicas que estos presenten, por lo que el conocimiento de las particularidades antropométricas por posición de juego es un antecedente relevante para los cuerpos técnicos del fútbol de élite. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar y comparar las características antropométricas por posición de juego de jugadores de fútbol profesional chileno. Métodos: un total de 390 futbolistas profesionales varones, pertenecientes a 15 clubes profesionales chilenos, fueron evaluados morfológicamente mediante la medición de 25 variables antropométricas, con las que se estimaron la composición corporal, el somatótipo y los Z-score de Phantom. Para la comparación de las variables entre los grupos se utilizó una prueba Chi-cuadrado con nivel de significancia de p < 0,05, utilizando el software SPSS versión 21. Resultados: se observan diferencias entre las posiciones de juego, especialmente entre los porteros y el resto de los jugadores (p < 0,001), quienes presentan más de 2 kg de masa muscular y más de 1,8 kg de masa adiposa, frente a las otras posiciones de juego. Respecto de una muestra se sujetos activos, los futbolistas presentan una composición corporal significativamente distinta; de igual manera ocurre al comparar con Phantom, donde la estatura, el peso y la masa muscular son mayores y la masa adiposa es menor. Conclusión: los futbolistas profesionales presentan diferencias por posición de juego y en comparación a otros sujetos no deportistas y a Phantom.


Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Composição Corporal , Futebol , Somatotipos , Adiposidade , Adulto , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Futebol/classificação
11.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(2): 379-386, 2019 Apr 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30864450

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: child excess weight has been associated with obesity in adulthood and, as a consequence, increased risk of death due to cardiometabolic factors. Objective: to identify whether BMI reflects changes in the content and distribution of fat/adipose tissue and the cardiometabolic risk in children between six and nine years old. Material and methods: participants were 537 children (59.8% women) randomly selected. BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI), body composition, nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk were determined. Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Chi-square and diagnostic concordance were applied. An alpha ≤ 0.05 was considered. Results: direct and significant correlations between nutritional status and the anthropometric parameters studied are shown, except for the percentage of adiposity. There were significant variations (p < 0.05) in the percentage of fat and adiposity according to nutritional status of the sample. In addition, there was consistency between the variation of the nutritional status with the cardiometabolic risk evaluated trough WC and WHI. Conclusion: BMI identifies the differences in the amount of fat/adipose tissue in the children between six and nine years old when categorized according to nutritional status. In addition, it reflects direct association with cardiometabolic risk.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el exceso de peso infantil se ha asociado con obesidad en la etapa adulta y, por consecuencia, mayor riesgo de muerte por factores cardiometabólicos. Objetivo: identificar si el índice de masa corporal (IMC) refleja cambios en el contenido y la distribución del tejido graso/adiposo y el riesgo cardiometabólico en niños y niñas de seis a nueve años. Material y métodos: participaron 537 niños (59,8% mujeres) seleccionados aleatoriamente. Las variables estudiadas correspondieron al IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura-estatura (ICE), composición corporal, estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico. Se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Pearson y Chi-cuadrado para la relación de las variables junto con la aplicación de un test de proporciones. Se aplicaron las pruebas t de Student para muestras no pareadas, ANOVA una vía y concordancia diagnóstica en la comparación entre grupos. Se consideró un alfa ≤ 0,05 para todos los casos. Resultados: se exhiben correlaciones directas y significativas entre el estado nutricional con los parámetros antropométricos estudiados, excepto el porcentaje de adiposidad. Se aprecian variaciones significativas (p < 0,05) en el porcentaje de grasa y adiposidad según estado nutricional de la muestra. Además, existe consistencia entre la variación del estado nutricional con el riesgo cardiometabólico evaluado a través del PC e ICE. Conclusión: el IMC identifica las diferencias en la cantidad de tejido graso/adiposo en niños y niñas situados entre los seis y los nueve años al ser categorizados según estado nutricional. Además, refleja asociación directa con el riesgo cardiometabólico.


Assuntos
Adiposidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Composição Corporal , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Metabólicas/mortalidade , Estado Nutricional , Risco , Circunferência da Cintura
12.
J Aging Phys Act ; 27(2): 265-275, 2019 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29989461

RESUMO

This systematic review analyzes the evidence of the effects of physical activity governmental programs oriented toward the health of independent older adults. Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were used for data mining, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols recommendations were followed. Five studies (n = 2,545 participants) fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. The physical activity programs had beneficial effects on the older adults' quality of life, fall risk, activities of daily living, physical activity levels, nutritional risk, body mass index, arterial pressure, resting heart rate, blood glucose, triglycerides, and/or cholesterol, but did not significantly alter their body fat mass percentage. Programs involving diverse physical capacities seem to be more effective for healthy aging. It is recommended that governments start to disseminate the outcomes of these programs within society and the scientific community.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Programas Governamentais/normas , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Nível de Saúde , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Envelhecimento Saudável , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
13.
Kinesiologia ; 38(1): 3-9, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121955

RESUMO

RESUMEN El aumento del trabajo respiratorio (work of breathing, WOB) es uno de los problemas kinesiológicos frecuentes en el quehacer clínico. Un desafío profesional es contar con valores de variables fisiológicas que permitan objetivar el WOB facilitando así su interpretación entre los diferentes profesionales de la salud. El uso de dispositivos portátiles que registran la longitud de onda cercana al rango infrarrojo (680- 820 nm, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)) en músculos superficiales permite obtener valores de hemoglobina total unida a oxígeno (tHb) y oxigenación muscular local (SmO2), variables relacionadas al trabajo muscular pues reportan el flujo sanguíneo en la microcirculación y consumo de oxígeno local, respectivamente. Estos dispositivos situados en musculatura intercostal nos informan el WOB asociado a la respiración. Para evaluar esto, se analizó el comportamiento de tHb y SmO2 en m. intercostal en 20 corredores de maratón durante la valoración de consumo de oxígeno máximo (VO2- max), instancia que implica aumento sostenido e incremental de la ventilación pulmonar (��E), y por tanto de la actividad muscular respiratoria. El aumento de V E en 128,4 L·min-1 ( ��E (máximo-reposo)) implicó una disminución en SmO2- m.intercostal del 34% ( SmO2 (reposo-máximo)), sin cambios en tHb (p=0,805). La tuvo una correlación inversa con SmO2-m.intercostal (rho=-0.565; p=0,001). Se concluye que la valoración de SmO2-m.intercostal es una forma novedosa de objetivar el WOB en sujetos sanos. Conocer la aplicabilidad clínica requiere de otros estudios que evalúen esta herramienta en pacientes con disfunciones cardiorrespiratorias, lo que permitiría incorporar su uso en nuestro desarrollo clínico profesional.


The work of breathing (WOB) increased is a commonkinesiological problems at the clinical practice. A professional challenge is to have values of physiological variables that allows to objective the WOB, thus facilitating its interpretation among different health professionals. The use of portable devices that measure by spectroscopy the near-infrared wavelength (680-820 nm) atsuperficial muscles allows to obtain values of total hemoglobin linked to oxygen (tHb) and local muscle oxygenation (SmO2), variables related to muscle work because give information of the blood flow at the microcirculation and local oxygen consumption, respectively. These devices located at the m.intercostal could give information about the WOB associated to breathing. To evaluate this, the tHb and SmO2 of the m.intercostal in 20 marathon runners were analyzed while they doing the maximum oxygen consumption test (VO2-max), an exercise that increase the pulmonary ventilation and the respiratory muscle activity. The increase of V E (128,4 L·min-1((max-rest)) implied a decrease in SmO2- m.intercostal (34% ( SmO2 (max-rest)), without changes in tHb (p=0.805). The showedan negative correlation to SmO2-m.intercostal (rho= -0.565; p=0.001). It is concluded that the assessment of SmO2-m.intercostal is a novel way to measure the WOB in healthy subjects. Their clinical applicability requires more studies that applied this tool in patients with cardiorespiratory dysfunctions, facilitating their incorporation in the professional clinical practice.

14.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(6): 682-690, nov.-dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-903836

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Asociar los índices antropométricos de salud con la condición física de las mujeres mayores (MM) que participan en talleres de ejercicio físico. Material y métodos: Participaron 272 mujeres chilenas mayores de 60 años. Las variables correspondieron al IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura estatura (ICE) y condición física (CF). Se realizaron correlaciones a través del coeficiente de Pearson o Spearman, y asociaciones bivariadas mediante ji cuadrada de Pearson y el test exacto de Fisher, considerando un p<0.05. Resultados: De las MM, 70.8% alcanzó sobrepeso u obesidad; y 68.8% y 96% riesgo cardiometabólico de acuerdo con PC e ICE, respectivamente. Su CF presentó un rendimiento igual (53.5%) o superior (33.8%) según su edad y sexo. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico con las pruebas de CF (excepto la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, en donde la relación fue directa), y asociación directa con juntar manos. Conclusiones: El exceso de peso en MM físicamente activas no afecta su rendimiento físico-funcional; sin embargo, el riesgo cardiometabólico se asocia inversamente con la funcionalidad motriz.


Abstract: Objective: To associate health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness of elderly women (EW) who participate in physical exercise workshops. Materials and methods: 272 Chilean women over 60 years took part in the study. The variables studied were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI) and physical fitness (PF). Correlations were made through the Pearson or Spearman coefficient, and bivariate associations using Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. Results: 70.8% of the EW were overweight or obese; 68.8% and 96% were at cardiometabolic risk due to their WC and WHI, respectively. Their PF showed equal performance (53.5%) or higher (33.8%) according to their age and gender. Inverse correlations were found between nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk with PF tests (except for agility and dynamic balance [direct]), and direct association with back scratch test. Conclusions: Excess weight in physically active EW would not affect their physical-functional performance; however, cardiometabolic risk would be inversely associated with motor function.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Exercício Físico , Antropometria , Aptidão Física , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Estado Nutricional , Risco , Estudos Transversais , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia
15.
Nutr Hosp ; 34(5): 1073-1079, 2017 Oct 24.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29130704

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Programs focused on active aging do not always have actions to guide the elderly about healthy eating. Therefore, the concordance between the feeding habits and the morphological characteristics of this population group is little known. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the anthropometric health indexes with the frequency of food consumption in physically active elderly (PAE). METHODS: The sample consisted of 307 physically active Chilean elders of both sexes (8.4% males), with a mean age of 70.2 years. The studied variables corresponded to nutritional status, abdominal adiposity, cardiovascular risk and frequency of food consumption. A logistic regression model was applied, considering alpha < 0.05. RESULTS: Fruit intake (OR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92) and water consumption (OR = 0.20; CI 95%, 0.04-0.90) are shown as protective factors for obesity; on the other hand, alcohol consumption (OR = 4.19; 95% CI, 1.03-17.02) and sweet snacks (OR = 10.68; 95% CI, 1.85-61.74) are presented as risk factors for obesity. In addition, vegetable intake (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.92) was associated as a protective factor against abdominal adiposity and sweet snack consumption (OR = 6.45; 95% CI, 1.08-38.43) as a factor to present cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION: The PAE that are more frequent in the consumption of healthy foods also show better nutritional status, abdominal adiposity and lower cardiovascular risk than active Chilean elderly who exhibit less healthy eating behavior.


Assuntos
Antropometria , Ingestão de Alimentos , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Nível de Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Composição Corporal , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos
16.
Salud Publica Mex ; 59(6): 682-690, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29451638

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To associate health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness of elderly women (EW) who participate in physical exercise workshops. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 272 Chilean women over 60 years took part in the study. The variables studied were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI) and physical fitness (PF). Correlations were made through the Pearson or Spearman coefficient, and bivariate associations using Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: 70.8% of the EW were overweight or obese; 68.8% and 96% were at cardiometabolic risk due to their WC and WHI, respectively. Their PF showed equal performance (53.5%) or higher (33.8%) according to their age and gender. Inverse correlations were found between nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk with PF tests (except for agility and dynamic balance [direct]), and direct association with back scratch test. CONCLUSIONS: Excess weight in physically active EW would not affect their physical-functional performance; however, cardiometabolic risk would be inversely associated with motor function.


OBJETIVO: Asociar los índices antropométricos de salud con la condición física de las mujeres mayores (MM) que participan en talleres de ejercicio físico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Participaron 272 mujeres chilenas mayores de 60 años. Las variables correspondieron al IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura estatura (ICE) y condición física (CF). Se realizaron correlaciones a través del coeficiente de Pearson o Spearman, y asociaciones bivariadas mediante ji cuadrada de Pearson y el test exacto de Fisher, considerando un p<0.05. RESULTADOS: De las MM, 70.8% alcanzó sobrepeso u obesidad; y 68.8% y 96% riesgo cardiometabólico de acuerdo con PC e ICE, respectivamente. Su CF presentó un rendimiento igual (53.5%) o superior (33.8%) según su edad y sexo. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico con las pruebas de CF (excepto la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, en donde la relación fue directa), y asociación directa con juntar manos. CONCLUSIONES: El exceso de peso en MM físicamente activas no afecta su rendimiento físico-funcional; sin embargo, el riesgo cardiometabólico se asocia inversamente con la funcionalidad motriz.


Assuntos
Antropometria , Exercício Físico , Aptidão Física , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Risco
17.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 66(3): 219-229, Sept. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-838448

RESUMO

Existe escasa información respecto a la relación entre los parámetros antropométricos y la funcionalidad motriz en sujetos activos e inactivos. En ese sentido, la presente investigación pretende determinar la relación entre las características antropométricas y la puntuación de funcionalidad motriz en sujetos chilenos con distintos niveles de actividad física. La muestra incluyó 63 sujetos (20 mujeres), distribuidos en tres grupos: grupo físicamente activo (GFA, n=21), grupo deportista (GD, n=21) y grupo físicamente inactivo (GFI, n=21). Las variables estudiadas correspondieron a la composición corporal, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice cintura-cadera (ICC) y funcionalidad motriz a través del Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Se aplicó Anova una vía, el test de Pearson y un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, considerando un p <0,05. Los resultados indican correlaciones moderadas e inversas entre la puntuación FMS y la sumatoria de pliegues cutáneos, Zadiposidad, masa adiposa (kg) e IMC en el GFI (-0,52 ≤ r ≤ -0,62), y con la sumatoria de pliegues cutáneos, masa adiposa (kg y %) en el GFA(-0,54 ≤ r ≤ -0,60). Los cambios en la puntuación del FMS se explican principalmente por la suma de pliegues cutáneos, la Zadiposidad, la masa grasa (kg), el porcentaje de masa grasa y el PC. En conclusión, las características antropométricas y la funcionalidad motriz se encuentran asociadas en sujetos chilenos físicamente activos (GFA) e inactivos, mostrando una relación inversa entre el puntaje del FMS con los parámetros de la composición corporal relacionados con la adiposidad(AU)


There is little information about the relationship between anthropometric indexes and motor function in active and inactive subjects. In that sense, this research aims todetermine the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and motor function score in Chilean subjects with different levels of physical activity. The sample included 63 subjects (20 women), allocated into three groups:physically active group (GFA, n=21), athlete group (GD, n=21) and physically inactive group (GFI, n=21).The variables studied were body composition, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and motor functionality using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). A One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation test, and a multiple linear regression model were applied, considering P <0.05.The results showed a moderate inverse correlation (-0.52 ≤ r ≤ -0.62)between FMS score and sum of skin folds, Z-score fat, fat mass (Kg), BMI in the GFI. Similarly, in the GFA the FMS showed a moderate inverse correlation (-0.54 ≤ r ≤ -0.60) with the sum of skin folds, fat mass (Kg& %). Changes in the FMS score were mainly explained by the sum of skin fold, Z-score fat, fat mass (kg), percentage of fat mass and WC. In conclusion, anthropometric characteristics are associated with motor function in physically active (GFA) and inactive Chilean subjects, showing an inverse relationship between the FMS score and adiposity parameters of body composition(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Monitores de Aptidão Física , Doenças Metabólicas , Atividade Motora , Peso Corporal , Antropometria , Adiposidade
18.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(3): 269, 2016 Jun 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27513496

RESUMO

Introducción: la categorización del estado nutricional a través del índice de masa corporal (IMC) es uno de los recursos de valoración clínica más utilizados en el síndrome metabólico (SM). Sin embargo, es desconocida su capacidad para identificar las diferencias en la composición corporal.Objetivo: determinar si las variaciones en el estado nutricional se reflejan en la composición corporal en mujeres con SM e identificar la concordancia de clasificación del riesgo cardiometabólico entre el estado nutricional e índices antropométricos.Material y métodos: la muestra incluyó 136 mujeres (edad 42 ± 3,5 años) con SM. Se evaluó el estado nutricional, masa muscular, masa adiposa, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura-cadera (ICC) e índice cintura-estatura (ICE). Se compararon los valores de composición corporale índices antropométricos; adicionalmente se determinó la concordancia clasificatoria del riesgo cardiometabólico entre los índices y el IMC.Resultados: solo la edad (p = 0,358), estatura (p = 0,209) y porcentaje de adiposidad (p = 0,234) no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La mejor concordancia clasificatoria del riesgo cardiometabólico se observó en el PC > 88 cm (94,9%) e ICE ≥ 0,5 (94,1%) al categorizar el IMC en normopeso vs. exceso de peso; mientras que el PC > 88 cm obtuvo mejor concordancia separando al grupo en normopeso-sobrepesovs. obesidad (85,3%), aunque la sensibilidad y especificidad fueron más homogéneas con el ICC ≥ 0,85.Conclusión: el IMC no logra identificar las variaciones de la adiposidad corporal en mujeres con SM agrupadas según su estado nutricional. El IMC presenta mejor sensibilidad que especificidad respecto a los índices considerados para determinar riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres con SM.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais
19.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(2): 98, 2016 Mar 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27238781

RESUMO

Introducción: dado el incremento del sobrepeso y obesidad infantil, es relevante estudiar no solo las consecuencias metabólicas, sino también aquellas de índole musculoesqueléticas que pueden afectar la funcionalidad motriz, como es el pie plano, en esta población. Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre el estado nutricional y la prevalencia de pie plano en niños y niñas chilenos de 6 a 10 años. Métodos: el z-score del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el registro y análisis de las huellas plantares según la metodología de Hernández-Corvo fue llevado a cabo en 388 escolares (52,3% niñas). Un test de diferencia para dos proporciones fue utilizado para evaluar las diferencias entre los grupos. Se considera una significancia estadística con p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: la prevalencia del exceso de peso fue de más del 40%. Esta prevalencia fue más alta en las niñas (47,8%) que en los niños (42,7%). La prevalencia de pie plano en todos los niños fue del 17%, presentando valores más elevados el pie derecho (18,3%) que el izquierdo (15,7%). Hay un incremento significativo de la prevalencia de pie plano en los niños obesos en relación con los niños con sobrepeso y normopeso. Conclusión: el estado nutricional está asociado con incrementos en la prevalencia de pie plano en niños. En la población infantil de 6 a 10 años de edad, la obesidad está asociada con la alteración morfológica del pie.


Assuntos
Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Prevalência
20.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(1): 17-22, Mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-780469

RESUMO

The main aim of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics, to determine the tendency in the physical structure, differences and similarities according to categories based on age of the Chilean team of Rhythmic Gymnastics. We performed an anthropometric analysis of 60 gymnasts, fractioned by categories: preschoolers and schoolers (n= 11), junior (n= 28) and senior (n= 21). The anthropometric analysis was determined based on the study of the body composition, through pentacompartimental fractionation method (Kerr), somatotype (Heath & Carter) and the body mass index (Quetelet). The results showed significant differences between preschoolers and schoolers and higher categories (junior and senior) in the general anthropometric variables of body mass, height and BMI. Regarding the body composition, we only found significant differences in the percentage of muscle mass between the preschoolers and schoolers when being compared with the other two categories. In the study of somatotype, the prevalence of ectomorphic categorization was only found in the preschoolers and schoolers (meso-ectomorph), while in the junior category a mesomorph-ectomorph somatotype was observed and a central type in the senior category. We conclude that the morphology of the selected Chilean Rhythmic gymnastics depends on the category, as observed in the anthropometric characteristics related to the body composition and somatotype. Therefore, this factor is not useful in establishing a clearer tendency in the morph structure for this sport at a national level.


El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar las características morfológicas para determinar la tendencia de la estructura física, las diferencias y similitudes de acuerdo con las categorías basadas en la edad de la Selección Chilena de Gimnasia Rítmica. Se realizó un análisis antropométrico de 60 gimnastas, fraccionado por categorías: preescolares y escolares (n = 11), junior (n = 28) y senior (n = 21). El análisis antropométrico se determinó en base al estudio de la composición corporal, a través del método de fraccionamiento pentacompartimental (Kerr), del somatotipo (Heath & Carter) y el índice de masa corporal (Quetelet). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los niños preescolares y escolares y las categorías superiores (junior y senior) en las variables antropométricas generales de masa corporal, altura e IMC. En cuanto a la composición corporal, sólo encontramos diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de masa muscular entre los preescolares y escolares, cuando se comparan con las otras dos categorías. En el estudio del somatotipo, la prevalencia de la categorización ectomórfica solamente se encontró en los niños preescolares y escolares (meso-ectomorfo), mientras que en la categoría junior se observó un somatotipo mesomorfo-ectomorfo y un tipo central en la categoría senior. En conclusión, la morfología de los seleccionados de gimnasia rítmica chilena depende de la categoría, como se observa en las características antropométricas, relacionados con la composición corporal y el somatotipo. Por lo tanto, este factor no es útil para establecer una tendencia clara en la estructura morfológica para este deporte a nivel nacional.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Fatores Etários , Composição Corporal , Ginástica , Cineantropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Somatotipos
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