RESUMO
Animal reproduction biotechniques are important tools for the technological advancement of livestock, as they allow the selection of the reproductive potential of superior quality females and males; however, infectious diseases that have a predilection for the reproductive system can be a hindrance for the use of these technologies. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect Brucella spp. in the ovarian follicular fluid of brucellosis-positive bovine cows. A total of 47 bovine ovarian follicular fluid aspirates from cows, positive in tests for brucellosis and from Brucella-positive herd, were submitted to PCR. The primers used in the PCR were specific to the genus Brucella (bcsp31 gene). All 47 bovine aspirates were negative for Brucella spp. 0.00% (95% CI: 0.00-4.00%). Our results demonstrated that Brucella spp. was absent in the ovarian follicular fluid from seropositive cows, which indicates that Brucella spp.-infected cows could be used for reproductive biotechnologies carried out with follicular aspirates. Future studies are needed to more precisely evaluate the feasibility and safety of using these oocytes from brucellosis-seropositive cows to transfer embryos to heifers/cows not infected by Brucella, aiming to produce calves free of the infection.
Assuntos
Brucelose Bovina , Líquido Folicular , Bovinos , Animais , Feminino , Líquido Folicular/química , Brucelose Bovina/microbiologia , Brucella/isolamento & purificação , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
We aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and buffalo calves (2008-2013), in Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as the frequency of O157 gene and strains carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. E. coli strains (n=518) were tested for susceptibility against ten antimicrobials. Tetracycline was the antimicrobial with the highest resistance rate (382/518), followed by ampicillin (321/518), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (312/518), chloramphenicol (192/518), gentamicin (126/518), ciprofloxacin (148/518), cefazolin (89/518), colistin (54/518) and cefoxitin (34/518). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 381/518 isolates. No strain harbored mcr or O157 genes, whereas 19/99 were ESBL positive. The most prevalent pathotype and phylogroup were STEC and B1, respectively. Age, EHEC pathotype and resistance to aminoglycoside and cephem were significantly associated with MDR in the multivariate model. Overall, E. coli strains showed high rates of resistance to penicillin, tetracyclines and folate inhibitors, in addition to an alarming rate of MDR and ESBL-producing strains.
Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Animais , Escherichia coli , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Colistina/farmacologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this scoping review was to describe the zoonotic bacterial pathogens already reported and their frequency in different bat species. Six databases were searched, without restriction on the year or location where the studies were carried out. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 146 studies that were published between 1964 and 2020 (most after 2005) were selected. In these studies, 102 zoonotic bacterial genera were described in different samples of fourteen bat families in 55 countries, suggesting the possible role of bats as hosts for these pathogens. The pathogens mainly identified in bats were Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp. and Staphylococcus spp. In conclusion, the information provided by this scoping review expands the knowledge about zoonotic bacterial pathogens already identified in bats, which can guide epidemiological surveillance policies for these pathogens in different countries.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella , Bartonella , Quirópteros , Humanos , Animais , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Filogenia , BactériasRESUMO
Our study explored the patterns of bovine brucellosis dissemination in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, by examining data on passive surveillance of bovine brucellosis cases from the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuaria (IMA) (Animal Health Authority), as well as cattle population and bovine brucellosis testing, from 2011 to 2018 by means of a spatiotemporal analysis. We plotted cases, populations and testing distributions and performed spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I test) and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) analyses. Moreover, we assessed the correlation of the spatial distribution and the compiled data (brucellosis cases, cattle populations, and brucellosis testing) by Lee's test. Our results showed that bovine brucellosis cases occurred mainly in the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba and Northwest regions, which reported cases in all analyzed years (2011 to 2018). The cattle population of Minas Gerais was concentrated in the same regions as bovine brucellosis cases, and the performed tests through the analyzed years (2011 to 2018). Moran's I test results of the case data showed significant spatial autocorrelation in 2011, 2015 and 2018 (p value < 0.05), and from 2011 to 2018, the population and testing data were also significant in Moran's I test (p value < 0.01). The results of cluster analysis (LISA) of cases showed clusters mainly in the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba, Northwest and South regions in 2011, 2015 and 2018. The local clusters for cattle populations and brucellosis testing were also observed in the same regions as bovine brucellosis cases in all years (2011 to 2018). The correlation results between clusters (Lee's test) were 0.22 (p value < 0.01) in 2011, 0.15 (p value < 0.01) in 2015 and 0.43 (p value <0.01) in 2018 between cases and populations, and 0.25 (p value <0.01) in 2011, 0.14 (p value <0.01) in 2015 and 0.38 (p value < 0.01) in 2018 for testing and cases. Therefore, our results showed that brucellosis cases were distributed together with cattle populations and brucellosis testing data, indicating that brucellosis in cattle in Minas Gerais state is being identified where there are more animals and where more tests are performed.
Assuntos
Brucelose Bovina , Brucelose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Bovinos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Brucelose Bovina/epidemiologia , Brucelose/epidemiologia , Brucelose/veterinária , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Análise Espacial , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to validate an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (iELISA) using the recombinant proteins, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [CuZn], as antigens and to evaluate its ability to discriminate antibodies produced by vaccination from those induced by infection in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Sera from six groups were evaluated: G1 - culture-positive animals (52 serum samples) (naturally infected); G2 - non-vaccinated animals (28 serum samples) positive in RBT (Rose Bengal test) and 2ME (2-mercaptoethanol test) selected from brucellosis-positive herds; G3 - animals from a brucellosis-free area (32 serum samples); G4 - S19 vaccinated heifers (114 serum samples); G5 - RB51 vaccinated heifers (60 serum samples); G6 - animals inoculated with inactivated Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 (42 serum samples). Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) were estimated using the frequentist approach and the confidence interval (CI) (95%) calculated by the Clopper-Pearson (exact) method. The DSe for iELISA_MDH in the G1 group was 71.7% (CI 95%: 57.6-83.2%) and for the G2 100.0% (CI 95%: 87.7-100.0%), whereas the DSp was 84.4% in the G3 (CI 95%: 67.2-94.7%). For the iELISA_SOD the DSe was estimated 67.3% for the G1 (CI 95%: 52.9-79.7%) and 71.4% for G2 (CI 95%: 51.3-86.8%), while the DSp for G3 was 87.5% (CI 95%: 71.0-96.5%). iELISA_MDH and iELISA_SOD showed potential to be used in the diagnosis of infected animals, increasing the range of serological tests available for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, with the advantage of being S-LPS-free. However, none of the tests could differentiate between infection and vaccination.
Assuntos
Brucelose Bovina , Brucelose , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Malato Desidrogenase , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/veterinária , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate methods for studying the in vitro antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against Brucella abortus and to evaluate the antagonistic effect of LAB on the viability of this pathogen. A total of 18 LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, n = 11; Pediococcus acidilactici, n = 1; Lactobacillus rhamnosus, n = 4; and Lactobacillus brevis,n = 2), isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses produced in three regions (Canastra, Campos das Vertentes, and Araxá) of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against B. abortus using three methods: spot-on-lawn, agar well diffusion assay, and antagonistic activity of the culture supernatants. None of the tested LAB strains could inhibit B. abortus in the spot-on-lawn and agar-well diffusion assays. The supernatants produced by LAB had an acidic pH, with intensity depending on bacterial growth and strain, and could inhibit the growth of B. abortus. In contrast, pH-neutralized (pH 7.0) LAB supernatants did not suppress the growth of B. abortus. The results showed that the best technique to study the in vitro antagonism of LAB against B. abortus was the antagonistic activity of culture supernatants. The growth of B. abortus may have been inhibited by acid production.(AU)
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar métodos de estudo in vitro da atividade antimicrobiana de bactérias lácticas contra Brucella abortus e avaliar o efeito antagônico das mesmas sobre a viabilidade deste patógeno. Um total de 18 amostras de bactérias lácteas (Lactobacillus plantarum, n = 11; Pediococcus acidilactici, n = 1; Lactobacillus rhamnosus, n = 4; e Lactobacillus brevis, n = 2), isoladas de exemplares de Queijo Minas Artesanal produzidos em três regiões (Canastra, Campos das Vertentes e Araxá) do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram testados quanto à sua atividade antimicrobiana contra B. abortus usando três métodos: spot-on-lawn, ensaio de difusão em poço e atividade antagonista de sobrenadante de cultura. Nenhuma das cepas testadas foi capaz de inibir B. abortus nos ensaios spot-on-lawm e de difusão em poço. Os sobrenadantes produzidos pelas bactérias lácteas apresentaram pH ácido, com intensidade dependente do crescimento bacteriano e da amostra, podendo inibir o crescimento de B. abortus. Em contraste, os sobrenadantes com pH neutralizado (pH 7,0) não inibiram o crescimento de B. abortus. Os resultados mostraram que a melhor técnica para estudar o antagonismo in vitro de bactérias lácteas contra B. abortus foi a atividade antagonista de sobrenadante de cultura. O crescimento de B. abortus pode ter sido inibido pela produção de ácido.(AU)
Assuntos
Lactobacillaceae/isolamento & purificação , Queijo/microbiologia , Microbiota , Brasil , Brucella abortus , Abastecimento de AlimentosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal and subclinical disease that affects the fertility of cattle herds, and it is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis . This study selected peptides mimetic to the BGC-causing agent from a phage library. Phage display is a technique that applies bacteriophage libraries that reveal peptides fused to the viral capsid in biological selections against target proteins. Biopannings were performed for biological selection in the phage library using rabbit hyperimmune serum and C. fetus subsp. venerealis protein extract. Five selected heptapeptides were considered mimetic to Cfv-NCTC 10354 based on the results of bioinformatics analysis and assays with hyperimmune serum and cervicovaginal mucus obtained from heifers. ALASLPL and LSYLFPP were the most reactive peptides and considered promising as possible mimetic immunogens for C. fetus subsp. venerealis.
RESUMO: Campilobacteriose Genital Bovina (CGB) é uma doença venérea e subclínica que causa problemas reprodutivos em rebanhos, causada por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar peptídeos miméticos ao agente da CGB de uma biblioteca de fagos. Phage display é uma técnica que aplica bibliotecas de bacteriófagos que expõem peptídeos fusionados ao capsídeo viral em seleções biológicas contra proteínas alvo. Biopannings foram realizados para seleção biológica na biblioteca de fagos por meio de soro hiperimune de coelho e extrato proteico de C. fetus subsp. venerealis. Cinco heptapeptídeos selecionados foram considerados miméticos para Cfv-NCTC 10354 a partir de análises de bioinformática e ensaios com soro hiperimune e muco cérvico-vaginal de novilhas. ALASLPL e LSYLFPP foram os peptídeos mais reativos e considerados promissores como possíveis imunógenos miméticos para C. fetus subsp. venerealis.
RESUMO
The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella ovis-epididymitis, smooth-Brucella, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and Maedi-visna in sheep slaughtered in Minas Gerais, Brazil and to study their simultaneous occurrence, including caseous lymphadenitis, at sheep and flock levels. The study was conducted at a sheep slaughterhouse with Federal Inspection Service. Sera from 594 animals from 21 flocks were collected, in 2007. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) was employed to detect anti-B. ovis and anti-Maedi Visna antibodies, whereas Rose Bengal (RB) and the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME) were used to test anti-smooth Brucella antibodies. For the detection of anti-Leptospiraantibodies, sera were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), while for the detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii ELISA was used. Prevalence of antibodies against smooth Brucella, B. ovis-epididimitis, Leptospiraspp., toxoplasmosis and Maedi-Visna found in sheep from Minas Gerais was 0.00%, 24.04%, 25.96%, 10.46% and 3.08%, respectively; whereas the seroprevalence in flocks was 0.00%, 80.95%, 90.48%, 71.43% and 23.81%, respectively. Moreover, when data on antibodies anti-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, previously obtained, were included, about 60% of the flocks showed animals that were exposed to four or more of the studied agents. However, only 25.47% of the sheep exhibited simultaneously antibodies against more than one pathogen. Thus, data from the present study on sheep slaughtered in Minas Gerais, Brazil, showed no antibodies to smooth-Brucella and a low frequency of antibodies anti-Maedi Visna lentivirus, and a high and widespread seroprevalence of B. ovis, Leptospira spp., and T. gondii among animals and flocks.(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de anticorpos contra Brucella ovis (epididimite ovina), Brucellalisa, leptospirose, toxoplasmose e Maedi-visna em ovinos abatidos em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e estudar sua ocorrência simultânea, incluindo linfadenite caseosa, nos ovinos e nos rebanhos. O estudo foi realizado em um abatedouro de ovinos com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Soros de 594 animais de 21 rebanhos foram coletados, em 2007. A imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi empregada para detectar anticorpos anti-B. ovis e anticorpos anti-Maedi Visna, enquanto o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT) e o teste de 2-mercaptoetanol (2ME) foram utilizados para testar anticorpos anti-Brucella lisa. Para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, os soros foram examinados pelo teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT), enquanto que para a detecção de anticorpos IgG para Toxoplasma gondii, foi usado o ELISA. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-Brucella lisa, B. ovis, Leptospira spp., toxoplasmose e Maedi-Visna encontrados em ovinos de Minas Gerais foi de 0,00%, 24,04%, 25,96%, 10,46% e 3,08%, respectivamente; enquanto a soroprevalência em rebanhos foi de 0,00%, 80,95%, 90,48%, 71,43% e 23,81%, respectivamente. Além disso, quando dados de anticorpos anti-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, previamente obtidos, foram incluídos, cerca de 60% dos rebanhos apresentaram animais expostos a quatro ou mais dos agentes estudados. No entanto, apenas 25,47% dos ovinos exibiram simultaneamente anticorpos contra mais de um patógeno. Assim, os dados do presente estudo sobre ovinos abatidos em Minas Gerais, Brasil, mostram que ausência de anticorpos anti-Brucella lisa e baixa frequência de anticorpos anti-Maedi Visna, e uma soroprevalência alta e generalizada de B. ovis, Leptospira spp. e T. gondii entre animais e rebanhos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/microbiologia , Ovinos/virologia , Toxoplasmose , Vírus Visna-Maedi , Brucella ovis , Leptospirose , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance is a current and important issue to public health, and it is usually associated with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in bacterial isolates from pigs with clinical respiratory signs in Brazil. One hundred sixty bacterial strains isolated from pigs from 51 pig farms in Brazil were studied. In vitro disk-diffusion method was employed using 14 antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol, lincomycin, and sulfadiazine/trimethoprim. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (98.75%; 158/160), while 31.25% (50/160) of the strains were multidrug resistant. Streptococcus suis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were the pathogens that showed higher resistance levels. Haemophilus parasuis showed high resistance levels to sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (9/18=50%). We observed that isolates from the midwestern and southern regions exhibited four times greater chance of being multidrug resistant than the isolates from the southeastern region studied. Overall, the results of the present study showed a great level of resistance to lincomycin, erythromycin, sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, and tetracycline among bacterial respiratory pathogens isolated from pigs in Brazil. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance in swine respiratory bacterial pathogens highlight the need for the proper use of antimicrobials in Brazilian pig farms.(AU)
A resistência antimicrobiana é uma questão atual e muito importante para a saúde pública, geralmente associada ao uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos na produção animal. Diante disso, foi investigado o perfil de sensibilidade-antimicrobiana em isolados bacterianos de suínos com sinais clínicos respiratórios no Brasil. Foram estudadas 96 isolados provenientes de 51 granjas de suínos do Brasil. O método de disco-difusão foi empregado usando 14 antimicrobianos: amoxicilina, penicilina, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacina, enrofloxacina, clortetraciclina, doxiciclina, oxitetraciclina, tetraciclina, eritromicina, tilmicosina, florfenicol, lincomicina e sulfadiazina/trimetoprim. Streptococcus suis e Bordetella bronchiseptica foram os patógenos que apresentaram maiores níveis de resistência. Haemophilus parasuis apresentou altos níveis de resistência à sulfadiazina/trimetoprim (9/18=50%). Observou-se que isolados das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sul apresentaram quatro vezes mais chance de serem multirresistentes do que os isolados da região Sudeste. A maioria foi resistente a pelo menos um agente antimicrobiano (98,75%; 158/160) e 31,25% (50/160) das estirpes isoladas eram multirresistentes. No geral, os resultados do presente estudo mostraram grande nível de resistência à lincomicina, eritromicina, sulfadiazina/trimetoprim e tetraciclina entre patógenos respiratórios bacterianos isolados de suínos no Brasil. Os altos níveis de resistência antimicrobiana em patógenos bacterianos respiratórios em suínos reforçam a necessidade do uso criterioso de antimicrobianos na suinocultura brasileira.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Bordetella bronchiseptica , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Streptococcus , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pasteurella multocida , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , Haemophilus parasuis , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the virulence factors, phylogenetic groups, and the relationships between pathovars and phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains isolated from feces of buffalo calves. A total of 217 E. coli strains were obtained from feces after culture and were screened by PCR for detection of virulence factors EAST-1, enterohemolysin, Saa, CNF2, F41, F5, STa, intimin, Stx1 and Stx2. One hundred and thirty-four isolates were positive for one or more virulence factors: eighty-four from diarrheic animals, and fifty from non-diarrheic calves. The pathovars of E. coli identified in diarrheic feces were ETEC (F5+) (2/84), NTEC (16/84), STEC (20/84), EPEC (3/84), EHEC (3/84), and EAEC (EAST-1+) (33/84). Pathovars identified in non-diarrheic animals were NTEC (21/50), STEC (17/50), EHEC (1/50) and EAEC (7/50). E. coli strains positive for EAST-1 (P=0.008) and phylogroup C (P = 0.05) were associated with the presence of diarrhea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 58.95% of the isolates belonged to phylogroup B1, followed by E (9.70%), B2 (5.90%), C (5.90%), D (5.22%), A (2.24%), and F (1.50%). Phylogroup B1 predominated in pathogenic E. coli isolated from water buffalo, and phylogroup C constituted an enteropathogenic E. coli for water buffalo calves.
RESUMO: O objetivo foi determinar os fatores de virulência, os grupos filogenéticos e as possíveis relações entre os patovares e os grupos filogenéticos identificados de cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de fezes de bezerros bubalinos. Um total de 217 amostras de E. coli foram identificadas a partir de cultura das fezes e submetidas a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detecção dos fatores de virulência EAST-1, enterohemolisina, Saa, CNF2, F41, F5, STa, intimina, Stx1 e Stx2. Foram identificadas 134 cepas positivas para um ou mais fatores de virulência: 84isoladas de bezerros bubalinos diarreicos e 50 de bezerros bubalinos saudáveis. Os patovares de E. coli obtidos de fezes diarreicas foram ETEC (F5+) (2/84), NTEC (16/84), STEC (20/84), EPEC (3/84), EHEC (3/84), e EAEC (EAST-1+) (33/84). Os patovares isolados de fezes não diarreicas foram NTEC (21/50), STEC (17/50), EHEC (1/50) e EAEC (7/50). Cepas de E. coli positivas para EAST-1 (P = 0,008) e filogrupo C (P = 0,05) foram associadas com a presença de diarreia. A análise de filogrupos revelou que 58,95% dos isolados pertencem ao filogrupo B1, seguido por E (9,70%), B2 (5,90%), C (5,90%), D (5,22%), A (2,24%) e F (1,50%). O filogrupo B1 predomina em cepas de E. coli patogênicas isoladas de bezerros búfalos e o filogrupo C constitui um filogrupo de E. coli patogênica entérica para bezerros.
RESUMO
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with the aim to assess aspects of cattle production. A multistage clustering model was used to select 2,202 farms in seven cattle production strata in the state, and a questionnaire was applied to obtain information related to the characterization of the farms and their management of animal reproduction and production. The study showed that livestock-rearing in Minas Gerais continues to be unspecialized. Triângulo Mineiro and North were the regions that used most technology and had highest beef cattle activity. The Zona da Mata region showed the least use of technology and had the smallest farms. Milk production in this state was distributed among all strata, but was concentrated among a few producers in the stratum of highest production, especially in the region of Alto Paranaíba. This study showed a great heterogeneity among the strata regarding the characteristics of type of exploitation, type of rearing, herd size, specialization and milk production. Thus, it validated the stratification established by the Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento MAPA (Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply), thereby suggesting that these strata should be maintained for further epidemiological studies.(AU)
Com o objetivo de avaliar os aspectos da produção de bovinos no Estado de Minas Gerais, realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo. Foram selecionadas, pelo método de conglomerados multiestágios, 2.202 propriedades distribuídas em sete estratos produtores de bovinos do estado, nas quais foram aplicados questionários visando obter informações relacionadas à caracterização da propriedade e do manejo produtivo e reprodutivo dos animais. A pecuária bovina em Minas Gerais ainda é pouco especializada, sendo a Região do Triângulo Mineiro considerada a mais tecnificada e com maior expressão na exploração de animais de corte, juntamente com a Região Norte de Minas. A Zona da Mata foi considerada a menos tecnificada e constituída pelas menores propriedades. A produção de leite no estado está distribuída por todos os estratos, no entanto é concentrada em poucos produtores das faixas de maior produção, com destaque para a Região do Alto Paranaíba. O estudo mostrou que há grande heterogeneidade entre os estratos no que se refere às características tipo de exploração, tipo de criação, tamanho de rebanho, especialização e produção de leite, validando a estratificação estabelecida pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) e sugerindo sua manutenção em futuros estudos epidemiológicos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Leite/estatística & dados numéricos , Indústria Agropecuária/análise , BovinosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This study identified the virulence genes, pathovars, and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains obtained from the feces of dogs with and without diarrhea. Virulence genes and phylogenetic group identification were studied using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty-seven E. coli isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor gene. Twenty-one (57.8%) of the positive isolates were isolated from diarrheal feces and sixteen (43.2%) were from the feces of non-diarrheic dogs. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) were the most frequently (62.2%) detected pathovar in dog feces and were mainly from phylogroup B1 and E. Necrotoxigenic E. coli were detected in 16.2% of the virulence-positive isolates and these contained the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) gene and were classified into phylogroups B2 and D. All E. coli strains were negative for the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) enterotoxin genes, but four strains were positive for ETEC-related fimbriae 987P and F18. Two isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains and contained the toxin genesStx2 or Stx2e, both from phylogroup B1. Our data showed that EPEC was the most frequent pathovar and B1 and E were the most common phylogroups detected in E. coli isolated from the feces of diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs.
RESUMO: Este estudo pesquisou genes de virulência, patovares e grupos filogenéticos de amostras de E. coli isoladas de fezes de cães com e sem diarreia. Os genes de virulência e a identificação de grupos filogenéticos foram estudados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). 37 isolados de E. coli foram positivos para pelo menos um fator de virulência na análise de PCR. Destes, 21 (57,8%) foram isolados de fezes de cães com diarreia e 16 (43,2%) de fezes de cães não diarreicos. E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) (23/37, 62,2%) foi o patovar mais frequente detectado em fezes de cães e foram classificados principalmente como filogrupos B1 e E. E. coli necrotoxigênica (NTEC) positivos para CNF1 foram detectados (6/37, 16,2%) e classificados como B2 e D. Todas as amostras de E. coli foram negativas quanto à presença de genes de enterotoxinas de E. coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), mas quatro amostras foram positivas para fimbrias relacionadas ao ETEC, 987P (2) e F18 (2). As amostras de E. coli (STEC) produtora de toxina Shiga foram positivas para a toxina Stx2 (1/37) e Stx2e (1/37), ambas do filogrupo B1. Nossos resultados indicaram que EPEC foi o patovar mais frequente e B1 e E foram os filogrupos mais comuns detectados em amostras E. coli isoladas de fezes de cães diarreicos e não diarreicos.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: In order to detect and identify Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken carcasses, and to compare detection methods, 43 chilled and 43 frozen carcasses were collected and analyzed. Three methodologies were evaluated: an automated Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) VIDAS®30, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. Only four chilled carcasses (4.6%) were considered positive for Campylobacter spp. by VIDAS®30 and no sample was positive when the conventional PCR technique was used. However, real-time PCR showed a higher incidence of contamination by Campylobacter spp. in broiler carcasses, with 45 (52.3%) positive samples. C. jejuni was the species most frequently reported in the samples (88.8%). No differences in the frequencies of Campylobacter spp. were observed between the chilled and frozen broiler carcasses. In conclusion, real-time PCR was the most sensitive method for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in chilled or frozen broiler carcasses, which were mainly contaminated by C. jejuni.
RESUMO: Com o objetivo de detectar e identificar Campylobacter spp. em carcaças de frango de corte utilizando três metodologias distintas - ensaio imunoenzimático VIDAS®30, Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e PCR em tempo real - foram coletadas e analisadas 43 carcaças de frango resfriadas e 43 congeladas. Quatro carcaças refrigeradas (4,6%) foram consideradas positivas para Campylobacter spp. pelo VIDAS®30 e nenhuma amostra positiva foi identificada quando utilizada a técnica de PCR. Porém, ao analisar as carcaças pela metodologia da PCR em tempo real, foi observada uma maior incidência de Campylobacter spp., com 45 amostras (52,3%) positivas, sendo que Campylobacter jejuni foi a espécie mais frequentemente encontrada nas amostras (88,8%). Não foi observada diferença na frequência do micro-organismo entre carcaças de frangos resfriadas e congeladas. Concluiu-se que a técnica de PCR em tempo real apresentou maior sensibilidade na detecção de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças de frangos de corte e que foi encontrada elevada presença de carcaças contaminadas, especialmente por C. jejuni.
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Susceptibility pattern of 45 Campylobacter spp.isolates 16 C. jejuni, eight C. coli, and 21 C. fetus isolated from different animal species in Brazil to twelve antimicrobial agents was determined. All Campylobacter spp. isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole. C. jejuni and C. coli were also sensitive to chloramphenicol, whereas all C. fetus strains were susceptible to kanamycin. Cefoperazone showed the highest percentage of resistance among C. jejuni (68.75%), followed by nalidixic acid (31.25%), ampicillin (37.50%), tetracycline (37.50%), erythromycin (12.50%), and kanamycin (6.25%). Likewise, cefoperazone exhibited the highest percentage of resistance among C. coli (75.00%), followed by nalidixic acid (50.00%), tetracycline (50.00%), erythromycin (37.50%), ampicillin (12.50%), and kanamycin (12.50%). Among C. fetus strains, nalidixic acid showed the highest resistance rate (85.71%), followed by cefoperazone (71.43%), tetracycline (42.86%), ampicillin (19.05%), chloramphenicol (9.52%), and erythromycin (4.76%). Therefore, it was found that the majority of Campylobacter spp. isolated from animals was sensitive to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, kanamacyn, and sulfonamides; however, a high proportion of the strains showed reduced susceptibility to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, cefoperazone, and tetracycline. Moreover, C. coli and C. fetus isolates showed a high percentage of multidrug resistant strains.(AU)
O padrão de sensibilidade de 45 amostras de Campylobacter spp, incluindo 16 amostras de C. jejuni, 8 de C. coli e 21 C. fetus, isoladas de diferentes espécies de animais do Brasil, foi determinado para doze antimicrobianos. Todas as amostras de Campylobacter spp foram sensíveis à gentamicina, sulfadiazina e sulfametoxazol. C. jejuni e C. coli foram também sensíveis ao cloranfenicol, enquanto todas as amostras de C. fetus foram sensíveis à canamicina. Cefoperazona mostrou o maior percentual de resistência entre C. jejuni (68,75%), seguido pelo ácido nalidíxico (31,25%), ampicilina (37,50%), tetraciclina (37,50%), eritromicina (12,50%) e canamicina (6,25%). Similarmente, cefoperazona também exibiu o maior percentual de resistência entre as amostras de C. coli (75,00%), seguido pelo ácido nalidíxico (50,00%), tetraciclina (50,00%), eritromicina (37,50%), ampicilina (12,50%) e canamicina (12,50%). Entre os isolados de C. fetus, ácido nalidíxico apresentou maior taxa de resistência (85,71%), seguido de cefoperazona (71,43%), tetraciclina (42,86%), ampicilina (19,05%), cloranfenicol (9,52%) e eritromicina (4,76%). Assim, os nossos resultados mostraram que a maioria das amostras de Campylobacter spp isolados de animais foram sensíveis à gentamicina, cloranfenicol, canamicina e sulfonamidas. No entanto, uma proporção elevada das amostras apresentou susceptibilidade reduzida ao ácido nalidíxico, ampicilina, cefoperazona e tetraciclina. Além disso, C. coli e C. fetus mostraram uma alta porcentagem de amostras resistentes a múltiplas drogas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Cães , Campylobacter , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Callitrichinae , Galinhas , Gentamicinas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , SuínosRESUMO
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major cause of tuberculosis in humans. This bacillus gained prominence with the occurrence of HIV, presenting itself as an important opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The current study aimed to develop a real-time PCR using Eva Green technology for molecular identification of M. tuberculosis isolates. The primers were designed to Rv1510 gene. Ninety nine samples of M. tuberculosis and sixty samples of M. bovis were tested and no sample of the bovine bacillus was detected by the qPCR. Statistical tests showed no difference between the qPCR and biochemical tests used to identify the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The correlation between tests was perfect with Kappa index of 1.0 (p < 0.001, CI = 0.84 - 1.0). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% (CI = 95.94% - 100%) and 100% (CI = 93.98% - 100%). This qPCR was developed with the goal of diagnosing the bacillus M. tuberculosis in samples of bacterial suspension. TB reference laboratories (health and agriculture sectors), public health programs and epidemiological studies probably may benefit from such method.
Assuntos
Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
We performed spoligotyping and 12-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) typing to characterise Mycobacterium bovis isolates collected from tissue samples of bovines with lesions suggestive for tuberculosis during slaughter inspection procedures in abattoirs in Brazil. High-quality genotypes were obtained with both procedures for 61 isolates that were obtained from 185 bovine tissue samples and all of these isolates were identified as M. bovis by conventional identification procedures. On the basis of the spoligotyping, 53 isolates were grouped into nine clusters and the remaining eight isolates were unique types, resulting in 17 spoligotypes. The majority of the Brazilian M. bovis isolates displayed spoligotype patterns that have been previously observed in strains isolated from cattle in other countries. MIRU-VNTR typing produced 16 distinct genotypes, with 53 isolates forming eight of the groups, and individual isolates with unique VNTR profiles forming the remaining eight groups. The allelic diversity of each VNTR locus was calculated and only two of the 12-MIRU-VNTR loci presented scores with either a moderate (0.4, MIRU16) or high (0.6, MIRU26) discriminatory index (h). Both typing methods produced similar discriminatory indexes (spoligotyping h = 0.85; MIRU-VNTR h = 0.86) and the combination of the two methods increased the h value to 0.94, resulting in 29 distinct patterns. These results confirm that spoligotyping and VNTR analysis are valuable tools for studying the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis infections in Brazil.
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Animais , Bovinos , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Variação Genética/genética , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem/genética , Alelos , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genótipo , Mycobacterium bovis/classificação , Mycobacterium bovis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a soroprevalência da infecção por Brucella canis e Brucella abortus e avaliaros possíveis fatores de risco associados à infecção em cães no município de Araguaína, Tocantins. Soros de 374 cães,pertencentes à zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins, foram analisados pelas técnicas de imunodifusãoem ágar gel (IDGA), para pesquisa de anticorpos contra Brucella canis, e antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT)e polarização fluorescente (FPA) para detecção de anticorpos contra Brucella abortus. Dos 374 soros testados parapresença de anticorpos contra B. abortus, 21 foram reagentes no AAT, entretanto todos foram negativos pela FPA. Àprova do IDGA 167 animais foram reagentes resultando em uma prevalência para B. canis de 44,53% (IC 95%; 39,43 a49,72). A avaliação de possíveis fatores de risco associados à soropositividade para B. canis não revelou a existência derelação entre a infecção e as variáveis individuais estudadas. Assim, o presente estudo permite concluir que não houveanimais infectados por B. abortus e que a infecção por B. canis está disseminada nos cães do município de Araguaína,Tocantins.
The aims of the present study were to determine the seroprevalence of infection by Brucella canis and Brucella abortusand to evaluate possible risk factors for infection in dogs from Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil. Sera from 374 dogs, of theurban zones of the municipality, from both sexes, were submitted to the agar-gel immunodiffusion for Brucella canisantibodiesand to rose Bengal test (AAT) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for Brucella abortus-antibodies.From the 374 tested dogs, 21 reacted in the AAT, but no one was positive in the FPA. The seroprevalence of B. canisinfection found in Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, was 44.53% (95% IC; 39.43 to 49.72). No association was found amongseropositivity for B. canis and the risk factors studied. Thus, data from the present study showed that there was noinfection by B. abortus among dogs in the sample and that infection by B. canis is widespread and at high prevalence inAraguaína, Tocantins, Brazil.
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Animais , Cães , Brasil , Brucella abortus , Brucella canis , Imunodifusão/veterinária , Zoonoses , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
O conhecimento sobre a fisiologia e regulação dos eletrólitos e do equilíbrio ácido-base é necessário, pois a saúde do animal depende diretamente da composição normal dos fluídos nos diversos compartimentos corporais. Esta regulação está intimamente entrelaçada em um rigoroso e preciso controle, de modo que uma anormalidade em um destes compartimentos reflete na alteração dos demais. A avaliação do equilíbrio eletrolítico e ácido-base pode fornecer informações fundamentais para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e decisão terapêutica de diversas enfermidades nos bovinos, tais como diarreias neonatais, hemoparasitoses (anaplasmose e a babesiose), deslocamento de abomaso e processos de sépticos. As correções destas alterações com medidas terapêuticas adequadas são pontos chave para minimizar as perdas por mortalidade causadas por estas enfermidades.
The knowledge of the physiology and regulation of electrolytes and blood gas parameters is necessary because the health of the animal depends directly on the normal composition of fluid in body compartments. The regulation of these is closely intertwined with a rigorous and precise control so that an abnormality in one of these compartments reflects the change in the other. The evaluation of electrolyte and acid-base balance can provide key information for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decision for several diseases in animals such as neonatal diarrhea, anaplasmosis and babesiosis, displacement of abomasum and septic processes. The corrections of these changes with appropriate treatment are key to minimizing losses due to mortality in these diseases.
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Infectious abortion is a significant cause of reproductive failure and economic losses in cattle. The goal of this study was to detect nucleic acids of several infectious agents known to cause abortion including Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Brucella abortus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, Chlamydophila abortus, Leptospira sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Neospora caninum, and Tritrichomonas foetus. Tissue homogenates from 42 fetuses and paraffin-embedded tissues from 28 fetuses and 14 placentas/endometrium were included in this study. Brucella abortus was detected in 14.2 percent (12/84) of the samples. Salmonella sp. DNA was amplified from 2 fetuses, and there was one positive for Neospora caninum, and another for Listeria monocytogenes. This PCR-based approach resulted in identification of the etiology in 19 percent of samples, or 20 percent if considered fetal tissues only.
Aborto infeccioso é uma causa significativa de falhas reprodutivas e perdas econômicas na bovinocultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar ácidos nucleicos de vários agentes infecciosos reconhecidos como causadores de aborto, incluindo-se Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Herpesvirus bovino tipo 1, Brucella abortus, Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, Chlamydophila abortus, Leptospira sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Neospora caninum e Tritrichomonas foetus. Homogenados de tecidos de 42 fetos e tecidos incluídos em parafina de 28 fetos e 14 placentas/endométrio foram incluídos neste estudo. Brucella abortus foi detectada em 14,2 por cento (12/84) das amostras. DNA de Salmonella sp. foi amplificado de dois fetos e houve um feto positivo para Neospora caninum e outro para Listeria monocytogenes. Essa metodologia baseada em PCR resultou na identificação da etiologia em 19 por cento das amostras ou 20 por cento se considerados somente os tecidos fetais.
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A maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos envolvendo Haemophilus parasuis isolados de rebanhos suínos brasileiros se baseia em sorotipagem. Entretanto, uma alta porcentagem de amostras não é sorotipável. Técnicas moleculares têm sido utilizadas com sucesso para caracterizar a diversidade dos isolados de H. parasuis e a epidemiologia das infecções por esse agente dentro e entre rebanhos. Esta revisão enfoca aspectos gerais da infecção por H. parasuis, principalmente em relação às técnicas de epidemiologia molecular.
The majority of epidemiological studies involving Haemophilus parasuis from Brazilian herds are based on serotyping. However, a high percentage of isolates are non-typable. Recently, molecular-based techniques were successfully used to characterize the diversity of H. parasuis isolates and the epidemiology of H. parasuis infections within and among herds. This review tackles general aspects of H. parasuis infection, mainly regarding to techniques of molecular epidemiology.