C-H Functionalization of Heteroarenes via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation.

C-H Functionalization of heteroarenes stands as a potent instrument in organic synthesis, and with the incorporation of visible light, it emerged as a transformative game-changer. In this domain, electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, formed through the pairing of an electron-rich substrate with an electron-accepting molecule, has garnered substantial consideration in recent years due to the related avoidance of the requirement of photocatalyst as well as oxidant. EDA complexes can undergo photoactivation under mild conditions and exhibit high functional group tolerance, making them potentially suitable for the functionalization of biologically relevant heteroarenes. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements in the field of C-H functionalization of heteroarenes via EDA complex photoactivation with literature coverage up to April, 2024.

Iodine(III)-promoted oxidative carbotrifluoromethylation of maleimides with imidazopyridines and Langlois' reagent.

A metal-free protocol for oxidative carbotrifluoromethylation of maleimides with imidazopyridines and Langlois' reagent has been developed using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (PIDA) as an oxidant. This three-component strategy enables one-step construction of 3,4-disubstituted maleimides in good yields with high functional group tolerance. Both experimental and theoretical studies support the proposed radical reaction mechanism.

Light-induced borylation: developments and mechanistic insights.

Organoboron compounds are very important derivatives because of their profound impacts on medicinal, biological as well as industrial applications. The development of several novel borylation methodologies has achieved momentous interest among synthetic chemists. In this scenario, eco-friendly light-induced borylation is progressively becoming one of the best synthetic tools in recent days to prepare organoboronic ester and acid derivatives based on green chemistry rules. In this article, we have discussed all the UV- and visible-light-induced borylation strategies developed in the last decade. Furthermore, special attention is given to the mechanisms of these borylation methodologies for better understanding of reaction insights.

Visible-light-induced silylation: an update.

Visible-light-driven functionalization of various organic systems has proved to be extremely successful and reached an impressive level of sophistication as well as efficiency in the last two decades. At the same time, organosilicon compounds are significant due to their promising applications in therapeutic agents, drug delivery, building blocks and so on. More interestingly, they are cheap, operationally simple, highly stable, less toxic and easy to handle. In this scenario, an environment-friendly synthetic approach for silylation, such as visible-light-induced silylation, is in high demand at present for molecule construction having the C-Si bond. This perspective summarizes the recent findings and developments in the emerging area of photocatalytic silylation with literature coverage mainly extending from 2014 to February 2021.

Trifunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes.

Trifunctionalization is a versatile procedure to enable complex and diverse chemical compounds by constructing three functional groups concurrently in one step from simple and readily available feedstock reagents. The development of new trifunctionalization methods is a growing realm, with a significant impact on synthetic organic chemistry in recent times. Several trifunctionalization methodologies have been disclosed for different organic systems in the last two decades. This review presents the development of trifunctionalization methods for alkenes and alkynes, including arynes and allenes, published so far.

Multiheme proteins: effect of heme-heme interactions.

The family of multiheme proteins constitutes one of the fascinating molecular machineries designed by Nature to execute a large variety of functions. A high level of conservation among the structural arrangement of heme units is evident among various multiheme cytochromes. The relative arrangement of the heme centers and the intermacrocyclic interactions therein have been found to exhibit a major role in functional properties of such a widely distributed family. The existence of more than one heme center provides an effective and efficient tool to modulate various structures and properties that are needed for its function. This Frontier overviews a brief account of our on-going efforts to examine some of the design principles in which the inter-heme distance and their relative orientations are appropriately chosen to elucidate, at the molecular level, the effects of heme-heme interactions and electronic communication in the synthetic dihemes.