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1.
Can J Public Health ; 113(5): 698-702, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35951167

RESUMO

Attributing individual deaths to extreme heat events (EHE) in Canada and elsewhere is important for understanding the risk factors, protective interventions, and burden of mortality associated with climate change. However, there is currently no single mechanism for identifying individual deaths due to EHE and different agencies have taken different approaches, including (1) vital statistics coding based on medical certificates of death, (2) probabilistic methods, and (3) enhanced surveillance. The 2018 EHE in Montréal provides an excellent case study to compare EHE deaths identified by these different approaches. There were 353 deaths recorded in the vital statistics data over an 8-day period, of which 102 were potentially attributed to the EHE by at least one approach and 251 were not attributed by any approach. Only nine of the 102 deaths were attributed to the EHE by all three approaches, 23 were attributed by two approaches, and 70 were attributed by only one approach. Given that there were approximately 50 excess deaths during the EHE, it remains unclear exactly which of the total 353 deaths should be attributed to the extreme temperatures. These results highlight the need for a more systematic and cooperative approach to EHE mortality in Canada, which will continue to increase as the climate changes.


RéSUMé: L'attribution des décès individuels aux épisodes de chaleur accablante (ECA) au Canada et ailleurs est importante pour comprendre les facteurs de risque, les interventions de protection et le fardeau de la mortalité associés aux changements climatiques. Cependant, il n'existe actuellement aucun mécanisme unique pour identifier les décès individuels dus à l'ECA et différentes agences ont adopté différentes approches, notamment (1) le codage des statistiques de l'état civil basé sur les certificats médicaux de décès, (2) des méthodes probabilistes et (3) une surveillance renforcée. L'ECA 2018 à Montréal fournit une excellente étude de cas pour comparer les décès ECA identifiés par ces différentes approches. Il y a eu 353 décès enregistrés dans les données des statistiques de l'état civil sur une période de 8 jours, dont 102 ont été potentiellement attribués à l'ECA par au moins une approche et 251 n'ont été attribués par aucune approche. Seuls neuf des 102 décès ont été attribués à l'ECA par les trois approches, 23 ont été attribués par deux approches et 70 ont été attribués par une seule approche. Étant donné qu'il y a eu environ 50 décès supplémentaires pendant l'ECA, on ne sait pas exactement lequel des 353 décès au total doit être attribué aux températures extrêmes. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'une approche plus systématique et coopérative de la mortalité ECA au Canada, qui continuera d'augmenter à mesure que le climat change.


Assuntos
Calor Extremo , Estatísticas Vitais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Mudança Climática , Calor Extremo/efeitos adversos , Humanos
2.
Pharmacogenomics J ; 19(2): 147-156, 2019 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29298995

RESUMO

Warfarin is primarily metabolized by cytochrome 2C9, encoded by gene CYP2C9. Here, we investigated whether variants in nuclear receptor genes which regulate the expression of CYP2C9 are associated with warfarin response. We used data from 906 warfarin users from the Quebec Warfarin Cohort (QWC) and tested the association of warfarin dose requirement at 3 months following the initiation of therapy in nine nuclear receptor genes: NR1I3, NR1I2, NR3C1, ESR1, GATA4, RXRA, VDR, CEBPA, and HNF4A. Three correlated SNPs in the VDR gene (rs4760658, rs11168292, and rs11168293) were associated with dose requirements of warfarin (P = 2.68 × 10-5, P = 5.81 × 10-4, and P = 5.94 × 10-4, respectively). Required doses of warfarin were the highest for homozygotes of the minor allele at the VDR variants (P < 0.0026). Variants in the VDR gene were associated with the variability in response to warfarin, emphasizing the possible clinical relevance of nuclear receptor gene variants on the inter-individual variability in drug metabolism.


Assuntos
Coagulação Sanguínea/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Varfarina/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Anticoagulantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Receptor Constitutivo de Androstano , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Feminino , Fator de Transcrição GATA4/genética , Genótipo , Fator 4 Nuclear de Hepatócito/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Receptor de Pregnano X/genética , Quebeque/epidemiologia , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptor X Retinoide alfa/genética , Vitamina K/genética , Vitamina K/metabolismo , Varfarina/administração & dosagem , Varfarina/efeitos adversos
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