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1.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 24(9): 910-915, 2020 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33156757

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Study A5274 was an open-label trial of people with HIV (PLHIV) with CD4 cell count <50 cells/µL who were randomized to empirical TB treatment vs. isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in addition to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by study arm, changes over time, and association with sociodemographic and clinical factors.METHODS: Participants aged >13 years were enrolled from outpatient clinics in 10 countries. HRQoL was assessed at Weeks 0, 8, 24 and 96 with questions about daily activity, hospital or emergency room visits, and general health status. We used logistic regression to examine HRQoL by arm and association with sociodemographic and clinical factors.RESULTS: Among 850 participants (424 empiric arm, 426 IPT arm), HRQoL improved over time with no difference between arms. At baseline and Week 24, participants with WHO Stage 3 or 4 events, or those who had Grade 3 or 4 signs/symptoms, were significantly more likely to report poor HRQoL using the composite of four HRQoL measures.CONCLUSION: HRQoL improved substantially in both arms during the study period. These findings show that ART, TB screening, and IPT can not only reduce mortality, but also improve HRQoL in PLHIV with advanced disease.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Tuberculose , Idoso , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 22(12): 1443-1449, 2018 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30606316

RESUMO

SETTING: The household contacts (HHCs) of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) index cases are at high risk of tuberculous infection and disease progression, particularly if infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV testing is important for risk assessment and clinical management. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, multi-country study of adult MDR-TB index cases and HHCs. All adult and child HHCs were offered HIV testing if never tested or if HIV-negative >1 year previously when last tested. We measured HIV testing uptake and used logistic regression to evaluate predictors. RESULTS: A total of 1007 HHCs of 284 index cases were enrolled in eight countries. HIV status was known at enrolment for 226 (22%) HHCs; 39 (4%) were HIV-positive. HIV testing was offered to 769 (98%) of the 781 remaining HHCs; 544 (71%) agreed to testing. Of 535 who were actually tested, 26 (5%) were HIV-infected. HIV testing uptake varied by site (median 86%, range 0-100%; P < 0.0001), and was lower in children aged <18 years than in adults (59% vs. 78%; adjusted for site P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: HIV testing of HHCs of MDR-TB index cases is feasible and high-yield, with 5% testing positive. Reasons for low test uptake among children and at specific sites-including sites with high HIV prevalence-require further study to ensure all persons at risk for HIV are aware of their status.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Países em Desenvolvimento , Características da Família , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Arch Esp Urol ; 49(2): 133-8, 1996 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8702323

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of intravesical mitomycin C in superficial bladder tumors (Tis Ta T1) completely resected with one or more risk factors. (Protocol U. 01/90). METHODS: The patients received six instillations weekly of 40 mg mitomycin C within 15 days post-TUR of a superficial bladder tumor with one or more risk factors: histological grade 3, tumor size more than 3 cm and/or multicentric lesion. The patients were evaluated by cystoscopy every three months for the first two years and every six months thereafter. Toxicity was evaluated according to Miller's score. Tumor recurrence, disease-free interval and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: 126 patients were entered into the study; of these, 110 were evaluable. At 18 months mean follow-up (range 6-36 months), 77 patients (70%) remain disease-free; the mean time to recurrence was 13.8 months. There were no differences between patients with one, two or three risk factors or those who received or did not receive previous treatments. The patients tolerated the treatment well; there were no dropouts or systemic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: 1. At 18 months mean follow-up, 77 of 110 patients (70%) remain disease-free; 2. The mean time to recurrence was 13.8 months; 3. Local toxicity was minimal; 4. There were no dropouts due to toxicity; 5. Systemic toxicity was not observed.


Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Mitomicina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia
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