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1.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 24(4): 635-645, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35122634

RESUMO

Thymic epithelial tumours (TET) represent a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that include thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Treatment of TET is based on the resectability of the tumour. If this is considered achievable upfront, surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard regimen for advanced TET. Due to the rarity of this disease, treatment decisions should be discussed in specific multidisciplinary tumour boards, and there are few prospective clinical studies with new strategies. However, several pathways involved in TET have been explored as potential targets for new therapies in previously treated patients, such as multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors with antiangiogenic properties and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). One third of patient with thymoma present an autoimmune disorders, increasing the risk of immune-related adverse events and autoimmune flares under ICIs. In these guidelines, we summarize the current evidence for the therapeutic approach in patients with TET and define levels of evidence for these decisions.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares , Timoma , Neoplasias do Timo , Humanos , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Timoma/patologia , Timoma/terapia , Neoplasias do Timo/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Ann Oncol ; 33(1): 67-79, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34562610

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is the standard treatment in limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), with 5-year overall survival (OS) of only 25% to 33%. PATIENTS AND METHODS: STIMULI is a 1:1 randomised phase II trial aiming to demonstrate superiority of consolidation combination immunotherapy versus observation after chemo-radiotherapy plus PCI (protocol amendment-1). Consolidation immunotherapy consisted of four cycles of nivolumab [1 mg/kg, every three weeks (Q3W)] plus ipilimumab (3 mg/kg, Q3W), followed by nivolumab monotherapy (240 mg, Q2W) for up to 12 months. Patient recruitment closed prematurely due to slow accrual and the statistical analyses plan was updated to address progression-free survival (PFS) as the only primary endpoint. RESULTS: Of the 222 patients enrolled, 153 were randomised (78: experimental; 75: observation). Among the randomised patients, median age was 62 years, 60% males, 34%/65% current/former smokers, 31%/66% performance status (PS) 0/1. Up to 25 May 2020 (median follow-up 22.4 months), 40 PFS events were observed in the experimental arm, with median PFS 10.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.0-not estimable (NE)] versus 42 events and median 14.5 months (8.2-NE) in the observation, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02 (0.66-1.58), two-sided P = 0.93. With updated follow-up (03 June 2021; median: 35 months), median OS was not reached in the experimental arm, while it was 32.1 months (26.1-NE) in observation, with HR = 0.95 (0.59-1.52), P = 0.82. In the experimental arm, median time-to-treatment-discontinuation was only 1.7 months. CTCAE v4 grade ≥3 adverse events were experienced by 62% of patients in the experimental and 25% in the observation arm, with 4 and 1 fatal, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The STIMULI trial did not meet its primary endpoint of improving PFS with nivolumab-ipilimumab consolidation after chemo-radiotherapy in LD-SCLC. A short period on active treatment related to toxicity and treatment discontinuation likely affected the efficacy results.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Nivolumabe , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Ipilimumab/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
3.
Lung Cancer ; 147: 83-90, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32682189

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive tumor arising from the pleura, typically associated with exposure to asbestos. The purpose of this investigation was to describe mesothelioma patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura were recorded in an anonymous online database (BEMME, Epidemiologic Spanish Malignant Mesothelioma Database) from June 2008 through May 2013. Patient and tumor characteristics at time of diagnosis, as well as subsequent treatments (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), were collected. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, we explored type of chemotherapy regimen and outcomes by treatments. RESULTS: A total of 560 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients were recorded. The median age at diagnosis was 68 years, mainly with epithelioid histology (62 %), and any asbestos exposure was noted in 45 % of patients. Nearly two-thirds of patients (71 %) received chemotherapy, mainly platinum-pemetrexed combination, as part of their treatment. Surgery and radiotherapy were given in 36 % and 17 % of patients, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) in the whole cohort was 13.0 months (95 % confidence interval (CI), 11.1-14.8 months) with 1-year OS of 53.2 % (95 % CI, 48.7-57.7 %). In patients receiving first-line chemotherapy (N = 315), the median OS was 13.4 months (95 % CI, 10.8-16.0 months), reaching 20.2 months (95 % CI, 17.2-23.2 months) for those 68 patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Results of multivariate analyses showed significant association of ECOG-performance status, histology and treatment response with improved OS in MPM patients treated with palliative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite multimodal therapeutic intervention, survival of patients with mesothelioma in Spain remains poor. Although it did not reach significance in the multivariate analysis, a meaningful additional survival benefit was observed among those patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Neoplasias Pleurais , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/epidemiologia , Mesotelioma/terapia , Neoplasias Pleurais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/terapia , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 20(1): 69-74, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29116432

RESUMO

All melanoma suspected patients must be confirmed histologically and resected. Sentinel node biopsy must be done when tumor is over 1 mm or if less with high-risk factors. Adjuvant therapy with interferon could be offered for patients with high-risk melanoma and in selected cases radiotherapy can be added. Metastatic melanoma treatment is guided by mutational BRAF status. BRAF wild type patients must receive anti-PD1 containing therapy and BRAF mutated patients BRAF/MEK inhibitors or anti-PD1 containing therapy. Up to 10 years follow up is reasonable for melanoma patients with dermatologic examinations and physical exams.


Assuntos
Melanoma/terapia , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Humanos
5.
Ann Oncol ; 28(7): 1517-1522, 2017 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28419193

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of immunotherapy in urothelial cancer, there is still a need to find effective cytotoxic agents beyond first and second lines. Vinflunine is the only treatment approved in this setting by the European Medicines Agency and taxanes are also widely used in second line. Cabazitaxel is a taxane with activity in docetaxel-refractory cancers. A randomized study was conducted to compare its efficacy versus vinflunine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase II/III study, following a Simon's optimal method with stopping rules based on an interim futility analysis and a formal efficacy analysis at the end of the phase II. ECOG Performance Status, anaemia and liver metastases were stratification factors. Primary objectives were overall response rate for the phase II and overall survival for the phase III. RESULTS: Seventy patients were included in the phase II across 19 institutions in Europe. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two arms. Three patients (13%) obtained a partial response on cabazitaxel (95% CI 2.7-32.4) and six patients (30%) in the vinflunine arm (95% CI 11.9-54.3). Median progression-free survival for cabazitaxel was 1.9 versus 2.9 months for vinflunine (P = 0.039). The study did not proceed to phase III since the futility analysis showed a lack of efficacy of cabazitaxel. A trend for overall survival benefit was found favouring vinflunine (median 7.6 versus 5.5 months). Grade 3- to 4-related adverse events were seen in 41% patients with no difference between the two arms. CONCLUSION: This phase II/III second line bladder study comparing cabazitaxel with vinflunine was closed when the phase II showed a lack of efficacy of the cabazitaxel arm. Vinflunine results were consistent with those known previously. TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01830231.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Taxoides/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Urotélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Vimblastina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/secundário , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sobrevida , Taxoides/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Urotélio/patologia , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Vimblastina/uso terapêutico
6.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 19(2): 219-226, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27371031

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: First-line bevacizumab-based therapies have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to descriptively analyse patients with non-squamous NSCLC who received a long-term period of maintenance bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 104 patients who had already reached a progression-free survival (PFS) of at least 9 months. RESULTS: Median overall survival and PFS were 30.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 83 %. Weight loss ≤5 %, ECOG PS = 0, or low number of metastatic sites seem to be predictive factors of good evolution. The incidence of bevacizumab-related adverse events appeared to be similar as the previous studies. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that there is a long-term survivor group whom the administration of bevacizumab resulted in a relevant prolongation of response without new safety signals. Due to the population heterogeneity, it was not possible to identify the standardised predictive factors.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Sobreviventes
7.
Target Oncol ; 12(1): 19-35, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27844272

RESUMO

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a complex disease characterized by mutations in several genes. Loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor gene is a very common finding in RCC and leads to up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-responsive genes accountable for angiogenesis and cell growth, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Binding of these proteins to their cognate tyrosine kinase receptors on endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis. Promotion of angiogenesis is in part due to the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Inhibition of this pathway decreases protein translation and inhibits both angiogenesis and tumour cell proliferation. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) stand as the main first-line treatment option for advanced RCC, eventually all patients will become resistant to TKIs. Resistance can be overcome by using second-line treatments with different mechanisms of action, such as inhibitors of mTOR, c-MET, programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor, or the combination of an mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) with a TKI. In this article, we briefly review current evidence regarding mechanisms of resistance in RCC and treatment strategies to overcome resistance with a special focus on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.


Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Renais/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia
8.
Ann Oncol ; 27(4): 706-11, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26658889

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with metastatic renal carcinoma (mRCC) treated with first-line pazopanib were not included in the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic model. SPAZO (NCT02282579) was a nation-wide retrospective observational study designed to assess the effectiveness and validate the IMDC prognostic model in patients treated with first-line pazopanib in clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 278 patients, treated with first-line pazopanib for mRCC in 34 centres in Spain, were locally recorded and externally validated. Mean age was 66 years, there were 68.3% male, 93.5% clear-cell type, 74.8% nephrectomized, and 81.3% had ECOG 0-1. Metastatic sites were: lung 70.9%, lymph node 43.9%, bone 26.3%, soft tissue/skin 20.1%, liver 15.1%, CNS 7.2%, adrenal gland 6.5%, pleura/peritoneum 5.8%, pancreas 5%, and kidney 2.2%. After median follow-up of 23 months, 76.4% had discontinued pazopanib (57.2% due to progression), 47.9% had received second-line targeted therapy, and 48.9% had died. RESULTS: According to IMDC prognostic model, 19.4% had favourable risk (FR), 57.2% intermediate risk (IR), and 23.4% poor risk (PR). No unexpected toxicities were recorded. Response rate was 30.3% (FR: 44%, IR: 30% PR: 17.3%). Median progression-free survival (whole population) was 11 months (32 in FR, 11 in IR, 4 in PR). Median and 2-year overall survival (whole population) were 22 months and 48.1%, respectively (FR: not reached and 81.6%, IR: 22 and 48.7%, PR: 7 and 18.8%). These estimations and their 95% confidence intervals are fully consistent with the outcomes predicted by the IMDC prognostic model. CONCLUSION: Our results validate the IMDC model for first-line pazopanib in mRCC and confirm the effectiveness and safety of this treatment.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Prognóstico , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Indazóis , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Sulfonamidas/efeitos adversos
9.
Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol ; 35(2): 96-101, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26597332

RESUMO

AIM: To establish a Breslow Thickness (BT) cut-off point for indication of PET-CT of cutaneous melanoma in early stages and evaluate its prognostic value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 347 PET-CT studies with diagnosis of melanoma, of which 108 were performed for initial staging. Thirty-one patients were excluded, and a final sample of 77 patients remained. A ROC curve analysis was performed to establish an optimal cut-off point. A survival analysis was performed, considering death assignable to melanoma as the main event, for the evaluation of its prognostic value. RESULTS: Forty-seven (61.04%) of all 77 patients selected were men, and 11 (14.29%) had a positive PET-CT result. Mean age was 65.17±15.00 years. The median BT in patients with a negative PET-CT result was 2.75 mm (IQR 1.83-4.50) and in the positive group 6.25 mm (IQR 5.40-7.50) (P=.0013). In the ROC curve analysis (AUC 0.804, SE 0.054), an optimal value of 5 mm BT with the following values was obtained: sensitivity 90.91%, specificity 78.79%, negative predictive value (NPV) 98.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) 41.7%, diagnostic OR 37.1, and accuracy 80.52%. Mean follow-up was 18.66±14,35 months, detecting 2/53 (3.77%) deaths in the BT<5 mm group, and 7/24 (29.17%) in the BT≥5 mm group. Survival curves between both groups were significantly different (P=.0013). CONCLUSIONS: A 5 mm cut-off point correctly distinguishes those patients with positive PET-CT from those with negative results in the early stages of cutaneous melanoma; therefore it could be included in initial staging of this subgroup of patients.


Assuntos
Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
10.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 17(12): 1030-5, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26669314

RESUMO

All melanoma patients must be confirmed histologically and resected according to Breslow. Sentinel node biopsy must be done when tumor is over 1 mm or if less with high-risk factors. Adjuvant therapy with interferon must be offered for patients with high-risk melanoma and in selected cases radiotherapy can be added. Metastatic melanoma treatment is guided by mutational BRAF status. BRAF wild type patients must receive anti-PD1 therapy and BRAF mutated patients BRAF/MEK inhibitors or anti-PD1 therapy. Up to 10 years follow up is recommended for melanoma patients with dermatologic examinations and physical exams.


Assuntos
Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Combinada , Gerenciamento Clínico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Humanos , Oncologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Sociedades Médicas
11.
Tissue Antigens ; 86(1): 28-31, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25922880

RESUMO

Hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir (ABC hypersensitivity syndrome, AHS) is strongly associated with the presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 allele in Argentinean HIV-1 infected patients. We analyzed the presence of HLA-B*57:01 allele in 1646 HIV-1 infected patients from different regions of Argentina. This allele was detected in 81 patients; most of them corresponded to patients living in the central region of the country. The prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 was 4.9%, similar to other Caucasian populations and higher than other data reported for South American populations. This strongly supports screening for the presence of HLA-B*57:01 in abacavir treatment of HIV-1 in our country.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Didesoxinucleosídeos/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/genética , Infecções por HIV/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Argentina , Didesoxinucleosídeos/administração & dosagem , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/imunologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Testes Genéticos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-B/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Curr Treat Options Oncol ; 16(3): 337, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25782687

RESUMO

Despite early renal carcinoma diagnosis is more frequent nowadays, ~25-30 % of patients have metastatic disease at presentation and another ~30 % develop recurrent or metastatic disease after radical treatment for localized disease. In recent years, treatment of renal carcinoma is increasing in complexity due to the inclusion of a number of effective systemic treatments prolonging survival and increasing the therapeutic strategies for tumor debulking, or even achieving surgical complete responses and prolonged disease-free intervals. Initial multimodal approaches with immunotherapeutic agents are now being validated in patients treated with the new-targeted agents. Patients are now able to receive an optimal therapeutic strategy seeking a longer survival with an acceptable life quality and avoiding unnecessary comorbidities. In this context and as an initial therapeutic approach, it is imperative to promote patients' selection with established prognostic models within a multidisciplinary team to assess the recommendation of a cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), metastasectomy, and/or systemic treatment. In the context of mRCC, when feasible and in patients with favorable prognostic factors, the strategy should be to consider a CN or metastasectomy for tumor debulking in order to achieve free intervals of prolonged disease. By contrast, it is recommended to evaluate whether to perform a biopsy for histological diagnosis without nephrectomy in the following situations: high surgical risk, bulky metastatic disease or in specific sites (brain or liver) or ECOG PS 3/4. The following review covers from initial to recent studies on the integration of systemic treatment and surgery in the context of metastatic disease for an optimal multimodal management in renal carcinoma.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/terapia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Metastasectomia , Nefrectomia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/mortalidade , Humanos , Imunoterapia/tendências , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Neoplasias Renais/imunologia , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Metastasectomia/tendências , Nefrectomia/tendências , Seleção de Pacientes , Prognóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 17(4): 330-8, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25301404

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To identify a novel system for scoring intratumoral immune response that can improve prognosis and therapy decisions in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS/PATIENTS: Eighty-four completely resected stage I/II NSCLC without adjuvant therapy were classified by expression profiling using whole genome microarrays. An external cohort of 162 tumors was used to validate the results. Immune cells present in tumor microenvironment were evaluated semiquantitatively by CD20, CD79, CD3, CD8, CD4 and CD57 immunostaining. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with recurrence-free survival were performed. RESULTS: Initial molecular classification identified three clusters, one with significantly better RFS. A reduced two-subgroup classification and a 50-gene predictor were built and validated in an external dataset: high and low risk of recurrence patients (HR = 3.44; p = 0.001). Analysis of the predictor´s genes showed that the vast majority were related to a B/plasma cell immune response overexpressed in the low-risk subgroup. The predictor includes genes coding for unique B lineage-specific genes, functional elements or other genes that, although non-restricted to this lineage, have strong influence on B-cell homeostasis. Immunostains confirmed increased B-cells in the low-risk subgroup. Gene signature (p < 0.0001) and CD20 (p < 0.05) were predictors for RFS, while CD79 and K-RAS mutations showed a tendency. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable prognosis in completely resected NSCLC is determined by a B-cell-mediated immune response. It can be differently scored by a 50-gene expression profile or by CD20 immunostaining. That prognosis information not reflected by traditional classifications may become a new tool for determining individualized adjuvant therapies.


Assuntos
Linfócitos B/imunologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias
15.
Tissue Antigens ; 82(5): 312-6, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24116658

RESUMO

Studies of the effect of minor H antigen mismatching on the outcome of renal transplantation are scarce and concern mainly single center studies. The International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Workshops (IHIW) provide a collaborative platform to execute crucial large studies. In collaboration with 16 laboratories of the IHIW, the role of 15 autosomal, 10 Y-chromosome encoded minor H antigens and 3 CD31 polymorphisms, was investigated in relation to the incidence of renal graft rejection and graft loss in 444 human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-identical sibling renal transplantations. Recipient and donor DNA samples were genotyped for the minor H antigens HA-1, HA-2, HA-3, HA-8, HB-1, ACC-1, ACC-2, SP110, PANE1, UGT2B17, C19Orf48, LB-ECGF-1, CTSH, LRH-1, LB-ADIR and HY. The correlation between minor H antigen mismatch and the primary outcome graft rejection or graft loss was statistically analyzed. The incidence of rejection was very low and no correlation was observed between one or more minor H antigen mismatch(es) and a rejection episode (n = 36), of which only eight resulted in graft loss. In summary, in our study cohort of 444 renal transplants, mismatching for neither autosomal nor HY minor H antigens correlate with rejection episodes or with graft loss.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Menor/imunologia , Irmãos , Estudos de Coortes , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos
16.
Oncology ; 84(5): 255-64, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23428780

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Erlotinib and chemotherapy have shown similar efficacy for pretreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but none of the large studies have selected patients based on histology. We present a retrospective single-center series of advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients treated with erlotinib or pemetrexed as second-line therapy. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety data under clinical practice conditions and to identify subgroups of patients who could benefit more from these therapies. METHODS: A total of 88 patients were included. Squamous histology was our main exclusion criterion. EGFR mutation status was known for 54.5% of the patients; 6 patients treated with erlotinib and 2 with pemetrexed had EGFR-mutated tumors. Smoking history was analyzed as possible predictive factor of efficacy. RESULTS: No significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS; 3 vs. 2.5 months, p = 0.06) or overall survival (OS; 4.9 vs. 7.4 months, p = 0.733) between the erlotinib and pemetrexed groups were found in the overall population. EGFR wild-type patients had a similar median PFS with erlotinib compared to pemetrexed (2.7 vs. 2.3 months, p = 0.42), with no statistical differences in OS. Statistically significant differences in OS in favor of pemetrexed for current smokers (3 vs. 7.1 months, p = 0.017) were found, while erlotinib achieved significantly better PFS in never-smokers compared to former smokers (3.5 vs. 2.7 months, p = 0.005). Serious adverse events were uncommon but more frequent with pemetrexed, and were mainly related to hematologic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Erlotinib should be considered as another equal option in second-line treatment for EGFR wild-type patients as well as for subpopulations with unknown mutational status. Smoking history could be a useful clinical marker to choose a second-line treatment.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Glutamatos/uso terapêutico , Guanina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Algoritmos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Receptores ErbB/genética , Cloridrato de Erlotinib , Feminino , Guanina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Estatísticos , Mutação , Pemetrexede , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fumar , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 13(12): 869-77, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22126730

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION Sunitinib, an oral, multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, delays disease progression, with a median overall survival (OS) of more than 2 years, improves quality of life and is becoming the first-line standard of care for metastatic renal carcinoma (mRCC). PURPOSE To assess the economic value of sunitinib as fi rst-line therapy in mRCC within the Spanish healthcare system. METHODS An adapted Markov model with a 10-year time horizon was used to analyse the cost effectiveness of sunitinib vs. sorafenib (SFN) and bevacizumab/interferon-α (BEV/IFN) as first-line mRCC therapy from the Spanish third-party payer perspective. Progression-free survival (PFS) and OS data from sunitinib, SFN and BEV/IFN pivotal trials were extrapolated to project survival and costs in 6-week cycles. Results, in progression-free life-years (PFLY), life years (LY) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained, expressed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) with costs and benefits discounted annually at 3%, were obtained using deterministic and probabilistic analyses. RESULTS Sunitinib was more effective and less costly than both SFN (gains of 0.52 PFLY, 0.16 LY, 0.17 QALY) and BEV/IFN (gains of 0.19 PFLY, 0.23 LY, 0.16 QALY) with average cost savings/patients of €1,124 and €23,218, respectively. Using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of €50,000/QALY, sunitinib achieved an incremental net benefit (INB) of €9,717 and €31,211 compared with SFN and BEV/IFN, respectively. At this WTP, the probability of sunitinib providing the highest INB was 75%. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that sunitinib is a costeffective alternative to other targeted therapies as first-line mRCC therapy in the Spanish healthcare setting.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/economia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/economia , Indóis/economia , Neoplasias Renais/economia , Modelos Econômicos , Pirróis/economia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/economia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Benzenossulfonatos/economia , Benzenossulfonatos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Interferon-alfa/economia , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Cadeias de Markov , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/economia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Piridinas/economia , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Pirróis/uso terapêutico , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Sorafenibe , Sunitinibe
18.
Ann Oncol ; 22(12): 2646-2653, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21427062

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A strong rationale supports the role of antiangiogenic drugs in urothelial cancer. This trial was designed to assess the activity of sunitinib as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer ineligible for cisplatin and to explore molecular and imaging variables predictive of clinical benefit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter phase II trial with sunitinib 50 mg daily in 4/2-week schedule. Eligibility criteria were as follows: creatinine clearance 30-60 ml/min, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Pperformance Sstatus of one or less, and adequate hepatic and hematologic function. Twelve circulating cytokines were evaluated at baseline and sequentially using Luminex xMAP(®) (Austin, TX). Baseline and treatment-related changes in perfusion were evaluated in a patient subgroup using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. RESULTS: On intention-to-treat analysis, 38 patients showed 3 (8%) partial responses (PRs) and 19 (50%) presented with stable disease (SD), 17 (45%) of them ≥3 months. Clinical benefit (PR + SD) was 58%. Median time to progression (TTP) was 4.8 months and median overall survival 8.1 months. Toxicity was consistent with previous reports for sunitinib. Low interleukin-8 (IL-8) baseline levels were significantly associated with increased TTP. Baseline tumor contrast enhancement with >40 Hounsfield units was associated with clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential role of the angiogenic pathway as a therapy target in urothelial cancer. Baseline IL-8 serum levels and contrast enhancement of lesions warrant further study.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-8/sangue , Pirróis/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/irrigação sanguínea , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Meios de Contraste , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Indóis/efeitos adversos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pirróis/efeitos adversos , Sunitinibe , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Urológicas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Urológicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Urológicas/mortalidade
19.
Transplant Proc ; 42(1): 257-9, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20172323

RESUMO

The tacrolimus is metabolized primarily by CYP3A5, a member of the single nucleotide polymorphism family. It shows cytochrome P450 (SNP) in intron 3, which consists of a change of base, G for A, producing a stop codon. The result is a nonfunctional protein (allele *3). Allele *1 is the wild type. The patients that show the allelic variant *3 in homozygosis (G/G) are slow metabolizers of the immunosuppressant, increasing its concentration in blood. In contrast, heterozygote A/G alleles *1/*3 are intermediate metabolizers, whereas those of allele *1 in homozygosis (A/A) are normal metabolizers. The aim of this study was to determine CYP 3A5 polymorphism among adult renal transplant recipients and the general Argentinean population. We analyzed 21 recipients and 36 healthy controls. All subjects gave written informed consent approved by the local committee. To determine the polymorphism, we extracted DNA from peripheral blood and used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify intron 3 of the CYP 3A5. The presence of variant was confirmed by direct sequencing. Among the controls the CYP3A5 genotype *3/*3 (G/G) was detected in 32 individuals, 4 showed *1/*3 (A/G), and none had *1/*1 (A/A); among the recipients, the results were as follows: 18, 2, and 1, respectively. The frequencies of polymorphism in both groups were similar, although they differed from those published for other populations. These results are the basis for the development of a pharmacogenomic program applied to organ transplantation. The genetic polymorphisms can determine responses to drugs. The molecular diagnosis must be transferred to clinical practice so as to guide selection of medicine and drug doses to be optimal for each individual.


Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Genótipo , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/metabolismo , DNA/sangue , DNA/genética , DNA/isolamento & purificação , Primers do DNA , Frequência do Gene , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Imunossupressores/metabolismo , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Tacrolimo/metabolismo , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico
20.
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) ; 19(5): 648-55, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20088918

RESUMO

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, the major dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy, is directly associated with concomitant morbidity, mortality and health-care costs. The use of prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors may reduce the incidence and duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and is recommended in high-risk patients. The objective of this study was to develop a model to predict first-cycle chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (defined as neutropenia grade>or=3, with or without body temperature>or=38 degrees C) in patients with solid tumours. A total of 1194 patients [56% women; mean age 58+/-12 years; 94% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status

Assuntos
Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neutropenia/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
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