RESUMO
PURPOSE: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous group of rare gastrointestinal malignancies with dismal prognosis often associated with inflammation. We assessed the prognostic value of IL6 and YKL-40 compared with CA19-9 before and during palliative chemotherapy. We also investigated in mice whether IL6R inhibition in combination with gemcitabine could prolong chemosensitivity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 452 Danish participants with advanced (locally advanced and metastatic) BTC were included from six clinical trials (February 2004 to March 2017). Serum CA19-9, IL6, and YKL-40 were measured before and during palliative treatment. Associations between candidate biomarkers and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Effects of inhibiting IL6R and YKL-40 were assessed in vitro, and of IL6R inhibition in vivo. RESULTS: High pretreatment levels of CA19-9, IL6, and YKL-40, and increasing levels during treatment, were associated with short PFS and OS in patients with advanced BTC. IL6 provided independent prognostic information, independent of tumor location and in patients with normal serum CA19-9. ROC analyses showed that IL6 and YKL-40 were predictive of very short OS (OS < 6 months), whereas CA19-9 was best to predict OS > 1.5 years. Treatment with anti-IL6R and gemcitabine significantly diminished tumor growth when compared with gemcitabine monotherapy in an in vivo transplant model of BTC. CONCLUSIONS: Serum IL6 and YKL-40 are potential new prognostic biomarkers in BTC. IL6 provides independent prognostic information and may be superior to CA19-9 in certain contexts. Moreover, anti-IL6R should be considered as a new treatment option to sustain gemcitabine response in patients with BTC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína 1 Semelhante à Quitinase-3/genética , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Interleucina-6/sangue , Receptores de Interleucina-6/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/sangue , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/genética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/sangue , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/genética , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 1 Semelhante à Quitinase-3/sangue , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Paliativos , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Receptores de Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Interleucina-6/genética , GencitabinaRESUMO
Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are a rare heterogeneous disease group with a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. The mutational landscape consists of genetic aberrations both shared by and characteristic for anatomical location. Here, we present exome sequencing data on 22 genes from a phase 2 trial using a clinically validated panel used in patients with colorectal cancer. A total of 56 patients were included in a one-armed phase 2 trial investigating the treatment combination of capecitabine, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab. Tissue DNA yield and quality allowed analysis of 30 patients on our panel including 22 genes. ARID1A (33%) and TP53 (33%) were found to be most frequently mutated followed by KRAS mutations found in 20% of the patients. Mutational aberrations in ARID1A were found more prevalent than expected, whereas TP53 and KRAS were in concordance with earlier reported data. Mutation in CTNNB1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Our panel is clinically validated and suitable for a high volume of samples to detect mutations in patients with BTC. However, it is reasonable to assume that the clinical utility could be optimized in this patient group by extending the panel to include BTC specific mutations with potential therapeutic consequences such as IDH1/2, FGFR fusions, ERBB3, and BRCA1/2.