Chinese Mothers' Intent to Disclose Their HIV Status to Their Children: The Role of Positive Outcome Expectations and Reward Responsiveness.

Objective: The current study investigated the role of positive outcome expectations and reward responsiveness in intention to disclose HIV status to children among women living with HIV in China. The moderating role of reward responsiveness was also explored. Method: A 1-year longitudinal survey was conducted. 269 women living with HIV who had at least one child aged >5 years and had not yet disclosed their HIV status to their oldest child were selected from a larger sample of women living with HIV at baseline, with a total of 261 respondents completing the follow-up survey. Results: After adjusting for significant socio-demographic and medical variables, positive outcome expectations positively predicted mothers' intention to disclose HIV, while reward responsiveness had a negative effect. A moderation effect of reward responsiveness was found, with further analysis showing that reward responsiveness has strengthened the relationship between positive outcome expectations and intention to disclose HIV. Conclusion: Findings support the relevance of positive outcome expectations and reward responsiveness to intention of disclosure among women living with HIV in China.

'Caring for the helpers': factors associated with professional quality of life among Hong Kong nurses during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Western studies have found that nurses are likely to experience both positive and negative emotions in their job, as a helping profession [professional quality of life (ProQoL)] during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and that psychosocial and work-related variables (e.g. pandemic-related stressors, interpersonal and organizational support, coping strategies) are associated with such outcomes. However, relevant studies on nurses in the Asian context are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the psychosocial correlates of three indicators of ProQoL, i.e. compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress (STS), and burnout, among nurses during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. METHOD: Nurses in Hong Kong (N = 220) working in hospitals and community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited between 24 May and 27 June 2022 through nursing associations to complete an online survey measuring the aforementioned psychosocial variables. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression results found that stressors from clinical work environments, insufficient emotional support, and less positive reframing were associated with poorer ProQoL (i.e. lower compassion satisfaction; higher STS and burnout) (ß from 0.16, p > .05, to 0.44, p > .001). In addition, COVID-19-related worries/uncertainties and emotional processing were associated with higher STS (ß from 0.21 to 0.23, p < .01), whereas insufficient organizational support for communication with the healthcare system was associated with higher burnout (ß = 0.12, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identified the important psychosocial determinants in ProQoL among nurses in Hong Kong and provide recommendations for services supporting the mental health of these nurses. Providing workshops for nurses to train their skills in coping with COVID-19-related uncertainties, worries, and stressors from the clinical work environment, in using adaptive coping strategies (e.g. positive reframing), and in soliciting emotional support from important others could facilitate their ProQoL. Moreover, the provision of organizational support through timely and transparent communication with the healthcare system could reduce STS in nurses.

Stressors from clinical work environments, insufficient emotional support, and less positive reframing were associated with poorer professional quality of life among nurses in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic.COVID-19-related worries/uncertainties and emotional processing were associated with higher secondary traumatic stress.Insufficient organizational support for communication with the healthcare system was associated with higher burnout.