[Analysis of opinion of surgeons on the role of topical hemostatic agents]. / Issledovanie mneniya vrachei-khirurgov ob ispol'zovanii gemostaticheskikh applikatsionnykh materialov.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze an opinion of surgeons on advisability, efficacy and choice of topical hemostatic agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was based on anonymous questioning of surgeons. The questionnaires were developed by using of interactive Google Forms tool (https://www.google.ru/forms). Distribution of questionnaires and invitation of respondents to participation in research were carried out through the Internet. RESULTS: The study enrolled 135 surgeons. Colleagues with considerable experience and length of surgical practice prevailed: 10-15 years - 16 people; 15-20 years - 22 people; over 20 years - 38 people. Opinion of less experienced surgeons was also considered: less than 5 years - 40 people; 5-10 years - 19 people. General surgeons prevailed (49%). Hemostatic sutures (30%) and application of topical hemostatic agents (27%) were the most common methods to stop parenchymal bleeding. Efficacy of local hemostatics is confirmed by small number of cases of recurrent intraoperative bleeding (n=24). Thirty-four respondents reported recurrent bleeding after hemostasis by conventional methods. Postoperative suppuration of hemostatic implant was noted by 9.5% of respondents. Most respondents (77%) prefer combination of hemostatic implants and other traditional methods of hemostasis. CONCLUSION: According to surgeons' opinion, local hemostatic agents are effective for parenchymal bleeding. This method may be used as basic (injury grade I by E. Moore classification) or additional method of hemostasis (grade I-III). Many respondents consider that application of topical hemostatic agent after imposing hemostatic sutures ensures the greatest efficiency of hemostasis. Moreover, placement of the agent over or under sutures seems to be the most advisable.

In vitro Evaluation of Performance Properties of Sponge Hemostatic Dressings (Review).

Dressings for restoring organ defects and/or hemostasis in the injury site are being actively applied in operational units. These dressings are used in various surgeries and are widely represented in the foreign and domestic markets of medical products. Many local implants have different levels of hemostatic activity, which requires standardization of the algorithm of choice and the methods of their study. Here the methods of studying the performance properties of hemostatic implants in vitro have been considered and evaluation criteria of their physical, chemical and organoleptic properties in vitro have been proposed. This will allow a researcher to choose optimal variants of samples for further experiments on biological models more effectively as well as to save funds, time and reduce the number of experiments in vivo.

Uptake of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in the Healthy Testes of Young Men as Assessed by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography; Including the Inter- and Intra-observer Variation.

Knowledge of the physiological testicular accumulation of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) is essential in order to discriminate between normal and pathological findings. In this study, the (18)F-FDG-uptake in healthy testes of young men was assessed using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-scans. A total of 40 testes of 20 men with a mean age of 26.5 ± 3.9 years were evaluated. (18)F-FDG-uptake was expressed as the standardized uptake value (SUV). Testicular volume was measured on CT and PET. All scans were assessed by three researchers, one of whom assessed every scan twice. Laterality indices and inter- and intra-observer variation were evaluated. Correlation between the SUVmax and SUVpeak, between SUVmean and SUVpeak and between age and SUVpeak were assessed. Testes showed an average SUVmax of 3.42 ± 0.61, SUVpeak of 3.06 ± 0.54 and SUVmean of 2.44 ± 0.44. The average testicular volume on CT was 23.0 ± 6.4 ml, whereas on PET it was 18.0 ± 5.1 ml. Laterality indices were calculated of 0.077 ± 0.065 (SUVmax), 0.074 ± 0.066 (SUVpeak), 0.072 ± 0.063 (SUVmean), 0.245 ± 0.259 (CT), and 0.200 ± 0.188 (PET), respectively. Inter- and intra-observer reliability were found to be perfect for the SUVs (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.992-1.0), but poor for testicular volumes (ICC 0.854-0.902). Testicular (18)F-FDG uptake in young men can be measured accurately on PET/CT and shows high symmetry. Consequently, (18)F-FDG PET/CT has the potential to become a useful instrument in the evaluation of the functioning of the individual testis.

Voltage-controlled phase matching in quadrupole second-harmonic generation.

We have observed strong phase-matched (PM) quadrupole optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from nematic liquid crystals that possess inversion symmetry. PM conditions were achieved for two configurations by voltage control of the molecular orientation and thus of the refractive indices. Quadrupole SHG was separated from electric-field-induced dipole-type SHG with the help of time-gated measurements in a pulsed electric field.