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The role of the inorganic substrate termination, within the organic-inorganic interface, has been well studied for systems that contain strong localised bonding. However, how varying the substrate termination affects coordination to delocalised electronic states, like that found in aromatic molecules, is an open question. Azupyrene, a non-alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is known to bind strongly to metal surfaces through its delocalised π orbitals, thus yielding an ideal probe into delocalised surface-adsorbate interactions. Normal incidence X-ray standing wave (NIXSW) measurements and density functional theory calculations are reported for the adsorption of azupyrene on the (111), (110) and (100) surface facets of copper to investigate the dependence of the adsorption structure on the substrate termination. Structural models based on hybrid density functional theory calculations with non-local many-body dispersion yield excellent agreement with the experimental NIXSW results. No statistically significant difference in the azupyrene adsorption height was observed between the (111) and (100) surfaces. On the Cu(110) surface, the molecule was found to adsorb 0.06 ± 0.04 Å closer to the substrate than on the other surface facets. The most energetically favoured adsorption site on each surface, as determined by DFT, is subtly different, but in each case involved a configuration where the aromatic rings were centred above a hollow site, consistent with previous reports for the adsorption of small aromatic molecules on metal surfaces.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The safety profile of venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a relevant issue and considerable differences in safety and efficacy of VIT have been reported. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers during VIT, which has already been published. For a second analysis, data concerning premedication and venom preparations in relation to systemic adverse events (AE) during the up-dosing phase and the first year of the maintenance phase were evaluated as well as the outcome of field stings and sting challenges. METHODS: The study was conducted as an open, prospective, observational, multicenter study. In total, 1,425 patients were enrolled and VIT was performed in 1,342 patients. RESULTS: Premedication with oral antihistamines was taken by 52.1% of patients during the up-dosing and 19.7% of patients during the maintenance phase. Taking antihistamines had no effect on the frequency of systemic AE (p=0.11) but large local reactions (LLR) were less frequently seen (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.96; p=0.02). Aqueous preparations were preferentially used for up-dosing (73.0%) and depot preparations for the maintenance phase (64.5%). The type of venom preparation neither had an influence on the frequency of systemic AE nor on the effectiveness of VIT (p=0.26 and p=0.80, respectively), while LLR were less frequently seen when depot preparations were used (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with oral antihistamines during VIT significantly reduces the frequency of LLR but not systemic AE. All venom preparations used were equally effective and did not differ in the frequency of systemic AE.
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Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is effective for protecting individuals with systemic allergic reactions caused by Hymenoptera stings. The need for a tool that shows the degree of protection afforded by VIT and the lack of useful biomarkers have made the sting challenge test (SCT) the gold standard for this disorder, although its use has both lights and shadows. SCT with Hymenoptera involves causing a real sting in a patient diagnosed with allergy to the venom of the stinging insect and who is undergoing treatment with specific immunotherapy. In Spain, SCT is included in the list of services offered by some hospitals and forms part of their daily clinical practice. This review aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of this test and to describe the standardized procedure and necessary resources, based on the experience of a group of Spanish experts and a review of the literature.
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Venenos de Artrópodes , Venenos de Abelha , Himenópteros , Hipersensibilidade , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Animais , Venenos de Artrópodes/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade/terapia , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although exposure to stings has been identified as the leading risk factor for anaphylaxis due to Hymenoptera venom allergy, professional beekeepers receive hundreds of stings yearly without developing systemic reactions. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms underlying bee venom tolerance in beekeepers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were recruited and classified into 3 groups: allergic patients (APs), who experienced systemic reactions after bee stings, with a positive intradermal test and specific IgE (sIgE) to Apis mellifera venom (AmV); tolerant beekeepers (TBKs), who received ≥50 stings/year; and healthy nonexposed controls (HCs). We measured serum levels of sIgE and specific IgG4 (sIgG4) to AmV, rApi m 1, rApi m 2, rApi m 3, Api m 4, rApi m 5, and rApi m10, as well as AmV-induced basophil degranulation, percentage of T-cell subsets, regulatory T cells (Treg), and IL-10 production. RESULTS: Compared with TBKs, APs had high levels of sIgE to AmV and all its allergic components (P<.001), together with a high basophil activation rate (P<.001). Conversely, compared with APs, TBKs had higher levels of sIgG4 (P<.001) and IL-10 (P<.0001), as well as an enhanced CTLA-4+ Treg population (P=.001), expanded Helios- Treg (P<.003), and reduced type 1 helper T cells (TH1) (P=.008), TH2 (P=.004), and TH17 (P=.007) subsets. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of TBKs, which was strongly marked by Treg activity, differed from that of TBKs. This natural tolerance would be led by the expansion of inducible Helios- Treg cells at the peripheral level. The Helios- Treg population could be a novel candidate biomarker for monitoring tolerance.
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Anafilaxia , Venenos de Abelha , Hipersensibilidade , Tolerância Imunológica , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Humanos , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/metabolismo , Abelhas , Estudos Transversais , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina E/química , Imunoglobulina G/química , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/complicações , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/imunologia , Interleucina-10RESUMO
CONTEXT: The factors that determine the recycling of free fatty acids (FFA) back into different adipose tissue depots via the direct storage pathway are not completely understood. OBJECTIVE: To assess the interactions between adipocyte factors and plasma FFA concentrations that determine regional FFA storage rates. DESIGN: We measured direct adipose tissue FFA storage rates before and after weight loss under high FFA (intravenous somatostatin and epinephrine) and low (intravenous insulin and glucose) FFA concentrations. SETTING: Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Unit. PATIENTS: Sixteen premenopausal women, body mass index 30 to 37 kg/m2. INTERVENTION: Comprehensive lifestyle weight loss program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Direct FFA storage rates in upper and lower body subcutaneous fat. RESULTS: Over the entire range of FFA and under isolated conditions of elevated FFA concentrations, the storage rates of FFA into upper and lower body subcutaneous fat per unit lipid were associated with concentrations, not adipocyte fatty acid storage factors. Under low FFA conditions, direct FFA storage rates were related to adipocyte CD36 content, not tissue level content of fatty acid storage factors. Weight loss did not change these relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The regulation of direct FFA storage under low FFA concentration conditions appears to be at the level of the cell/adipocyte content of CD36, whereas under high FFA concentration conditions, direct FFA storage at the tissue level is predicted by plasma FFA concentrations, independent of adipocyte size or fatty acid storage factors. These observations offer novel insights into how adipose tissue regulates direct FFA storage in humans.
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Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Diacilglicerol O-Aciltransferase/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Redução de Peso , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , MasculinoAssuntos
Anafilaxia , Himenópteros , Hipersensibilidade , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Animais , Humanos , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the influence of distance and near visual impairment on self-reported near visual functioning (VF) in a multinational study. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Participants aged 35 years or older were selected randomly with cluster sampling at 7 sites: rural sites in Nepal (Kaski) and India (Madurai), a semirural site in China (Shunyi), semiurban sites in South Africa (Durban) and Niger (Dosso), and urban sites in the United States (Los Angeles) and China (Guangzhou). METHODS: Binocular presenting distance and near visual acuity (VA) were measured with a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution tumbling E chart at 4 m and 40 cm, respectively. A 12-item near VF questionnaire interview was administered by trained local interviewers, with responses scored from 100 to 0 as visual disability increased. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association of age, gender, education, and VA with overall eyesight, difficulty with activities, and social functioning subscale scores. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual functioning subscale scores. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 6851 questionnaire respondents. The VF subscale scores decreased significantly with worse distance and near VA, and even mildly impaired VA could result in reduced VF. Lower VF subscale scores were associated with older age at 4 sites, female gender at 3 sites, and greater education at 2 sites. The influence of near VA was greater than distance VA at 3 sites, and at 1 site, distance VA was more influential than near VA. With study site included in the regression modeling, lower scores for the overall eyesight subscale (compared with the Shunyi reference site) were found in Guangzhou, Kaski, and Durban; lower difficulty in activities scores were found in Kaski and Durban, but better scores were found in Guangzhou and Madurai; and social functioning scores were lower in Kaski, Durban, and Dosso. CONCLUSIONS: Along the entire VA spectrum, lower levels of distance and near VA led to significant reductions in VF subscale scores, with wide variation both within and between study sites. The impact of near vision on VF should receive greater emphasis with further investigation in various socioeconomic and cultural settings.
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Transtornos da Visão/etnologia , Transtornos da Visão/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Saúde Global , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Presbiopia/etnologia , Presbiopia/fisiopatologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Autorrelato , Distribuição por Sexo , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Visão Binocular/fisiologiaAssuntos
Asma , Olea , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Omalizumab/uso terapêutico , Pólen , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El cuidador es una persona que en sí misma requiere cuidado, existe poca evidencia sobre la validación de material dirigido a cuidadores primarios de adultos en el domicilio. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar el material didáctico de apoyo en una propuesta de intervención educativa de enfermería para mejorar el autocuidado de cuidadores primarios de personas con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Material y Métodos: Investigación metodológica para validación de diez carteles. Evaluación por cuatro expertos y diez cuidadores primarios. La investigación se desarrolló en cuatro fases: a) valoración de las necesidades en salud y determinación de los contenidos, b) elaboración de material didáctico, c) jueceo y validación técnica, d) validación con población. Se evaluaron los aspectos de atracción, comprensión, involucramiento y aceptación con un cuestionario dicotómico de ocho preguntas por cartel. Se calculó el coeficiente V de Aiken como indicador de aprobación. Se tomó el valor de 0.7 y superior como punto para la validación. Resultados: En la primera ronda de evaluación por los expertos se modificaron tres carteles por su bajo coeficiente de comprensión-atracción y se reelaboró un cartel. En la segunda versión de los carteles se alcanzaron coeficientes superiores a 0.81. Sin embargo, los cuidadores puntuaron dos carteles con valores inferiores al estándar, por lo que luego de tomar su opinión al respecto se modificaron aspectos de diseño. Discusión: Las recomendaciones de los expertos en el área y particularmente los intereses de los cuidadores primarios fueron la base para mejorar el diseño del material didáctico. Conclusiones: Tras ajustar elementos de la atracción y comprensión de los carteles se concluyó que el Material Didáctico (MD) es adecuado para su implementación en una Intervención Educativa (IE) dirigida a mejorar el autocuidado de cuidadores primarios.
Abstract Introduction: Caregivers are persons who themselves also need care, and there is few evidence regarding the validation of educational materials for caregivers of adult home care. Objective: To design and validate supporting didactic materials for a nursing educational intervention proposal in order to improve self-care among primary caregivers attending patients with non-transmissible chronic illnesses. Materials and Methods: This is a validating research study using 10 educational materials which were assessed by 4 field experts and 10 primary caregivers. The research study was developed in four stages: a) assessment of the health needs and determination of the contents for the education materials, b) elaboration of the education materials, c) technical validation, d) assessment on the use in a population. Features of attractiveness, comprehension, involvement, and acceptance were estimated using a dichotomous questionnaire of 8 questions for each educational material. The Aiken V coefficient of approval was calculated. Values greater than 0.7 were considered as valid results. Results: In the first round of assessment by the experts, three educational materials were modified due to their low coefficient of comprehension-attractiveness and one education material was redesigned. The subsequent version of the education materials showed coefficients higher than 0.81, however, caregivers gave two materials scores below the standard, and these materials were further redesigned. Discussion: The recommendations from the experts in the field, along with the interests of the primary caregivers, were the base to improve the design of the didactic materials. Conclusions: After adjusting elements related to the attractiveness and comprehension of the didactic materials, it was concluded that the redesigned materials were adequate for an educational intervention aimed at improving self-care among primary caregivers.
Resumo Introdução: O cuidador é uma pessoa que em si mesmo requer de cuidado, há pouca evidência sobre a validação de material dirigido aos cuidadores primários de adultos no domicílio. Objetivo: Desenhar e validar o material didático de apoio em uma proposta de intervenção educativa de enfermagem para melhorar o autocuidado de cuidadores primários de pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica para validação de dez pôsteres. Avaliação por quatro especialistas e dez cuidadores primários. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em quatro fases: a) avaliação das necessidades de saúde e determinação dos conteúdos, b) elaboração do material didático, c) julgamento e validação técnica, d) validação com população. Avaliaram-se os aspectos de atração, compreensão, envolvimento e aceitação com um questionário dicotômico de oito perguntas por pôster. Foi calculado o coeficiente V de Aiken como indicador de aprovação. Tomou-se o valor de 0.7 e superior como ponto para a validação. Resultados: Na primeira rodada de avaliação dos especialistas modificaram-se três pôsteres por seu baixo coeficiente de compreensão-atração e foi reelaborado um pôster. Na segunda versão dos pôsteres foram alcançados coeficientes superiores a 0.81. Porém, os cuidadores pontuaram dois pôsteres com valores inferiores ao padrão, portanto, após se manifestarem sobre o assunto modificaram-se aspectos de desenho. Discussão: As recomendações dos especialistas da área e particularmente, os interesses dos cuidadores primários foram a base para melhorar o desenho do material didático. Conclusões: Após ajustar elementos da atração e compreensão dos pôsteres foi concluído que o MD é adequado para sua implementação em uma IE dirigida a melhorar o autocuidado de cuidadores primários.
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PURPOSE: To estimate the nationwide prevalence of visual impairment and associated refractive error in school children in Bhutan. METHODS: The sample of this prospective cross-sectional national survey comprised of randomly selected classes in levels IV-IX (age 10 to 15 years) from schools throughout Bhutan. The examination included measurement of visual acuity (VA), evaluation of ocular motility, refraction under cycloplegia, examination of the external eye, media and fundus. The principal cause of impairment was determined for eyes with uncorrected VA ≤6/12. The main outcome measures were distance VA and cycloplegic refractive error. RESULTS: With a sampling frame of 1967 class-based clusters from 190 schools, 160 classes in 103 schools were randomly selected; 4985 (98.5%) of 5060 enumerated children were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual impairment (VA≤6/12) in the better eye was 14.5%, 12.8%, and 0.34%, respectively. Refractive error was the principal cause (94.2%) of impaired vision and 88% of children who could achieve VA ≥6/9 with best correction were without necessary spectacles. The prevalence of myopia (≤ -0.5 D) was 6.64% and was associated with female gender (P = 0.004), urban schooling (P = 0.002), and greater parental education (P<0.001). The prevalence of hyperopia (≥ +2.0 D) was 2.17% and was significantly associated with lower class-level (P = 0.033), and female gender (P = 0.025). The overall prevalence of astigmatism (≥ 0.75 D) was 9.75%. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced vision because of uncorrected refractive error is a public health problem among school-age children in Bhutan. Effective school eye health strategies are needed to eliminate this easily treatable cause of visual impairment.
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Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Testes Visuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Baixa Visão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Butão/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Erros de Refração/diagnóstico , Baixa Visão/diagnósticoAssuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Venenos de Abelha/imunologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/diagnóstico , Teste de Degranulação de Basófilos , Criação de Abelhas , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Imunização , Imunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Lung cancer (LC) has a significant impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We investigate the correlations between pre-radiation therapy HRQoL and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, intention-to-treat, multicentre study of 437 patients with LC recruited at the radiation oncology departments of three different institutions was conducted between 2012 and 2016. QoL was assessed using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 (v3.0) and EORTC-QLQ-LC13 questionnaires. Global health status (GHS), physical (PF), role functioning (RF), emotional (EF), cognitive (CF), and social functioning (SF) as well as symptoms scores were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 376 men (86%) and 61 women, with a median age of 66 years (range 31-88). Histology was: 72% (n = 315) non-small cell lung cancer and 28% small cell lung cancer. The most common stage was III (80%) and the median follow-up for alive patients was 30 months (range 7-76). Multivariate analysis showed that RF was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.693; p = 0.008) and recurrence (HR: 0.737; p = 0.040). Additionally, lower scores on EF and PF were associated with higher mortality (HR: 0.696; p = 0.003 and HR: 0.765; p = 0.044, respectively). Appetite loss, constipation, and dysphagia were associated with a higher risk of mortality (HR: 1.985; p < 0.001, HR: 1.373; p = 0.036, and HR: 1.659; p = 0.002, respectively), while appetite loss was the only symptom associated with a higher risk of recurrence (HR: 1.525; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-radiation therapy scores on RF, EF, and PF and symptoms like appetite loss, dysphagia, and constipation were associated with the risk of mortality. This information could be added to other prognostic factors to guide our treatment decisions.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/psicologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The Veterans Health Administration Home Based Primary Care (VHA-HBPC) program serves Veterans with complex, chronic conditions. Emergency management is a concern for VHA-HBPC programs. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping has been implemented for local program operations in 30 locations. An evaluation assessed GIS mapping as a tool in emergency management, including frontline nurses' and nurse leaders' experiences. Nurses' roles included making and using maps for preparedness and response. Maps provided valuable information, including locations of vulnerable patients (eg, ventilator dependent), community emergency resources, and environmental threats (eg, hurricane). Nurses' willingness to embrace this new technology and skill set was notable.
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Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Enfermagem em Emergência/organização & administração , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Medicina Militar/organização & administração , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Veteranos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Estados UnidosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the potential of ready-made (spherical) spectacles (RMS) in meeting the need for refractive correction in visually impaired children in China. METHODS: Eligible children aged 5-17 years were identified from the three study sites in China. Distance visual acuity was measured with a retroilluminated logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart with tumbling E optotypes. Cycloplegic autorefraction was performed on all children using a handheld autorefractor. If uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was ≤20/40 in either eye, best corrected visual acuity was measured with subjective refractive error. RESULTS : A total of 13 702 children were enumerated from the three studies, with 12 334 (90.0%) having both reliable visual acuity measurements and successful cycloplegia. Among the 12 334 study children, the prevalence of UCVA ≤20/40 in the better seeing eye was 16.4% (95% CI 15.0% to 17.8%), with 91.1% (1843) of these improving by ≥3 lines of visual acuity with refractive correction. Prevalence was 12.7% (95% CI 11.5% to 13.9%) for UCVA <20/50 with 97.4% (1521) improving by ≥3 lines, and 9.38% (95% CI 8.39% to 19.4%) for UCVA ≤20/63 with 98.4% (1138) improving by ≥3 lines. Depending on the severity of visual impairment, 62.8%-64.0% of children could be accommodated with RMS if not correcting for astigmatism of ≤0.75 dioptres and anisometropia of ≤0.50 spherical equivalent dioptres. Approximately 87% of children could be accommodated with RMS if astigmatism and anisometropia limits were increased to ≤1.25 and ≤1.50 dioptres, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: RMS could substantially alleviate visual morbidity in two-thirds or more of visually impaired schoolchildren in China. This cost-effective approach to refractive correction might also be useful in low/middle-income countries with poor access to optometric services.
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Óculos , Erros de Refração/reabilitação , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Erros de Refração/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the primary causes of visual impairment and blindness in rural China. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Geographic cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting residents from a rural county/district within 9 provinces in the East Coast, Inland Middle, and West regions of mainland China. Persons aged 50 years or older were enumerated through household visits and invited to examination sites for visual acuity testing and ocular examination. Causes of vision impairment and blindness in 2014 were compared with data from an earlier 2006 survey. RESULTS: Mild visual impairment (20.4% prevalence) was caused by uncorrected refractive error in two thirds of cases and by cataract in nearly another one fourth; moderate-to-severe visual impairment (10.3% prevalence) was caused by cataract in over onec half of cases and by uncorrected refractive error in another one fifth; blindness (1.66% prevalence) was caused by cataract in approximately one half of cases and in another one fourth by retinal disease. Primary causes of visual impairment and blindness in cataract-operated eyes were uncorrected refractive error, posterior capsule opacity, and retinal disease. From 2006 to 2014, the proportion of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive error increased, but rates for unoperated cataract were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Uncorrected refractive error and unoperated cataract are the 2 primary causes of mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment in rural China, with unoperated cataract and retinal diseases primary causes for blindness. An effective public health strategy to increase service delivery for these causes would lead to substantial reduction in vision impairment and blindness.
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Cegueira/epidemiologia , Baixa Visão/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Catarata/complicações , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Erros de Refração/complicações , Doenças Retinianas/complicações , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Cavernous hemangiomas represent less than 1% of all bone tumours, with the vertebrae and the skull being the most common locations. These tumours are extremely rare in the bones of the nose, with very few cases published in the medical literature, where they have been reported in turbinates, vomer, nasal bones or perpendicular lamina of the ethmoid. They usually present as a tumour lesion that grows over time, involving the bone and even the soft tissues, which can cause complications such as nasal obstruction, bleeding, ulcerations and infection. We present the case of a 37 year-old patient with a cavernous hemangioma located in the bones of the nose, reviewing the most notable aspects of this rare tumour. Keywords. Cavernous Hemangioma. Bone hemangioma. Nasal tumor. Nasal bones. Surgical treatment.
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Neoplasias Ósseas , Hemangioma Cavernoso , Osso Nasal , Adulto , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/patologia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/cirurgia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To estimate surgical coverage of cataract-related vision impairment and blindness and visual acuity outcomes in operated eyes in rural China in 2014 with comparisons with the 2006 Nine-Province Survey. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Geographical cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting residents from a rural county or semi-rural district within 9 provinces: Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Hebei, Ningxia, Chongqing, and Yunnan. Persons 50 years of age or older were enumerated through household visits and invited to examination sites for visual acuity testing and ocular examination. Surgical coverage and visual acuity outcomes in 2014 were compared with data from the 2006 survey. RESULTS: Among 51 310 examined persons, surgical coverage among those presenting with cataract-related severe visual impairment or blindness (<20/200) was 62.7% overall, ranging from 43.4% to 83.6% across the 9 study sites. Unoperated cataract was significantly associated with older age, female sex, and lack of education. Presenting visual acuity outcomes ≥ 20/63 in cataract-operated eyes was 62.2% overall, ranging from 51.6% to 78.6%, and 75.2%, ranging from 67.1% to 81.5%, with best-corrected visual acuity. As a proportional percentage of cataract surgical coverage in 2006, overall surgical coverage increased by 81.4% during the 2006-2014 interval, and by 110% when adjusted for visual acuity outcomes ≥ 20/63. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract blindness control is well underway in rural China, as evidenced by significant increases in cataract surgical coverage and improvement in visual acuity outcomes during the 2006-2014 interval. Further efforts are needed to provide greater access to affordable cataract surgery for the elderly, female persons, and those with little or no education.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/etnologia , Extração de Catarata/estatística & dados numéricos , Catarata/etnologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cegueira/etnologia , Cegueira/fisiopatologia , Catarata/fisiopatologia , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the long-term remission rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities after gastric bypass surgery in a complete cohort, in a real-life clinic setting. METHODS: A retrospective study of all consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent gastric bypass at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2003 to 2010. The main outcome was remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus defined as HbA1c <6.5% (49â¯mmol/mol) without diabetic medication usage. Secondary outcomes were remission of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, weight loss, and long-term complications four years post-gastric bypass. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent gastric bypass. Four-year follow-up data were available for 92% (77/84) of patients. The patients (73% male; mean age 54â¯years) had a mean body mass index of 49â¯kg/m2⯱â¯8.3. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia prevalence were 92% and 85%, respectively. The mean total body weight decrease over four years was 35â¯kg⯱â¯21. Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus occurred in 15% at 6â¯months and 49% four years after surgery. Diabetes remission was more likely (OR 3.2; 95% confidence interval 1.2-9.7) in patients not using insulin at baseline. Remission rates were 12% (9/74) for hypertension and 16% (11/68) for hyperlipidemia. Long-term surgical complications included reoperation (11%), incisional hernia (10%) and anastomotic ulcer (10%). Forty-four percent of patients had one or more nutritional complications. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic effects of gastric bypass are significant and durable for at least four years, even in a predominantly male cohort and real-life clinical setting.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Component-resolved diagnosis based on the use of well-defined, properly characterised and purified natural and recombinant allergens constitutes a new approach in the diagnosis of venom allergy. Prospective readers may benefit from an up-to-date review on the allergens. The best characterised venom is that of Apis mellifera, whose main allergens are phospholipase A2 (Api m1), hyaluronidase (Api m2) and melittin (Api m4). Additionally, in recent years, new allergens of Vespula vulgaris have been identified and include phospholipase A1 (Ves v1), hyaluronidase (Ves v2) and antigen 5 (Ves v5). Polistes species are becoming an increasing cause of allergy in Europe, although only few allergens have been identified in this venom. In this review, we evaluate the current knowledge about molecular diagnosis in hymenoptera venom allergy.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Venenos de Artrópodes/imunologia , Himenópteros/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/imunologia , Alérgenos/análise , Alérgenos/química , Animais , Venenos de Artrópodes/química , Humanos , Himenópteros/química , Hipersensibilidade/imunologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of vision impairment and blindness in 2014 among older adults in rural China with comparisons with the 2006 Nine-Province Survey. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Geographical cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting residents from a rural county or semi-rural district within 9 provinces: Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Hebei, Ningxia, Chongqing, and Yunnan. Persons 50 years of age or older were enumerated through household visits and invited to examination sites for visual acuity testing and examination. Vision impairment and blindness in 2014 was compared with data from the 2006 survey. RESULTS: Among 51 310 examined persons, the prevalence of presenting vision impairment (<20/63 to ≥20/400) in the better-seeing eye ranged from 6.05% to 15.3% across the 9 study sites, with presenting blindness (<20/400) ranging from 0.66% to 5.35%. With best-corrected visual acuity, the prevalence of vision impairment ranged from 1.96% to 8.74%, and blindness from 0.47% to 5.01%. Vision impairment was associated with older age, female sex, and little or no education. The overall prevalence of presenting vision impairment and blindness decreased during the 2006-2014 interval by 6.31% and 29.0%, respectively; and by 16.1% and 38.0%, respectively, after standardization of 2006 prevalence rates to the 2014 population. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial progress has been made in the reduction of vision impairment in rural China. Nevertheless, vision impairment remains an important public health problem with substantial geographic disparities and with older age, female sex, and illiteracy as risk factors.