Assuntos
Congressos como Assunto , Epidemiologia/organização & administração , Sociedades Científicas/organização & administração , Congressos como Assunto/história , Congressos como Assunto/organização & administração , Congressos como Assunto/normas , Congressos como Assunto/tendências , Epidemiologia/história , Epidemiologia/tendências , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , França , História do Século XXI , Idioma , Informática Médica/organização & administração , Informática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Informática Médica/tendências , Administração em Saúde Pública/história , Administração em Saúde Pública/métodos , Administração em Saúde Pública/normas , Administração em Saúde Pública/tendências , Sociedades Científicas/história , Sociedades Científicas/tendênciasAssuntos
Congressos como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , Congressos como Assunto/organização & administração , Bases de Dados Factuais/história , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Bases de Dados Factuais/tendências , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Promoção da Saúde/tendências , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos/organização & administração , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Prática de Saúde Pública , Saúde Pública , Congressos como Assunto , França , Ocupações em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Ocupações em Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/normas , Saúde Pública/tendências , Prática de Saúde Pública/normas , Parcerias Público-Privadas/organização & administração , Parcerias Público-Privadas/normas , Parcerias Público-Privadas/tendências , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administraçãoAssuntos
Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho/normas , Desinfecção , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Escabiose/terapia , Administração Cutânea , Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho/parasitologia , Benzoatos/administração & dosagem , Desinfecção/métodos , França , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Permetrina/administração & dosagem , Escabiose/diagnóstico , Escabiose/tratamento farmacológico , Escabiose/epidemiologia , Escabiose/transmissãoRESUMO
In France, almost 23,000 cases of measles and 10 deaths have been reported between January 2008 and August 2012. French health authorities recommend delivery of human polyvalent immunoglobulins in the event of exposure to a measles case for some categories of unvaccinated persons (children under the age of 12 months, immunocompromised persons and pregnant women), within six days after exposure and following laboratory confirmation of the contact case. We carried out a postal survey among 368 French hospital pharmacies to evaluate the number of persons affected by this measure between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2011, to describe the characteristics of these patients and to evaluate the application of the recommendations in terms of delay between exposure and immunoglobulin delivery, and confirmation of the contact case. The response rate to the survey was 73%. In total, 400 immunoglobulin deliveries were listed, most of them for children under the age of one year, and 84% of the 250 administrations with available information occurred within six days after exposure, as recommended. However, only 48% of the 209 treated contacts with available information were laboratory-confirmed when the immunoglobulins were delivered. This survey is the first evaluation of this recommendation since its introduction in 2005 and suggests that the recommendations may need to be updated.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Notificação de Doenças , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Programas de Imunização , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Emprego , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Características de Residência , Comportamento Sexual , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Time series studies conducted in the field of air pollution aim at testing and quantifying short-term relations which can exist between daily air pollution levels and daily health effects. The method used for this type of survey has sometimes been misunderstood mainly because individual factors and indoor exposure to air pollutants were not taken into account. The adjustment on these individual confounding factors commonly used in classic epidemiologic studies (case-control studies, cohort studies) is not adequate to times series studies which are based on aggregate data. This is different for those factors that change over time according to the levels of air pollution (meteorological conditions, influenza epidemics, trend of health cases) which, when being analysed, must be taken into account either indirectly through time modelling or directly through non-linear modelling processes. During this last decade, numerous studies using the time series method have been published and have found short-term associations between daily levels of air pollution commonly observed and daily respiratory mortality. The consistency of the numerous results published in the international literature are more arguments in favour of non-confounding short-term relations between air pollution and respiratory mortality.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Doenças Respiratórias/mortalidade , População Urbana , Adulto , Idoso , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Ecologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Conceitos Meteorológicos , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aims at quantifying air pollution effects on mortality and at evaluating the feasibility of a standardized epidemiological surveillance system of air pollution in 9 French cities. METHODS: Data collection and analysis followed a standardized protocol. Data pollution depended on the development of local air quality surveillance networks (number of indicators, number of stations.). The Generalised Additive Models (GAM) were used to quantify the association between air pollution and mortality. RESULTS: In the 9 studied areas, associations between all causes, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, and air pollution indicators were observed. These associations were linear without threshold. Depending on the pollutants, excess in mortality related to an interquartile increase in acid-particulate pollution varied between 0.3 and 3.5% for total mortality, 0.5 and 6.3% for cardiovascular mortality, and between 0.1 and 12% for respiratory mortality. Photochemical air pollution varied between 0.4 and 7.3% for total mortality, 1.4 and 6.7% for cardiovascular mortality, and between 1.7 and 30.4% for respiratory mortality. CONCLUSION: In spite of a standardized common protocol, some disparities, inherent to the local characteristics, were noted (length of time series, numbers of ambient urban stations selected and pollutants available.). Nevertheless, this pilot study showed that multicentric epidemiological monitoring of air pollution effects on health was feasible. Yet, this requires to validate the results obtained through a re-analysis of the mortality data on a longer period of study. It also requires to study the feasibility and the relevance of the use of other health indicators, such as hospital admissions.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/normas , Mortalidade , Vigilância da População , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Viés , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Estudos de Viabilidade , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Estatísticos , Projetos Piloto , Vigilância da População/métodos , Doenças Respiratórias/mortalidade , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/classificação , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Suécia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
New regulations on the quality of air together with the epidemiological results obtained in the last 10 years on the short-term effects of air pollution on health have led the InVS to set up a program of epidemiological surveillance in 9 French cities. The first phase of this program was dedicated to the study of feasibility of such a surveillance system. Metrological and health data collection was conducted at both local and national levels in order to obtain significant data in close collaboration with experts of each field. The analysis of the relationship between temporal variations of daily series of the two types of indicators have allowed to obtain dose-response relationships between air pollution and mortality. The organisational and technical feasibility of such a surveillance system was confirmed in the first phase of the program.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Estudos de Viabilidade , França , Humanos , Conceitos Meteorológicos , Mortalidade , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The population of Ferrette has been exposed to well-water with arsenic (As) levels higher than legal threshold. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between daily tap-water consumption, As quantities thus ingested and biological arsenical impregnation. METHODS: The study was carried out on a sample of 100 people in the town of Ferrette and 100 people in the town of Seppois-le-Bas where the water quality is satisfactory. Ingested water and As were assessed by the mean of a food questionnaire. The quantity of ingested As was related to the body weight and compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 micrograms/kg/d. Biological impregnation was assessed by measuring out As in hair sample. RESULTS: The daily ingested As intake of Ferrette population ranged from 0 to 32 micrograms/kg/d. One half of the population ingested more than 2 micrograms/kg/d. A quarter of the population ingested more than 4.3 micrograms/kg/d. 15% of Ferrette inhabitants yielded an As hair level higher than 0.1 ng/mg [IC95%: 8.7%-23.5%], versus 7% [IC95%: 2.9-13.9%] for the inhabitants of Seppois-le-Bas (p = 0.07). Among those who ingested an amount of As higher than the TDI, 19% were found to have detectable As hair levels, versus 9% for those who ingested less than the daily acceptable amount (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION: One half of the population of Ferrette absorbed an As amount double to the TDI, evidencing the reality of the exposure. We did not find any statistically significant relation between the ingested As amount and biological As impregnation nor between exposure to water containing excessive As level and As biological impregnation.
Assuntos
Arsênio/análise , Cabelo/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Abastecimento de Água , Intoxicação por Arsênico/diagnóstico , Feminino , França , Humanos , Masculino , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Many clinical studies have shown a causal link between exposure to pollens and clinical symptoms of atopy. However knowledge regarding the dose-response relationship between airborne pollen counts and the occurrence of clinical symptoms of seasonal pollinosis in the population, are not well known. The review of epidemiological studies published in this field for the last 15 years indicates that most epidemiological studies were carried out using a panel study design of well documented pollinosis subjects. These studies aim at estimating the correlation between daily airborne pollen counts measured by an aeropollinic surveillance network and clinical indicators characterising the health condition of the studied population. Nevertheless, because of many methodological weaknesses, especially regarding the methods of statistical analysis, the results of these studies do not allow to conclude that there is a short term association between airborne pollen counts and the incidence of symptoms of seasonal pollinosis. This field of research is a priority in order to assess the public health impact of pollens, and to use with efficacy the data collected by monitoring networks.