La lutte continue: Louis Mars and the genesis of ethnopsychiatry.

The scientific contributions of Western mental health professionals have been lauded and leveraged for global mental health responses to varying degrees of success. In recent years, the necessity of recognizing the inefficiencies of solely etic and Western-based psychological intervention has been reflected in certain decolonial scholars like Frantz Fanon gaining more recognition. Despite this urgent focus on decolonial psychology, there are still others whose work has historically and contemporarily not received a great deal of attention. There is no better example of such a scholar than Dr. Louis Mars, Haiti's first psychiatrist. Mars made a lasting impact on the communities of Haiti by shifting the conversation around Haitian culture and the practice of how people living with a mental illness were treated. Further, he influenced the global practice of psychiatry by coining "ethnopsychiatry" and asserting that non-Western culture should be intimately considered, rather than stigmatized, in treating people around the world. Unfortunately, the significance of his contributions to ethnopsychiatry, ethnodrama, and the subsequent field of psychology has effectively been erased from the disciplinary canon. Indeed, the weight of Mars' psychiatric and political work deserves focus. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Endotracheal intubation in a rural EMS state: procedure utilization and impact of skills maintenance guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: Recent American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines have suggested that advanced life support (ALS) providers should have "regular field experience," defined as six to 12 intubations/year, as a prerequisite to patient endotracheal intubation (EI). The authors sought to assess the impact of this guideline on rural emergency medical services (EMS) practice. METHODS: Statewide EMS records were reviewed for the calendar years 1997-2001. Data reviewed included the number of providers eligible to perform ALS skills (including EI), number of procedures performed per year by EMS provider, patient age, gender, and prehospital diagnosis. The institutional review board approved the study. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 957,836 patient encounters occurred with an average of 1,352 ALS providers annually eligible to perform EI. In the five-year period, there were 5,615 total EI attempts with a range of 37%-42% of eligible providers annually performing EI. A mean of 18 providers per year with a range of 1.8%-0.8% of EI-eligible providers annually attempted EI in more than five patients. One hundred thirty-seven pediatric EI encounters occurred during the five-year period with an annual range of 1.4%-2.7% of eligible providers attempting pediatric EI. During the five-year investigation, EI success rate was reported as 84% by providers with fewer than five annual intubation encounters and 86% by providers with more than five encounters. CONCLUSION: Rural EMS providers rarely use EI skills, particularly in pediatric patients. If recent AHA intubation guidelines are to be followed in rural EMS settings, a small number of EMS providers will meet minimum EI utilization requirements.