RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Herein, we provide a review of the indications, practical considerations, and interpretation of urodynamics (UDS) with or without fluoroscopy, as well as cystourethroscopy, for women with suspected bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). METHODS AND RESULTS: A narrative review was performed focusing on the current primary literature and society guidelines around advanced diagnostic modalities for female BOO patients. UDS studies help diagnose BOO by identifying high-pressure low-flow voiding patterns and/or the characteristic radiographic appearance of the bladder neck and urethra during micturition. Cystourethroscopy aids in evaluating structural aberrations of the bladder outlet, and in surgical planning. CONCLUSIONS: UDS studies and cystourethroscopy are useful adjuncts in carefully-selected female patients with suspected BOO.