RESUMO
The infusion of aerial parts (EI) of Eleusine indica Gaertn (Poaceae) is used in Brazil against airway inflammatory processes like influenza and pneumonia. Pre-treatment with 400 mg/kg of crude extract inhibited 98% of lung neutrophil recruitment in mice exposed to aerosols of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, in a dose-dependent manner. At 400 microg/kg, schaftoside (6-C-beta-glucopyranosyl-8-C-alpha-arabinopyranosylapigenin) and vitexin (8-C-beta-glucopyranosylapigenin), isolated from EI, inhibited 62% and 80% of lung neutrophil influx, respectively. These results may justify the popular use of E. indica against airway inflammatory processes.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Eleusine , Pneumopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonas/administração & dosagem , Flavonas/farmacologia , Flavonas/uso terapêutico , Lipopolissacarídeos , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We examined nuclear factor kappaB activation, release of inflammatory mediators and cellular infiltration in acute cigarette smoke inflammation models. One hour after exposure to one puff of cigarette smoke, alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of C57BL/6J mice showed an increased activity of nuclear factor kappaB-DNA binding but similar numbers as compared to that of BAL fluid from mice exposed to ambient air. Exposure to 1 cigarette/day for 1, 4 or 7 days led to an increase in interleukin-1beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and to a progressive influx of nuclear factor kappaB-activated alveolar macrophages into the BAL fluid and lung tissue. Exposure to 2 cigarettes/day for 7 days led to a significant increase in interleukin-1beta levels accompanied by a massive alveolar macrophage influx into the BAL fluid. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and subsequent neutrophil influx were only detected after exposure to 4 or 8 cigarettes/day for 7 days. Treatment of mice with an antibody anti-interleukin-1beta during cigarette smoke exposure for 7 days significantly reduced both interleukin-1beta levels and alveolar macrophage influx. These data show that a single exposure to cigarette smoke rapidly activates alveolar macrophages, inducing the production of interleukin-1beta, which may play an important role in triggering chronic cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation.