Path analysis for controlling climate change in global aviation.

The aviation industry's emissions have had a significant impact on global climate change. This study focuses on carbon emission trading schemes, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), and hydrogen energy, as vital means for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. To evaluate the climate effects of global routes under four scenarios (24 sub-scenarios) until 2100, this study proposes the Aviation-FAIR (Aviation-Finite Amplitude Impulse Response) method. The findings reveal that while CO2 emissions and concentrations are significant, other emissions, such as N2O and CH4, have a greater effective radiative forcing (ERF) and contribute significantly to climate change. Moreover, SAFs are more effective in mitigating airline pollutant emissions than relying solely on carbon trading schemes. The effectiveness of hydrogen fuel cells may be hindered by technical limitations compared to hydrogen turbine engines. The findings of this study provide reference for the global aviation industry to adopt emission reduction measures.

Potential carbon emissions reduction from fleet schedule reconfiguration of China's and India's external routes.

This article calculates the carbon emissions from China-foreign and India-foreign routes in 2019. The error rate of China's and India's external routes is about 2.75% and 5.21%, respectively. First, it obtains the aircraft with the least emission intensity in each distance segment. Then, we use the aircraft with the lowest emission intensity to replace the original aircraft and compare the emission reduction. The results show that after the aircraft is reconfigured, the CO2 of China-foreign and India-foreign routes has declined by 57.08% and 35.45%, respectively. Interestingly, the average aircraft costs of China-foreign and India-foreign routes also dropped 8.04% and 39.39%, respectively, after the reconfiguration. Therefore, fleet schedule reconfiguration is one of the most feasible ways for airlines to reduce emissions. However, for airlines with increased average aircraft costs, only when the carbon price is eight times the current level can they offset the increase in the average aircraft costs.

Accounting for the aircraft emissions of China's domestic routes during 2014-2019.

The "13th Five-Year Plan" of civil aviation energy conservation and emission reduction impacts China's domestic aviation exchanges. However, few researchers pay attrition to the impact of the 13th Five-Year Plan on aviation emissions. This paper intends to calculate the emissions of six pollutants (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5, and SO2) in China's domestic airlines from 2014 to 2019 and explore the impact of the 13th Five-Year Plan on emissions changes. In this paper, the improved BFFM2-FOA-FPM method is used to unify the calculation of CO2 and other aviation emissions. The error rate between the estimate and the official data was about 6.45%. The results show that the 13th Five-Year Plan has impacted on aviation emissions, including the number of routes and airlines, aircraft configuration, air routes, and airline unit turnover emissions. Additionally, the 13th Five-Year Plan's effect is not significant, and it does not promote the reduction of emissions on domestic routes.