Efficiency and Prospects of Diagnosis of the Functional State of the Dental System.

This paper presents the results of studying the effectiveness of the developed method for diagnosing the functional state of the dental system. The results indicate that the accuracy of the method is about 80%. The results of previous studies are reviewed and the prospects for diagnosis of the functional state of the dental system as a research and practical trend in dentistry are outlined. The physiological regularities of the dental system functioning and relationship between its functional status and the autonomic nervous and postural systems prompt a new trend of research, functional diagnosis in dentistry and interpretation of the findings of functional studies. The prospects of functional diagnosis in dentistry are discussed.

[Supramolecular complex of extracellular bone matrix initiating biological mineralization].

A water insoluble supramolecular complex was isolated from bovine mature compact bone. It consists of approximately equal amounts of collagen, Ca-binding proteins and polar lipids that stimulate precipitation of calcium orthophosphates and their transformation into hydroxyapatite. Mechanism of participation of this complex in biological mineralization under physiological conditions and heterotopical calcification is discussed.

[Acoustic microscopy application for the evaluation of restorative materials bonding quality. Experimental investigation].

Ultrasound transmission and reflection at the interface between restorative material and tooth tissue have been investigated using experimental flat-parallel models and whole extracted human teeth with restorations. It has been found that in the case of good bonding the ultrasound wave energy practically does not reflect at the cement/dentin interface and propagates into dentin layer. If any microscopic cavity had been formed between cement and dentin, the most part of the acoustic energy would be reflected from the interface between cement and gaseous or liquid contents of that cavity. The results acquired have been used for the interpretation of morphological peculiarities of the adhesive bonding area in visual images, non-destructively obtained in acoustic microscope ultrasound frequency - 50 MHz. The differences discovered could be used as a base for the design and development of new ultrasound methods for the restorative materials bonding evaluation as well as for secondary caries revealing.

[Structural properties of mixed saliva in persons with different levels of tooth resistance to caries].

Structural properties of mixed saliva were studied in 30 persons 16-18 years of age divided into 3 groups (10 persons in each) according to different levels of tooth resistance to caries -- 1st with high level of resistance (DMFT=0), 2nd with medium level of resistance (DMFT=4.3+/-0.82), 3rd with low level of resistance (DMFT=6.6+/-0.92). The difference between DMFT figures in groups 2 and 3 was insignificant. In salivary filtrate (collected in the rest conditions and after 5 g sugar load) pH (by potentiometry) and optical density (by photoelectric colorimetry) were determined. 60 saliva samples were collected and 240 determinations were made. In was found that 5 g sugar intake led to structural changes of oral fluid in all groups with different levels of tooth resistance to caries. But in persons with 0 caries incidence the oral fluid micelle resistance and saliva mineralizing capacity were higher than in persons with medium and low resistance to caries. The received data may be used for revelation of oral mineral homeostasis mechanisms and forecasting pathology arising in cases of its disturbance and for planning preventive and curative measures with consideration of their corrections depending upon the level of the individual resistance to caries.

[Optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of the oral cavity mucosa. Part II. Benign and malignant diseases]. / Opticheskaia kogerentnaia tomografiia v otsenke sostoianiia slizistoi obolochki polosti rta. Soobshchenie II. Dobrokachestvennye i zlokachestvennye zabolevaniia.

This paper is the last one in the series of publications on the investigation of the capability of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in diagnostic of state of oral cavity mucosa. Part II demonstrates the diversity of optical images, different forms specific to leukoplakia, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of the investigation of 56 pathologic lesions of 43 patients with precancer and cancer of oral cavity. The OCT sensitivity in malignancy detection in oral cavity is high - 83%, specificity is 98%, and accuracy is 81%. The kappa coefficient of interobserver agreement is 0.76.

[Optic coherent tomography in evaluation of the buccal mucosa status. Communication 1. Normal mucosa]. / Opticheskaia kogerentnaia tomografiia v otsenke sostoianiia slizistoi obolochki polosti rta. Soobshchenie 1. Normal'naia slizistaia obolochka.

The potentialities of optic coherent tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of the buccal mucosa status were studied and the results are presented in two communications. Communication 1 demonstrates the tomograms of various parts of normal buccal mucosa and methods of their identification as exemplified by analysis of 1180 in vivo and 43 ex vivo OCT images. Using parallel histo-tomographic comparison, the authors distinguished the main signs of optic images, depending on the type of epithelium and characteristic features of the connective tissue stroma in various parts of the buccal mucosa. These signs are essential for understanding the optic images of the mucosa in disease, which will be shown in communication 2.

[Stomatological studies on board of an "airspace" station]. / Stomatologicheskie issledovaniia na bortu kosmicheskoi stantsii.

The status of the oral organs was evaluated in normal subjects exposed for a long (30-262 days) time to conditions simulating an airspace flight in an on-land experimental complex (Sphinx-99 experiment). Stomatological studies were carried out in 15 volunteers aged 28-48 years. The initial (before "flight") and post-flight examination included clinical examination of the maxillofacial area and oral organs, evaluation of the intensity of caries by the CDL index, evaluation of the periodontal tissue status by the PMA and SPITN indexes. Based on the data, we singled out periods of adaptation characteristic of the oral organs under conditions of long enclosure. The results allow prediction of the course of diseases of the oral organs under extreme conditions and recommend methods of purposeful prevention in certain terms.

[Structural characteristics of mixed saliva in patients with caries at different CDL values]. / Strukturnye svoistva smeshannoi sliuny u lits s kariesom pri raznykh znacheniiakh indeksov KPU.

Structural characteristics of mixed salivary pools were studied in 20 subjects aged 16-18 years. The examinees were divided into 2 groups, 10 subjects per group. Group 1 included patients with negligible caries involvement (CDL index 3.0 +/- 0.62), group 2 consisted of patients with greater involvement (CDL index 10.1 +/- 0.62). Statistically significant differences between these groups were detected for 2 parameters: pH and optical density. Acidification of the saliva and its optical density were higher in patients with greater caries involvement. Structural characteristics of the saliva were disordered in patients with multiple caries, which indicated impairment of mechanisms maintaining Ca2+ and HPO4(2-) ions in an oversaturated state and a decrease in the mineralizing potential of oral fluid. These data can be used for explaining the molecular mechanisms of homeostasis disorders in the oral cavity and evaluating the efficiency of preventive and therapeutic measures at early stages of dental caries.

[Analysis of antibacterial activity of a new antiseptic for therapy of maxillofacial inflammations]. / Analiz antibakterial'noi aktivnosti novogo antisepticheskogo sredstva dlia terapii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Clinical and experimental studies of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) experimentally validated the choice of optimal concentration and composition of this agent. The results indicate a high antiseptic activity of 1% PDMDAAC and the possibility of using it in local therapy of periodontitis and posttraumatic infection.

[Caries resistance]. / Kariesrezistentnost'.

Discussing the problems of caries resistance and caries susceptibility, we should remember that normal status of dental enamel is maintained by the dynamic equilibrium between demineralization and remineralization processes. Some aspects in the structural resistance of the enamel, determined by its maturing, are discussed. Data on the role of oral factors reflecting the status of the organism are presented. The authors do not agree that caries resistance, which is permanent throughout life, is determined by the CDL index. They give their arguments in favor of introducing the notion of "caries risk" and the criteria for evaluating this risk.

[Dental caries resistance under conditions of a space flight]. / Ustoichivost' zubov k kariesu v usloviiakh kosmicheskogo poleta.

The maxillodental status of aeronauts attracts special interest of scientists and causes apprehensions of physicians and scientists of countries with aeronautic industry because of long duration of space missions. Some scientists consider that the realization of mission to Mars can lead to development of multiple dental caries in aeronauts. The aim of this study was to study the effects of space mission factors on the resistance of hard dental tissues and remineralizing activity of the saliva in a simulation experiment. The results demonstrated dynamic changes in the studied parameters under the effect of space mission factors; based on these results, we determined the criteria for selection of candidates for prolonged experiments and space missions.

[Effects of mouthwashes on the structural characteristics of human mixed saliva]. / Vliianie zhidkikh gigienicheskikh sredstv na strukturnye svoistva smeshannoi sliuny cheloveka.

Effects of TANA hygienic liquids on the structural characteristics of mixed saliva were studied in 9 subjects aged 15-20 years after tooth cleaning with Colgate and Pepsodent toothpastes. Tooth cleaning with Colgate paste led to structural changes in the saliva, but gargling with hygienic liquids "Soft Fluoride Gargling" and "Tartar Control" helped preserve its structure. Structural characteristics of the oral fluid were retained after tooth cleaning with Pepsodent toothpaste. Gargling with the above hygienic liquids after tooth cleaning with Pepsodent led to structural changes in the saliva or created conditions for such changes. "Fluoride Gargling for Children" used after tooth cleaning with both toothpastes promoted alkalization of the oral fluid, which can lead to lithogenesis in the oral cavity.