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1.
J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces ; 126(33): 14138-14154, 2022 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36051252

RESUMO

Electrochemical capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) using organic quinones is a promising and intensively studied alternative to the industrially established scrubbing processes. While recent studies focused only on the influence of substituents having a simple mesomeric or nucleophilicity effect, we have systematically selected six anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives (X-AQ) with amino and hydroxy substituents in order to thoroughly study the influence thereof on the properties of electrochemical CO2 capture. Experimental data from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry of solutions in acetonitrile were analyzed and compared with innovative density functional tight binding computational results. Our experimental and theoretical results provide a coherent explanation of the influence of CO2 on the CV data in terms of weak and strong binding nomenclature of the dianions. In addition to this terminology, we have identified the dihydroxy substituted AQ as a new class of molecules forming rather unstable [X-AQ-(CO2) n ]2- adducts. In contrast to the commonly used dianion consideration, the results presented herein reveal opposite trends in stability for the X-AQ-CO2 •- radical species for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents theoretically calculated UV-Vis spectra for the various CO2-AQ reduction products for the first time, enabling a detailed decomposition of the spectroelectrochemical data. Thus, this work provides an extension of the existing classification with proof of the existence of X-AQ-CO2 species, which will be the basis of future studies focusing on improved materials for electrochemical CO2 capture.

2.
J Anim Ecol ; 79(1): 82-7, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19891714

RESUMO

1. In territorial contests, not only acoustic or other signals, but also the movements of a territorial intruder are likely to influence the response of a resident. 2. We tested this movement hypothesis by simulating moving vs. stationary intruders into the territories of winter wrens Troglodytes troglodytes, using the same non-interactive song playbacks in both treatments. 3. Male winter wrens showed a different long-term singing reaction in response to a moving than to a stationary intruder. 4. One day after experiencing an intruder that was switching between three locations, residents started to sing earlier before sunrise, and they sang more and longer songs at dawn than before the intrusion. 5. Residents receiving the same playback from one location only reacted by starting to sing later relative to sunrise, and by singing fewer and shorter songs than before the intrusion. 6. We could not discriminate between the treatments when examining the short-term singing reactions during and immediately after the playbacks. However, our results clearly demonstrate an effect of the spatial behaviour of territorial intruders on the long-term territory defence of residents at dawn, about 24 h after an intrusion. 7. We argue that spatial behaviour of territorial intruders should be an integral part of the study of animal territory defence behaviour. Investigating long-term changes in territory defence at dawn is a sensitive tool for discriminating between different types of intruders.


Assuntos
Atividade Motora , Aves Canoras/fisiologia , Territorialidade , Vocalização Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Masculino
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