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1.
Front Plant Sci ; 13: 1059175, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36507378

RESUMO

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a severe problem in paddy soils that has affected crops' safety. The present study aimed at remediating Cd-contaminated paddy soil by improving the phytoremediation capability of aquatic accumulator plants. Methods: We conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the growth and Cd phytoremediation capability of the aquatic accumulator plant Nasturtium officinale. Results: SA with the concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/L increased the root and shoot biomass of N. officinale, while only 150 mg/L increased the chlorophyll a and b contents. SA increased the activities of peroxidase and catalase of N. officinale to a great extent, but decreased the superoxide dismutase activity and soluble protein content. SA also increased the root Cd content, shoot Cd content, root Cd extraction, and shoot Cd extraction to a large extent. At concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/L, SA increased the shoot Cd extraction by 17.59%, 47.16%, and 43.27%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, SA concentration had a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root Cd extraction and shoot Cd extraction. The correlation and grey relational analyses revealed that root Cd extraction, shoot biomass, and root biomass were closely associated with shoot Cd extraction of N. officinale. Conclusion: Thus, our results suggest that SA promoted the growth and improved the phytoremediation (extraction) capability of N. officinale, and 150 mg/L SA was the most suitable concentration.

2.
Virology ; 507: 199-205, 2017 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28453983

RESUMO

Anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity was evaluated in HepG2 2.2.15 cells by novel Baicalein derivatives. The result showed that compounds 4k and 4h was found to be effective anti-HBV agent. Further, the effect of compounds 4k and 4h showed dose-dependent inhibition of HBV-DNA as compared to control together with significant inhibition of HbeAG and HbsAG expression in the tested dose. Both compounds showed considerable affinity against the HepG2.2.15 cells. Moreover, the docking study of compound 4k was carried out with HLA molecule showing excellent intermolecular interactions with the receptor via creation of numerous bonds with Ser5, Thr27, Asp29 and Phe8. The compound 4k showed significant effect on the HO-1 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells together with excellent anti-HBV activity in transgenic mouse confirmed by biochemical and histopathological parameters. Compound 4k also showed excellent pharmacokinetic profile in experimental animal and thus, provide a novel class of potent anti-HBV agents.


Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Flavanonas/farmacologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatite B/virologia , Animais , Antivirais/química , Flavanonas/química , Células Hep G2 , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/fisiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Biomed Res Int ; 2014: 864894, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24963487

RESUMO

New strategies for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are urgently needed. There is an increasing interest in using microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in diseases. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-21 in serum exosomes from patients with HCC or chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and investigated the potential clinical significance of miR-21. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the concentration of miR-21 was significantly higher in exosomes than in exosome-depleted supernatants or the whole serum. Further, the expression level of serum exosomal miR-21 was significantly higher in patients with HCC than those with CHB or healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, resp.). High level of miR-21 expression correlated with cirrhosis (P = 0.024) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.001). Although serum level of miR-21 was higher in patients with HCC than in patients with CHB and healthy volunteers, the sensitivity of detection is much lower than using exosomal miR-21. These findings indicate that miR-21 is enriched in serum exosomes which provides increased sensitivity of detection than whole serum. Exosomal miR-21 may serve as a potential biomarker for HCC diagnosis.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Exossomos/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , MicroRNAs/sangue , RNA Neoplásico/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Feminino , Hepatite B Crônica/sangue , Hepatite B Crônica/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
World J Surg ; 38(4): 878-81, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24452291

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the outcome of thyroidectomy without the use of prophylactic antibiotics. This study was held from January 2005 to May 2012 in a teaching hospital in Dongguan, China. METHODS: A total of 1,030 thyroidectomy patients were retrospectively reviewed and basic data were recorded, including age, sex, peri-operative antibiotic use, type of thyroid surgery done, and post-operative complications. Either an open approach or an endoscopic approach was performed according to the doctor's or patient's preference following a strict aseptic technique. The drain was routinely placed. Any complications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 834 (81 %) females and 196 (19 %) males were included, giving a ratio of 4.2:1. The average age was 38.3 years. The mean operation time was 85.3 min. Pathological type included 818 (79.4 %) nodular goiter, 34 (3.3 %) Graves' disease, 102 (9.9 %) nodular papillary hyperplasia, 12 (1.2 %) Hashimoto's disease, 62 (6 %) papillary carcinoma, and 2 (0.2 %) medullary carcinoma. Four patients had postoperative bleeding, four had temporally recurrent nerve paralysis. Only one had wound infection (0.09 %). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective thyroidectomy is not an essential pre-operation preparation for all patients, if guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery are adhered to and surgeons have sophisticated skills in the procedure.


Assuntos
Antibioticoprofilaxia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , China , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24311846

RESUMO

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the extraction process of ethanol extract of Radix Semiaquilegiae, as well as its inhibitory activity on human hepatoma HepG-2 and SMMC-7721 cells, and to compare the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of ethanol extracts against these two hepatoma cells. Ethanol reflux extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol at room temperature were used in the extraction process, and MTT assay was mainly used in the activity experiment to perform in-vitro anti HepG-2 and SMMC-7721 cell activity screening of ethanol extract, and to calculate the cell inhibition rates of the extracts. The results showed that among the two types of extracts, ethanol reflux extract had more superior antitumour activity to that of the ultrasonic extract, but all of the extracts obtained had certain anti-cancer activities, and the anti-proliferative activity increased with the increase of concentration.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Semiaquilegia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas
6.
Pain ; 154(2): 294-305, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23246025

RESUMO

It is known that interleukin-17 (IL-17) is associated with autoimmune disorders and that peripheral IL-17 plays a role in arthritis and neuropathic pain. The present study investigated the possibility of spinal cell expression of IL-17 during inflammatory pain and possible IL-17 involvement in such pain. Hyperalgesia was induced by injecting complete Freund adjuvant (CFA, 0.08mL, 40µg Mycobacterium tuberculosis) into one hind paw of the rat. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was tested before (-48h) and 2 and 24h after CFA injection to assess hyperalgesia. IL-17 antibody (0.2-2µg/rat) was given intrathecally (i.t.) 24h before CFA to block the action of basal IL-17 and 2h before each of 2 PWL tests to block CFA-induced IL-17. I.t. recombinant IL-17 (10-400ng per rat) was administered to naive rats to determine its effects on PWL and phosphorylated NR1 (p-NR1). p-NR1 modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity to facilitate pain. Spinal cords were removed for IL-17 immunostaining, double immunostaining of IL-17/cell markers and IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA)/NR1, for Western blot testing of IL-17, p-NR1, IL-17RA, and GFAP, for in situ IL-17RA hybridization, and for real time polymerase chain reaction of IL-17RA. The data reveal that IL-17 is up-regulated in activated and nonactivated astrocytes; that IL-17RA is localized in NR1-immunoreactive neurons and up-regulated; and that IL-17 antibody at 2µg/rat significantly increased PWL (P<.05) and decreased p-NR1 and IL-17RA compared to control in CFA- and IL-17-injected rats. The results suggest that spinal IL-17 is produced by astrocytes and enhances p-NR1 to facilitate pain.


Assuntos
Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos/farmacologia , Adjuvante de Freund , Temperatura Alta , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Interleucina-17/genética , Masculino , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Medição da Dor , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Interleucina-17/genética , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/genética , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/metabolismo
7.
Mol Med Rep ; 6(6): 1428-32, 2012 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23008108

RESUMO

Islet cell transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for type-1 diabetes. However, functional islet cells are hard to obtain for transplantation and are in short supply. Directing the differentiation of stem cells into insulin­producing cells, which serve as islet cells, would overcome this shortage. Bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The present study used bone marrow cells isolated from rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) that were derived from bone marrow cells in culture. Strong nestin staining was detected in NSCs, but not in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In vitro transfection of the pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) gene into NSCs generated insulin­producing cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis confirmed that PDX-1-transfected NSCs expressed insulin mRNA and released insulin protein. However, insulin release from PDX-1-transfected NSCs did not respond to the challenge of glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1. These results support the use of bone marrow-derived NSCs as a renewable source of insulin-producing cells for autologous transplantation to treat type-1 diabetes.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Transativadores/metabolismo , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/farmacologia , Glucose/farmacologia , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Insulina/genética , Insulina/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Nestina/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Transativadores/genética , Transfecção
9.
Cell Biochem Biophys ; 62(1): 113-8, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21979290

RESUMO

We wished to study the efficacy and safety of the retrograde ligation of short hepatic veins (SHVs) and the right hepatic vein (HV) through the retrohepatic tunnel in patients who underwent hemihepatectomy due to large hepatic carcinoma in the right lobe of the liver. Right hemihepatectomy was performed in 23 patients with tumors larger than 8 cm in diameter. The liver was separated at the secondary porta, and the interspace between right HVs and middle HVs was expanded. The right hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery were freed and ligated, followed by the retrograde dissection of SHVs and the right HV along the right retrohepatic space anterior to the inferior vena cava. A blocking belt was set at the left side of the midline, after which the right liver was cut off. The procedure was successfully completed in all patients. The average amount of intraoperative blood loss was 640 ml. The change in hepatic function was observed on the third postoperative day. Twenty-two patients exhibited satisfactory results; one patient died from postoperative hepatic failure. In conclusion, this procedure can be safely performed in most hemihepatectomy patients with liver tumors.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Hepatectomia/normas , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Veias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Humanos , Ligadura , Testes de Função Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
10.
Brain Res ; 1414: 58-65, 2011 Sep 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21872220

RESUMO

Research supports the effectiveness of acupuncture for conditions such as chronic low back and knee pain. In a five-patient pilot study the modality also improved the symptoms of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Using an established rat model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, we evaluated the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on paclitaxel-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia that has not been studied in an animal model. We hypothesize that EA would relieve the paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, which was assessed 30 min after EA using von Frey filaments. Beginning on day 13, the response frequency to von Frey filaments (4-15 g) was significantly increased in paclitaxel-injected rats compared to those injected with vehicle. EA at 10 Hz significantly (P<0.05) decreased response frequency at 4-15 g compared to sham EA; EA at 100 Hz only decreased response frequency at 15 g stimulation. Compared to sham EA plus vehicle, EA at 10 Hz plus either a µ, δ, or κ opioid receptor antagonist did not significantly decrease mechanical response frequency, indicating that all three antagonists blocked EA inhibition of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Since we previously demonstrated that µ and δ but not κ opioid receptors affect EA anti-hyperalgesia in an inflammatory pain model, these data show that EA inhibits pain through different opioid receptors under varying conditions. Our data indicate that EA at 10 Hz inhibits mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia more potently than does EA at 100 Hz. Thus, EA significantly inhibits paclitaxel-induced allodynia/hyperalgesia through spinal opioid receptors, and EA may be a useful complementary treatment for neuropathic pain patients.


Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Hiperalgesia/terapia , Naltrexona/análogos & derivados , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/farmacologia , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/terapia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Naltrexona/farmacologia , Paclitaxel/toxicidade , Medição da Dor , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Somatostatina/análogos & derivados , Somatostatina/farmacologia
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21799685

RESUMO

Osteoarthritis currently has no cure. Acupuncture can benefit patients with knee osteoarthritis by providing pain relief, improving joint function and serving as an effective complement to standard care. However, the underlying mechanisms of its effects are still not completely understood. The present study, an investigation of the effectiveness and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) in attenuating osteoarthritis pain in a rat model, is focused on the involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A/C (5-HT2A/C) receptors, which play an important role in pain modulation at the spinal level. Osteoarthritis was induced under isoflurane anesthesia by a single intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 µL/rat) into one hind leg of each rat. EA was given at acupoints GB 30 and ST 36 on days 1-4 after the injection. Vehicle or ketanserin, a 5-HT2A/C receptor antagonist, was given intraperitoneally (1 mg kg(-1)) or intrathecally (5 µg or 10 µg/10 µL), 30 min before each EA treatment. Assessment of weight-bearing difference between injected and uninjected hind legs was done on days 0, 1-4 and 7. Fos /serotonin and serotonin/Fluorogold double labeling were performed to determine EA activation of serotonergic neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) that project to spinal cord. The results showed that EA significantly decreases weight-bearing difference compared to sham EA. Ketanserin pretreatment blocked the analgesic effect of EA but did not influence weight bearing in sham EA control rats. EA also activated serotonergic NRM neurons that project to the spinal cord. These data show that EA inhibits osteoarthritis-induced pain by enhancing spinal 5-HT2A/2C receptor activity.

12.
Neurochem Res ; 36(11): 2104-10, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21695393

RESUMO

Although studies demonstrate that electroacupuncture (EA) alleviates the sensory dimension of pain, they have not addressed EA's effect on the affective dimension. An inflammatory pain rat model, produced by a complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) injection into the hind paw, was combined with a conditioned place avoidance test to determine EA's effects and its underpinning mechanism on the affective dimension of pain. CFA-injected rats showed place aversion, i.e. the affective dimension of pain, by spending less time in a pain-paired compartment after conditioning than before, while saline-injected rats did not. CFA rats given EA treatment at GB30 before a post-conditioning test showed no aversion to the pain-paired compartment, indicating that EA inhibited the affective response. Intra-rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) administration of a κ-, but not µ-opioid receptor antagonist, blocked EA action. These data demonstrate that EA activates opioid receptors in the rACC to inhibit the affective dimension of pain.


Assuntos
Afeto/fisiologia , Eletroacupuntura , Hiperalgesia/terapia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Condicionamento Clássico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Adjuvante de Freund , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Inflamação/terapia , Masculino , Naltrexona/análogos & derivados , Naltrexona/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Opioides kappa/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Opioides mu/antagonistas & inibidores , Somatostatina/análogos & derivados , Somatostatina/farmacologia
13.
Brain Res ; 1395: 38-45, 2011 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21565329

RESUMO

It has been reported that intracerebroventricular injection of a µ receptor antagonist blocked 2 but not 100Hz electroacupuncture (EA)-produced analgesia in an uninjured animal model. Because persistent pain changes neural response to external stimulation, we hypothesized that the mechanisms of EA anti-hyperalgesia may be different in persistent pain than in health. Hyperalgesia, decreased paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus, was induced by subcutaneously injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats. Selective antagonists against µ (CTOP: D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-ThrNH2, 6.25 nmol) and κ (Nor-BIN: nor-binaltorphimine, 10 nmol) opioid receptors were infused into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) 10 min before a 30-min EA treatment at acupoint Huantiao (GB30) 1h 30 min post-CFA. PWL was measured before and 2.5 post-CFA. Both 10 Hz and 100 Hz EA-produced anti-hyperalgesia were blocked by intra-RVM µ, but not κ, receptor antagonists. Double immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that µ receptor-containing neurons were GABAnergic and that GABAa receptor-containing neurons were serotonergic in the RVM. The results demonstrated an involvement of RVM µ, but not κ, receptors in EA-produced anti-hyperalgesia. In summary, EA may induce release of endogenous endomorphins that activate µ opioid receptors in GABAnergic neurons to suppress the release of GABA. This removes the tonic inhibition of GABA on serotonergic neurons in the RVM, and activation of these serotonergic neurons inhibits pain. EA may be used as complementary treatment for inflammatory pain.


Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/terapia , Bulbo/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides kappa/fisiologia , Receptores Opioides mu/fisiologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Adjuvante de Freund/administração & dosagem , Adjuvante de Freund/toxicidade , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Bulbo/efeitos dos fármacos , Bulbo/fisiopatologia , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibição Neural/fisiologia , Inflamação Neurogênica/metabolismo , Inflamação Neurogênica/patologia , Inflamação Neurogênica/terapia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Opioides kappa/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Opioides mu/antagonistas & inibidores
14.
Neurochem Res ; 36(10): 1785-92, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21556842

RESUMO

We previously showed that electroacupuncture (EA) activates medulla-spinal serotonin-containing neurons. The present study investigated the effects of intrathecal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, a selective neurotoxin for serotonergic terminals, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) antagonist NAN-190 hydrobromide and the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) antagonist SB-242,084 on EA anti-hyperalgesia. EA was given twice at acupoint GB30 after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into hind paw. CFA-induced hyperalgesia was measured by assessing hind paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus 30 min post-EA. Serotonin depletion and the 5-HT1AR antagonist blocked EA anti-hyperalgesia; the 5-HT2CR antagonist did not. Immunohistochemical staining showed that spinal 5-HT1AR was expressed and that 5-HT2CR was absent in naive and CFA-injected animals 2.5 h post-CFA. These results show a correlation between EA anti-hyperalgesia and receptor expression. Collectively, the data show that EA activates supraspinal serotonin neurons to release 5-HT, which acts on spinal 5-HT1AR to inhibit hyperalgesia.


Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Hiperalgesia/terapia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Dor/fisiopatologia , Receptor 5-HT1A de Serotonina/metabolismo , Receptor 5-HT2C de Serotonina/metabolismo , 5,6-Di-Hidroxitriptamina/análogos & derivados , 5,6-Di-Hidroxitriptamina/farmacologia , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Creatinina/análogos & derivados , Creatinina/farmacologia , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT1 de Serotonina/farmacologia , Medula Espinal/citologia , Medula Espinal/metabolismo
15.
Zhen Ci Yan Jiu ; 34(1): 36-42, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19526806

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the innervating character of tissues around the acupoints and along the meridian course and to analyze the reflex activity correlation between acupuncture points in a given meridian in the rat. METHODS: Forty Wistar and 15 SD rats were used in this study. Electrical activities of microfilaments of the afferent nerves (deep tibial nerve, peroneal nerve and the lateral cutaneous nerve of the leg) were observed for identifying their receptive field and the type of nerve fibers. Nerve stem-antidromic stimulation induced Evan's blue extravasation method was employed to compare the difference of the nerve ending distribution in the acupoint area and non-acupoint area. The reflex activities evoked by electric stimulation of the acupoint were used to analyze the interrelation between acupoint and meridian. RESULTS: Findings showed that a great majority of the afferent nerve endings supplying the tibialis anterior/rectus femoris muscle and the foot skin distributed in an uneven pattern in the sites being in accord with acupoints or with the orbit of meridians. Antidromic stimulation of C-fibers in the deep tibial nerve evoked extravasation of Evan's blue from the plasma into the interstitial fluid, blue foci appeared at the acupoints of the Stomach Meridian and along the orbit of the Stomach Meridian. The special distribution of the afferent nerve endings in the acupoint was also associated with the special reflex activity originating from the acupoints of the muscle group of a given meridian. CONCLUSION: The acupoint is an excitable muscle/skin-nerve complex with greatest concentration of nerve endings. The meridian consists of acupoints that possess a close interaction in physiological reflex activities.


Assuntos
Pontos de Acupuntura , Neurônios Aferentes/fisiologia , Ratos Wistar , Reflexo , Nervo Isquiático/fisiologia , Animais , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Masculino , Meridianos , Ratos
16.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 8: 20, 2008 May 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18474100

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies show that electroacupuncture (EA) has beneficial effects in patients with inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the mechanisms of EA anti-inflammation, using a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw inflammation and hyperalgesia. DESIGN: Four experiments were conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6-7/per group). Inflammation was induced by injecting CFA into the plantar surface of one hind paw. Experiment 1 examined whether EA increases plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Experiments 2 and 3 studied the effects of the ACTH and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor antagonists, ACTH(11-24) and astressin, on the EA anti-edema. Experiment 4 determined whether EA activates CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalammus. EA treatment, 10 Hz at 3 mA and 0.1 ms pulse width, was given twice for 20 min each, once immediately post and again 2 hr post-CFA. Plasma ACTH levels, paw thickness, and paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus were measured 2 h and 5 h after the CFA. RESULTS: EA significantly increased ACTH levels 5 h (2 folds) after CFA compared to sham EA control, but EA alone in naive rats and CFA alone did not induce significant increases in ACTH. ACTH(11-24) and astressin blocked EA anti-edema but not EA anti-hyperalgesia. EA induced phosphorylation of NR1, an essential subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, in CRH-containing neurons of the paraventricular nucleus. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate that EA activates CRH neurons to significantly increase plasma ACTH levels and suppress edema through CRH and ACTH receptors in a rat model of inflammation.


Assuntos
Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/metabolismo , Edema/metabolismo , Edema/prevenção & controle , Eletroacupuntura , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/terapia , Núcleo Hipotalâmico Paraventricular/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Edema/etiologia , Adjuvante de Freund , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/etiologia , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/complicações , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
17.
Eur J Pain ; 12(7): 870-8, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18221900

RESUMO

Cancer pain impairs the quality of life of cancer patients, but opioid intervention can cause significant side effects that further decrease quality of life. Although electroacupuncture (EA) has been used to treat cancer pain, its mechanisms are largely unknown. To examine its effects and underlying mechanisms on cancer pain, we injected AT-3.1 prostate cancer cells into the tibia to induce bone cancer in the male Copenhagen rat. The resulting pain was treated with 10Hz/2mA/0.4ms pulse EA for 30min daily at the point equivalent to the human acupoint GB30 (Huantiao) between days 14 and 18 after the injection. For sham control, EA needles were inserted into GB30 without stimulation. Thermal hyperalgesia, a decrease in paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus, and mechanical hyperalgesia, a decrease in paw withdrawal pressure threshold (PWPT), was measured at baseline and 20min after the EA treatment. Preprodynorphin mRNA and dynorphin were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia developed ipsilaterally between days 12 and 18 after cancer cell inoculation. EA significantly (P<0.05) attenuated this hyperalgesia, as shown by increased PWL and PWPT, and inhibited up-regulation of preprodynorphin mRNA and dynorphin compared to sham control. Intrathecal injection of antiserum against dynorphin A (1-17) also significantly inhibited the cancer-induced hyperalgesia. These results suggest that EA alleviates bone cancer pain at least in part by suppressing dynorphin expression, and they support the clinical use of EA in the treatment of cancer pain.


Assuntos
Analgesia por Acupuntura , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Dinorfinas/biossíntese , Eletroacupuntura , Hiperalgesia/terapia , Precursores de Proteínas/biossíntese , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/fisiopatologia , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/fisiopatologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/transplante , Regulação para Baixo , Dinorfinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Dinorfinas/genética , Dinorfinas/imunologia , Hiperalgesia/etiologia , Soros Imunes , Imunização Passiva , Injeções Espinhais , Masculino , Limiar da Dor , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Ratos , Tempo de Reação , Tíbia
18.
Pain ; 135(3): 232-239, 2008 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17689191

RESUMO

Although it has been shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) facilitate perception of noxious inputs at the spinal level, the mechanisms have not been understood. This study determined the cell type that produces IL-1beta, the co-localization of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) and Fos and NR1 in the spinal cord, and the effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on NR1 phosphorylation and hyperalgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Phosphorylation of NR1, an essential subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), is known to modulate NMDAR activity and facilitate pain. Hyperalgesia was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.08ml, 40microg Mycobacterium tuberculosis) into one hind paw of each rat. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was tested before CFA (-48h) for baseline and 2 and 24h after CFA to assess hyperalgesia. IL-1ra was given (i.t.) 24h before CFA to block the action of basal IL-1beta and 2h prior to each of two PWL tests to block CFA-induced IL-1beta. Spinal cords were removed for double immunostaining of IL-1beta/neuronal marker and IL-1beta/glial cell markers, IL-1RI/Fos and IL-1RI/NR1, and for Western blot to measure NR1 phosphorylation. The data showed that: (1) astrocytes produce IL-1beta, (2) IL-1RI is localized in Fos- and NR1-immunoreactive neurons within the spinal dorsal horn, and (3) IL-1ra at 0.01mg/rat significantly increased PWL (P<0.05) and inhibited NR1 phosphorylation compared to saline control. The results suggest that spinal IL-1beta is produced by astrocytes and enhances NR1 phosphorylation to facilitate inflammatory pain.


Assuntos
Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/farmacologia , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Células do Corno Posterior/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Astrócitos/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gliose/tratamento farmacológico , Gliose/imunologia , Gliose/fisiopatologia , Hiperalgesia/imunologia , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/farmacologia , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Masculino , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/imunologia , Dor/fisiopatologia , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Células do Corno Posterior/imunologia , Células do Corno Posterior/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Reação/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Interleucina-1/imunologia , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo
19.
Brain Res ; 1186: 171-9, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18001697

RESUMO

Although electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used to treat pain, its mechanisms have not been completely understood. The present study investigated the descending inhibitory system involvement in EA action. Inflammatory pain was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant subcutaneously into one hind paw of rats with dorsolateral funiculus lesions and sham-operated rats. EA treatment, 10 Hz at 3 mA, was given twice for 20 min each, once immediately post- and again 2 h post-Freund's adjuvant at GB 30, at the junction of the lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3 of the distance between the greater trochanter and sacral hiatus. For sham EA control, acupuncture needles were inserted bilaterally into GB 30 without electrical or manual stimulation. Paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus was measured at baseline and 20 min after EA treatment. Compared to sham EA, EA significantly (P<0.05, n=9) increased withdrawal latency of the inflamed hind paws in the sham-operated rats but not in those with dorsolateral funiculus lesions, indicating that lesioning blocked EA-produced anti-hyperalgesia. EA, compared to sham EA, also significantly inhibited Fos expression in laminae I-II of the spinal cord in the sham-operated rats (58.4+/-6.5 vs. 35.2+/-5.4 per section) but not in those with dorsolateral funiculus lesions. Further, EA activated serotonin- and catecholamine-containing neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus and locus coeruleus that project to the spinal cord. The results demonstrate that EA inhibits transmission of noxious messages and hyperalgesia by activating supraspinal neurons that project to the spinal cord.


Assuntos
Eletroacupuntura , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Hiperalgesia/terapia , Masculino , Células do Corno Posterior/metabolismo , Células do Corno Posterior/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia
20.
Anesth Analg ; 105(5): 1482-8, table of contents, 2007 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17959986

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although pain affects the quality of life of cancer patients, current medical treatments are either ineffective or have side effects. In the present study we investigated the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on cancer-induced hyperalgesia and expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), upregulation of which is related to the maintenance of persistent pain, in a rat model of bone cancer pain. METHODS: Cancer was induced by injecting AT-3.1 prostate cancer cells into the tibia of male Copenhagen rats. The resulting pain was treated with 10 Hz/2 mA/0.4 ms pulse EA for 30 min daily at the equivalent of the human acupoint GB30 (Huantiao) between Days 14 and 18 after cancer cell inoculation. For sham control, EA needles were inserted into GB30 without stimulation. Thermal hyperalgesia, a decrease in paw withdrawal latency to a noxious thermal stimulus, was measured at baseline and 20 min after EA treatment. IL-1beta and its mRNA were respectively determined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Thermal hyperalgesia developed between Days 12 and 18 after cancer cell inoculation. EA significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated this hyperalgesia, increasing paw withdrawal latency from 7.0 +/- 0.3 s to 9.2 +/- 0.4 s, and inhibited the upregulation of IL-1beta and its mRNA compared to the sham control. Intrathecal injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 0.1 mg/rat) also significantly inhibited cancer-induced thermal hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that EA alleviates bone cancer pain, at least in part by suppressing IL-1beta expression. The results support the clinical use of EA in the treatment of cancer pain.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/terapia , Eletroacupuntura , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-1beta/biossíntese , Dor/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/fisiologia , Masculino , Dor/etiologia , Dor/prevenção & controle , Ratos
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