Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1R agonist) on the lipid, glucose levels, and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The study group was treated with metformin and polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection, while the control group was treated with metformin. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in FPG (Fasting Blood Glucose) and PPG (Post Prandial Glycaemia) levels between the study group and the control group (p>0.05). After a treatment period, the FPG and PPG levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). With the longer treatment time, the patient's weight and BMI were lower (p<0.05). The weight and BMI of patients changed the least after one month of treatment, and the weight and BMI changed the most after more than seven months of treatment. After a period of treatment, the levels of FPG and PPG in the blood of male patients in the study group were significantly lower than those of female patients (p<0.05). After treatment, the TG level of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). In comparison, the HDL-C level was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lipid and glucose levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity have decreased after 12 weeks of polyethylene glycol loxanatide use. The weight of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity has changed after using polyethylene glycol loxenatide for a period of treatment. Among them, there is a certain relationship between body weight and treatment time, gender, and original body weight, which is worthy of further research and promotion in clinical practice.

[A case-control study of occupational noise exposure induced high-frequency hearing loss and the risk of hypertension].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high frequency hearing loss caused by occupational noise and the risk of hypertension. Methods: In March 2020, a case-control study was conducted. All noise exposed workers who participated in occupational health examination in Wuxi City in 2019 were selected as the study subjects (95432 cases in total) . The hypertension group was defined as the case group, and the normotensive group was defined as the control group. According to the hearing threshold, they were divided into the non high frequency hearing loss group (<40 dB) and the high frequency hearing loss group (≥ 40 dB) . Univariate statistical method and binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between high-frequency hearing loss and hypertension risk. Stratified analysis was used to compare the risk of hypertension among workers with high-frequency hearing loss of different ages and length of service. Results: There were significant differences in gender, age, length of service, enterprise scale, economic type and high-frequency hearing loss between control group and hypertension group (P<0.05) . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, length of service, enterprise scale and economic type, the risk of hypertension in the high-frequency hearing loss group was still increased (OR=1.062, 95%CI: 1.007~1.121, P=0.027) . The risk of hypertension in high-frequency hearing loss patients was higher than that in non high-frequency hearing loss patients in 20-39 years old and 40-59 years old age groups (OR=1.536, 95%CI: 1.353~1.743; OR=1.179, 95%CI: 1.111~1.250; P<0.05) . The risk of hypertension in high-frequency hearing loss patients in <5years, 5-9years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years and ≥20 years working age groups were higher than that in non high-frequency hearing loss groups (OR=1.926, 95%CI=1.007-1.121; OR=1.635, 95%CI=1.478-1.810; OR=1.312, 95%CI=1.167-1.474; OR=1.445, 95%CI=1.238-1.686; OR=1.235, 95%CI=1.043-1.463; P<0.05) . Conclusion: There is a certain relationship between high-frequency hearing loss caused by occupational noise and the risk of hypertension, and the risk of hypertension is different among high-frequency hearing loss patients of different ages and working years.

[Scanning electron microscopic observation of the external morphology of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological characteristics of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages. METHODS: The cultured D. farinae was isolated, and the external morphological features of mites at various developmental stages were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including egg, larva, nymph and adult stages. RESULTS: The D. farinae egg appeared a long oval shape, and the larval mites had three pairs of legs. The nymph had four pairs of legs and underdeveloped genital pores containing genital setae and anal setae, and adult mites appeared long and oval in shape, with decorative patterns on epidermis, and had four pairs of legs. In male adult mites, remarkable thickening of the leg I and thicker and longer leg III than the leg IV were seen, and ventral genital regions were found between the basal segments of legs III and IV; the anus was surrounded by a circular peri-anal ring, with a pair of anal suckers and anal setae within the ring. In the female adult mites, slender legs III and IV with an equal length were seen, and a "λ-shape" genital hole was observed on the ventral surface, with a crescent-like genital plate in the anterior part, and the anus appeared a longitudinal slit. CONCLUSIONS: An SEM observation of the external morphology of D. farinae provides understandings of the morphological characteristics of D. farinae, which is of great significance for the classification and identification.

[Correlational verification of drug-induced liver injury with HLA-B*35:01 allele due to Polygonum multiflorum].

In order to verify the correlation between Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury and HLA-B*35 : 01 alleles, six hospitalized patients diagnosed with Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury (PM-DILI) were selected, and their clinicopathological data were collected. Simultaneously, blood HLA-B* 35 : 01 allele detection was performed. Among the six PM-DILI cases, 4 were male, aged 38.83 ± 10.13 years old. The types of liver injury were hepatocellular injury types in all, and the severity of liver injury in five cases was grade 3. The histological presentations were acute hepatitis and acute cholestatic hepatitis. PM-DILI cases were all HLA-B*35:01 carriers, with a carrier rate of 100%. This finding indicates that PM-DILI is significantly correlated with HLA-B*35:01 alleles. Therefore, HLA-B*35 : 01 alleles can be used as an important predictive indicator for PM-DILI.

[Survival analysis of silicosis patients in Wuxi City].

Objective: To analyze the living condition and influencing factors of silicosis patients in Wuxi City form 1975 to 2019. Methods: Through the monitoring of death causes of residents, the paper-based materials and online report system of diagnosis over the years, and the combination of public security and human social system to obtain 3721 cases of silicosis patients as subjects form August to December 2019. And the combination of Kaplan Meier method and life table method were used to carry out single factor survival analysis. Through Cox regression model to analyze the factors affecting the survival time of patients. Results: From 1975 to 2019, 3721 cases of silicosis and 1274 deaths have been reported in Wuxi City, with a mortality rate of 34.24% and a median survival time of 30.9 years. With the development of diagnosis time, the mortality decreased significantly (χ(2)=747.75, P<0.05) . Compared with the first stage silicosis patients, the risk of decreased survival time of the third stage silicosis patients increased (HR=1.486, P<0.05) . Compared with the non-smoking patients, the risk of decreased survival time of the smoking patients increased (HR=1.136, P<0.05) . Compared with the patients who were less than 30 years old, the risk of decreased survival time of patients with 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old and more than 60 years old were increased (HR=9.641, 13.650, 26.794, P<0.05) . Compared with the patients who received industrial and commercial insurance, the risk of decreased survival time of patients who received compensation from employers, basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, other social compensation and no compensation were increased (HR=3.137, 3.119, 5.129, 8.442, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The survival time of silicosis patients is related to the stage of silicosis, smoking condition, age of onset and social compensation. We should focus on controlling the above risk factors so as to improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their lives.

Cigarette smoking and risk of herpes zoster: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

The effects of cigarette smoking on the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) infection remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking and HZ. Participants were collected from four rounds (2001, 2005, 2009 and 2013) of the Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. Incident cases of HZ were identified from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance database. Of the 57 641 participants, 3346 developed HZ during the observation period. After controlling for confounders, current smokers had a lower risk of incident HZ than never-smokers (adjusted hazard ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.62-0.77). There was a trend toward a decreased risk of HZ with increasing numbers of cigarettes per day, years of smoking and cumulative pack-years of smoking among current smokers (Ptrend < 0.001). Former smoking was not associated with risk of HZ. In conclusion, current smoking was significantly associated with a decreased risk of developing HZ.

Cigarette smoking and risk of rosacea: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Most evidence regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of rosacea is obtained from cross-sectional or case-control studies. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between smoking and risk of developing rosacea. METHODS: Participants were collected from four rounds (2001, 2005, 2009 and 2013) of the Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. Incident cases of rosacea were identified from the National Health Insurance database. Cox proportional hazard model was used for the analyses. RESULTS: Of the 59 973 participants, 379 developed rosacea during a mean follow-up of 10.8 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, current smokers had a lower risk of rosacea than never smokers [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.92]. An increase in smoking intensity was associated with a decreased risk of rosacea among current smokers (Ptrend  = 0.0101). Compared with never smokers, current smokers of >15 cigarettes/day had an aHR of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26-0.99) for rosacea. For incident rosacea, the aHRs (95% CIs) of current smokers of ≤10 years of smoking and ≤10 pack-years of smoking were 0.44 (0.22-0.88) and 0.51 (0.29-0.89), respectively. Former smoking was not associated with rosacea risk. CONCLUSION: Current smoking was significantly associated with a decreased risk of rosacea.

High expression of SHMT2 is correlated with tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in gastrointestinal tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal tumors are malignant tumors with high morbidity. Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of serine and glycine, which has prognostic and therapeutic value for many malignant tumors. However, the role of SHMT2 in gastric cancer (GC), esophageal cancer (ESCC), and colorectal cancer (CC) has not been clarified. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression of SHMT2 was detected in GC, ESCC, and CC by immunohistochemistry and reverse real time transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between SHMT2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed by the survival analysis and correlation analysis. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of SHMT2 in GC, ESCC, and CC was 74.1%, 69.2%, and 71.7%, respectively. Patients with high expression of SHMT2 had a worse prognosis. In GC, high SHMT2 expression had positive correlation with lymph node metastasis (p=0.005) and histological grade (p=0.002). In ESCC, high SHMT2 expression had positive correlation with pT classification (p=0.033) and pM classification (p=0.029). In CC, high SHMT2 expression had positive correlation with tumor size (p=0.004), lymph node metastasis (p=0.035), TNM stage (p=0.007), and histological grade (p=0.020). Notably, SHMT2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and DSS in GC, ESCC, and CC (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SHMT2 is upregulated in GC, ESCC, and CC. The high expression of SHMT2 is correlated with gastrointestinal tumors progression, and poor prognosis, which is a potential new target for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.

Using latent class analysis to identify money boys at highest risk of HIV infection.

OBJECTIVES: Limited research has been conducted to investigate the characteristics of money boys (MBs) in China. This study was aimed to identify the subgroups of MBs based on sexual behaviors, Net-based venue sex-seeking, and substance abuse. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used to recruit MBs from December 2014 to June 2015 in Tianjin, China. Face-to-face interviews were conducted for 330 MBs, and trained interviewers collected data. RESULTS: The laboratory-confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive rate was 11.52% among 330 MBs. Four classes were identified through latent class analysis (LCA) method: 'relatively safe behavior' group, 'higher sexual risk' group, 'multiple sexual-partners' group, and 'unprotected sex and substance abuse' group, and there is a significant difference based on the HIV status. Significant differences were found in original residence, monthly income, duration in sex trade, employment, history of sexually transmitted infection (STI), HIV testing, knowledge of free antiviral treatment policy, and awareness of free AIDS testing between the four latent classes (P < 0.05). MBs who used Net-based venues to seek sexual partners; who have inconsistent condom use, substance abuse, a longer duration in sex trade, multiple sexual clients, and multiple anal sex; and who were full-time employed had the highest risk of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of LCA to identify subgroups based on risky behaviors attributes to formulating targeted intervention strategy.

Cancer is not a risk factor for bullous pemphigoid: 10-year population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune bullous disease. Whether there is an increased risk for subsequent BP among patients with cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk for subsequent BP in patients with cancer. METHODS: This nationwide population-based cohort study was based on data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2011. A total of 36 838 patients with cancer and 147 352 age-, sex- and index-date-matched controls were recruited. The hazard ratio (HR) of subsequent BP in the patients with cancer was analysed using a Fine-Gray competing risk regression model with mortality as the competing event. RESULTS: The incidence of BP per 100 000 person-years was 17·2 in the patients with cancer and 19·8 in the controls; therefore, the crude incidence rate ratio was 0·87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·53-1·36]. The HR of subsequent BP in the patients with cancer was 0·47 (95% CI 0·23-0·94) using the Fine-Gray competing risk regression model. Age (HR 1·05, 95% CI 1·03-1·07), diabetes mellitus (HR 1·69, 95% CI 1·10-2·59) and cerebrovascular disease (HR 2·14, 95% CI 1·36-3·34) were independent risk factors for BP. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of BP in patients with cancer was not higher than in the control group. Cancer is not a risk factor for BP.

[HEAD-US-C quantitative ultrasound assessment scale in evaluation of joint damage in patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A received on-demand versus prophylaxis replacement therapy].

Objective: To explore the evaluation of joint injury by HEAD-US-C (Hemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound in China, HEAD-US-C) in patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A treated with prophylaxis vs on-demand. Methods: The patients from June 2015 to July 2017 with moderate or severe hemophilia A were examined by ultrasound imaging of the elbows, knees and ankles; Meanwhile the HEAD-US-C ultrasound assessment scale and hemophilia joint health score scale 2.1 (HJHS2.1) were used to score the joint status. The correlation between the HEAD-US-C and HJHS score was performed in prophylaxis group and on-demand group patients, respectively. Results: A total of 925 cases of joint ultrasonography were conducted in 70 patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A. Among patients with moderate hemophilia, the median (IQR) of HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score in on-demand group were significantly higher than those in the prophylaxis group[1 (0, 6) vs 0.5 (0, 3) , z=0.177, P=0.046],[2 (0, 4) vs 2 (0, 3) z=0.375, P=0.007], even though there was no significant difference of the median (IQR) number of annualized target joints bleeding episodes between on-demand and prophylaxis groups[1 (0, 7) vs 1 (0, 5) , z=1.271, P=0.137]. Unlike in moderate cases, on-demand treatment group had more annualized target joints bleeding episodes than prophylaxis group among patients with severe hemophilia[3 (0, 8) vs 2 (0, 8) , z=0.780 P=0.037]. The prophylaxis group compared favorably with on-demand therapy group in terms of HEAD-US-C score[1 (0, 6) vs 4 (0, 7) , z=2.189, P=0.008], and HJHS score[2 (0, 5) , 4 (1, 6) , z=3646, P<0.001]for the severe hemophilia patients. The positive correlation between HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score was identified (P<0.05) , whether on-demand treatment or prophylaxis groups. The correlation coefficient between HEAD-US-C score and HJHS score in on-demand treatment and prophylaxis groups were 0.739 (95% CI 0.708-0.708) , 0.865 (95% CI 0.848-0.848) respectively, and 95% CI didn't overlap (P<0.05) , indicating that the correlation coefficient in prophylaxis group had stronger correlation than that in on-demand group. Conclusions: Clinical effects of prophylaxis were significantly better than those of on-demand treatment in patients with moderate or se-vere haemophilia A. HEAD-US-C scoring system could effectively evaluate joints damage in hemophilia A patients treated with on-demand or prophylaxis, companied by significantly positive correlation with HJHS clinical evaluation system, and provided objective index for clinical effect assessment.

[Clinical application and optimization of HEAD-US quantitative ultrasound assessment scale for hemophilic arthropathy].

Objective: To assess the feasibility of HEAD-US scale in the clinical application of hemophilic arthropathy (HA) and propose an optimized ultrasound scoring system. Methods: From July 2015 to August 2017, 1 035 joints ultrasonographic examinations were performed in 91 patients. Melchiorre, HEAD-US (Hemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound) and HEAD-US-C (HEAD-US in China) scale scores were used respectively to analyze the results. The correlations between three ultrasound scales and Hemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were evaluated. The sensitivity differences of the above Ultrasonic scoring systems in evaluation of HA were compared. Results: All the 91 patients were male, with median age of 16 (4-55) years old, including 86 cases of hemophilia A and 5 cases hemophilia B. The median (P25, P75) of Melchiorre, HEAD-US and HEAD-US-C scores of 1 035 joints were 2(0,6), 1(0,5) and 2(0,6), respectively, and the correlation coefficients compared with HJHS was 0.747, 0.762 and 0.765 respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.001). The positive rates of Melchiorre, HEAD-US-C and HEAD-US scale score were 63.0% (95%CI 59.7%-65.9%), 59.5% (95%CI 56.5%-62.4%) and 56.6% (95%CI 53.6%-59.6%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Even for 336 cases of asymptomatic joints, the positive rates of Melchiorre, HEAD-US-C and HEAD-US scale score were 25.0% (95%CI 20.6%-29.6%), 17.0% (95%CI 12.6%-21.1%) and 11.9% (95%CI 8.4%-15.7%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). There were significant changes (P<0.05) in the ultrasonographic score of HA before and after onset of hemorrhage in 107 joints of 40 patients. The difference in variation amplitude of HEAD-US-C scores and HEAD-US scores before and after joint bleeding was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared with Melchiorre, there were similar good correlations between HEAD-US, HEAD-US-C and HJHS. HEAD-US ultrasound scoring system is quick, convenient and simple to use. The optimized HEAD-US-C scale score is more sensitive than HEAD-US, especially for patients with HA who have subclinical state, which make up for insufficiency of sensitivity in HEAD-US scoring system.

[Scanning electron microscopic observation on morphology of Carpoglyphus lactis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological characteristics of live Carpoglyphus lactis at different stages of life cycle and its ultrastructure. METHODS: The live C. lactis specimens were isolated from longan pulp, and firstly rinsed with double distilled water under a light microscope to make slide preparation by the conventional manner, and then were made into scanning electron microscope (SEM) specimens. The specimens were observed under SEM for the ultrastructure characteristics at different developmental stages including egg, larva, nymph and adult (male and female) . RESULTS: The SEM photographs showed that the egg was oval and milky. The larva had three pairs of legs, without genital setae, preanal seta and coxal rod, and there was no trace of genital growth. The nymph had four pairs of legs, genital seta and preanal seta, whereas the genital area was looked still under-developed. The male adult had a conical gnathosoma and a pair of external verticals which were longest setae at the dorsal idiosoma, whereas the other dorsal setae were all short rhabdoid. At the ventral idiosoma, there was an aedoeagus which was like a bent cube, and the top was straight forward. The external sacral setae and post anal were longest setae. The female adult's genital plates were a composite of plastron and cutex inner root, covering the genital tract, and a hole of anus and a pair of anal setae were located at posterior of idiosoma. CONCLUSIONS: The morphological characteristics and ultra-structure of C. lactis at different stages of life cycle can be vividly observed under SEM, which provides the morphological bases for further study of the relation between parasitism and disease.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Ortleppascaris sinensis (Nematoda: Heterocheilidae) and comparative mitogenomic analysis of eighteen Ascaridida nematodes.

Ortleppascaris sinensis (Nematoda: Ascaridida) is a dominant intestinal nematode of the captive Chinese alligator. However, the epidemiology, molecular ecology and population genetics of this parasite remain largely unexplored. In this study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of O. sinensis was first determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based primer-walking strategy, and this is also the first sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of a member of the genus Ortleppascaris. The circular mitochondrial genome (13,828 bp) of O. sinensis contained 12 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, but lacked the ATP synthetase subunit 8 gene. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of mtDNAs indicated that the genus Ortleppascaris should be attributed to the family Heterocheilidae. It is necessary to sequence more mtNDAs of Ortleppascaris nematodes in the future to test and confirm our conclusion. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of O. sinensis reported here should contribute to molecular diagnosis, epidemiological investigations and ecological studies of O. sinensis and other related Ascaridida nematodes.

Combined treatment of minimally invasive 23-G vitrectomy and chandelier for superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive 23G vitrectomy combined with chandelier for the treatment of superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SBRRD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case series study of 50 patients with SBRRD was conducted. Each of these patients received minimally invasive 23G vitrectomy in one of their eye. A trocar was indwelled with two-step 23-G incision, and the chandelier was inserted in the inferior 6 o'clock pars plana. The tear was closed with 23-G vitrectomy combined with endolaser photocoagulation and infused with perfluoropropane (C3F8) under non-contact wide-angle lens. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 5-49 months (mean 23.9±1.3 months). Intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative conjunctival hyperemia, eye irritation signs and inflammation reactions, retinal anatomic reduction rate, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) changes were analyzed. RESULTS: The intraoperative scleral incision leakage required 17 sutures (34%). No complications, such as iatrogenic retinal breaks and hemorrhage occurred. The postoperative conjunctival hyperemia, eye irritation signs and inflammation reactions were mild. Transient low IOP occurred in one eye (2%) on the first day postoperatively and recovered on the next day. Transient low IOP occurred in eyes of 16 subjects (32%) and recovered after lowering IOP therapy within an average of 4 days. No complications, such as hemorrhage, effusion, choroidal detachment and endophthalmitis were observed. Forty-nine subjects (98%) had retinal reattachment in their eyes after a single surgery, and 100% eyes showed final retinal reattachment. The preoperative and postoperative BCVAs were 4.61±0.19 and 4.70±0.19, respectively, in 8 patients without detached macula, and the difference was not statistically significant (t = 2.20, p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive 23G vitrectomy combined with chandelier is a safe and effective surgical approach for the treatment of SBRRD.

Relationship of HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis: updated meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Studies indicate that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms are implicated in the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, research findings are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and PTB risk using a meta-analysis on case-control studies. METHODS: We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. We used fixed-effects or random-effects models and reported combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to estimate the quality of each case-control study. RESULTS: A total of 21 individual case-control studies were identified, including studies of 14 family alleles and 28 specific alleles. Compared with controls, DRB1*15 and DRB1*08:03 were found to have significantly higher frequencies in PTB patients; however, DRB1*03, DRB1*11, DRB1*11:03 and DRB1*12:02 had significantly lower frequencies in the total population. The association between other HLA-DRB1 family alleles and specific alleles and predisposition to PTB was not statistically significant. Among Asian populations, DRB1*03 and DRB1*07:01 were associated with a reduced incidence of PTB, while DRB1*15 and DRB1*08:03 were associated with an increased incidence of PTB. CONCLUSION: We conclude that HLA-DRB1 may be a valuable marker to predict the risk for PTB, especially in Asian populations.

Effect of curcumin on p38MAPK expression in DSS-induced murine ulcerative colitis.

The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of curcumin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and to explore the related mechanism. Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups. A group was the normal control group; B group was the model group; C group was the 1.5 mg/kg dexamethasone group based on the B group; and D, E and F groups were 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg curcumin groups, respectively, based on the B group. The mice were killed 7 days after treatment; the expression of TNF-α and MPO in colon tissue was determined with ELISA, and colon p-p38MAPK and p38MAPK mRNA expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. In the C, D, E, and F groups, TNF-α and MPO levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of p-p38MAPK also significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The expression of p38MAPK mRNA in the C, D, E, and F groups decreased (P < 0.01), and there was a statistically significant difference between the E and F groups (P < 0.01). Curcumin had a therapeutic effect, which probably played a role in UC treatment by inhibiting the p38MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing the release of TNF-α.

Effect of mannitol injection by intravenous catheter on ear vein endothelial cell apoptosis and venous thrombus in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of mannitol injection into the rabbit ear vein by intravenous catheter on endothelial cells apoptosis, thrombus formation, the expression of plasma tissue factor (TF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experiment and control group and received 20% mannitol or normal saline via ear margin veins, respectively. Both groups were injected daily. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after catheterization, rabbits were subjected to intraperitoneal anesthesia and their ear veins were isolated and then subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling) staining, and the levels of TF and vWF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the experiment group showed significantly increased thrombus formation (p < 0.05), and a significant higher rate of apoptosis in endothelial cells (p < 0.05) on days 3, 5, and 7. In addition, the experiment group showed significant elevation of plasma TF and vWF on days 3, 5, and 7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous mannitol injection by intravenous catheterization induces more serious venous thrombus formation and endothelial cells apoptosis and higher TF and vWF levels than normal saline injection. These data suggest that clinical use of hyperosmotic mannitol by intravenous catheter may exert direct deleterious effects on vascular endothelium.