[Effects of different interstocks on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of Hanfu apple]. / ä¸åŒä¸­é—´ç §æœ¨å¯¹å¯’å¯Œè‹¹æžœç”Ÿé•¿ã€äº§é‡å’Œæžœå®žå“è´¨çš„å½±å“.

A field experiment was conducted using Hanfu apple grafted on 10 dwarfing interstocks to evaluate plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of different apple-interstock combinations in Hulu-dao, Liaoning Province, in order to select the most suitable apple-interstock combinations in the study area. The results showed that tree vigor, yield, and fruit quality were largely affected by the interstocks. Among the interstocks evaluated here, plant height, branch numbers, leaf fresh weight, branch fresh weight, root fresh weight, total root volume, average root diameter and total root tip numbers were the largest on GM256, while the highest trunk diameter, branch length, total root length and total root surface area were observed on CX5, the highest fruit firmness, soluble solids and soluble sugar contents were observed on M26, and the highest fruit vertical diameter, transverse diameter and single fruit weight were observed on GM256. The fuzzy evaluation results showed that the comprehensive character scores decreased in order of GM256, CX5, B9, JM7, CG80, Liaozhen 2, M26, Qingzhen 3, SH38 and MD001. Our results indicated that interstock GM256 and CX5 was better for the cold climate region.

Functional identification of apple MdJAZ2 in Arabidopsis with reduced JA-sensitivity and increased stress tolerance.

KEY MESSAGE: Here, we report the decrease of JA-sensitivity and enhancement of tolerance to salt and PEG stresses in Arabidopsis overexpressing apple MdJAZ2. As signalling molecules, jasmonates (JAs) play significant roles in plant development and stress responses. JAZ proteins are the targets of the SCFCOI1 complex and act as the negative regulators in JA signalling pathway. However, there are no reports regarding the biological function of apple JAZ genes. In this study, one JAZ gene, MdJAZ2 from apple, was functionally characterized in detail. The expression of MdJAZ2 was up-regulated by MeJA and wounding treatments. MdJAZ2-GFP fusion protein was observed in nucleus in transient expression assay. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that MdJAZ2 could form homo- and heteromers, and also interact with F-box protein MdCOI1. Overexpression of MdJAZ2 conferred impaired JA-sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis, including JA-mediated root growth inhibition, susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, and the expression of JA response genes. Additionally, MdJAZ2 overexpression also improved tolerance to NaCl and PEG treatments in transgenic Arabidopsis. Together, our findings suggest that apple MdJAZ2 was not only involved in the JA response but also played roles in stress tolerance.

[Physiological and biochemical responses of different scion/rootstock combinations grapevine to partial rootzone drought].

By using self-made wooden boxes with two separated zones, the grapevine Vitis vinifera cv. Malvasia (M) grafted on rootstocks 3309C, 420A and 110R, respectively, was planted, and the physiological and biochemical responses of these scion/rootstock combinations to bilateral alternative irrigation (AI) and unilateral irrigation (UI) were studied. The results showed that in treatments AI and UI, the average leaf ABA content of test scion/rootstock combinations increased by 267.5% and 394.7%, respectively, while stomatal conduction and transpiration decreased markedly. In treatment UI, the leaf SOD and CAT activities and Pro content were notably enhanced, with the greatest increment in M/110R and followed by in M/420A and M/3309C; while in treatment AI, the leaf SOD and CAT activities of test scion/rootstock combinations enhanced slightly and Pro content increased markedly. UI induced a remarkable increase of leaf relative electronic conductivity and MDA and H2O2 contents, with the highest increment in M/3309C and the lowest in M/110R. In summary, the drought resistance of different scion/rootstock combinations grapevine mainly depended on the variety of rootstock. 110R had a higher drought-resistance than 420A and 3309C. Comparing with unilateral irrigation, bilateral alternative irrigation had lesser damage to grapevine, being a profitable water-saving irrigation technique.

[Changing characteristics of temperature and humidity in different type bags for bagging apple and their effects on fruit appearance quality].

This paper studied the changing characteristics of temperature and humidity in different type bags for bagging Fuji apple during its development and their effects on the appearance quality of the fruit. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the changes of temperature and humidity in the bags. Temperature started to rise rapidly from 9:00, with the highest appeared generally from 13:00 to 14:00 in spring and autumn or from 13:00 to 17:00 in mid-summer, while the lowest at about 5:00. In parallel, the highest humidity usually appeared at about 6:00. There were different microenvironments in different bags, especially in hot and rainy days. The highest temperature appeared in double-layer bags, while the highest humidity appeared in single-layer ones. Usually, high temperature led to extremely dry, e.g. the humidity in bags was below 40% at 35 degrees C. Bagging had obvious effects on fruit quality. Comparing with single-layer bags, double-layer bags had better effects in improving fruit appearance quality, and the best was that of type XL.