Study on the influence of the sY1192 gene locus in the AZFb/c region on sperm quality and pregnancy outcome.

Y chromosome microdeletions are an important cause of male infertility. At present, research on the Y chromosome is mainly focused on analyzing the loss of large segments of the azoospermia factor a/b/c (AZFa/b/c) gene, and few studies have reported the impact of unit point deletion in the AZF band on fertility. This study analyzed the effect of sperm quality after sY1192 loss in 116 patients. The sY1192-independent deletion accounted for 41.4% (48/116). Eight patterns were found in the deletions associated with sY1192. The rate of sperm detection was similar in the semen of patients with the independent sY1192 deletion and the combined sY1192 deletions (52.1% vs 50.0%). The patients with only sY1192 gene loss had a higher probability of sperm detection than the patients whose sY1192 gene locus existed, but other gene loci were lost (52.1% vs 32.0%). The hormone levels were similar in patients with sY1192 deletion alone and in those with sY1192 deletion and other types of microdeletions in the presence of the sY1192 locus. After multiple intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) attempts, the pregnancy rate of spouses of men with sY1192-independent deletions was similar to that of other types of microdeletions, but the fertilization and cleavage rates were higher. We observed that eight deletion patterns were observed for sY1192 microdeletions of AZFb/c, dominated by the independent deletion of sY1192. After ICSI, the fertilization rate and cleavage rate of the sY1192-independent microdeletion were higher than those of other Y chromosome microdeletion types, but there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes.

Contributions of individual qSOFA elements to assessment of severity and for prediction of mortality.

BACKGROUND: The quick sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment (qSOFA) acts as a prompt to consider possible sepsis. The contributions of individual qSOFA elements to assessment of severity and for prediction of mortality remain unknown. METHODS: A total of 3974 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were recruited to an observational prospective cohort study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), odds ratio, relative risk and Youden's index were employed to assess discrimination. RESULTS: Respiratory rate ≥22/min demonstrated the most superior diagnostic value, indicated by largest odds ratio, relative risk and AUROC, and maximum Youden's index for mortality. However, the indices for altered mentation and systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤100 mm Hg decreased notably in turn. The predictive validities of respiratory rate ≥22/min, altered mentation and SBP ≤100 mm Hg were good, adequate and poor for mortality, indicated by AUROC (0.837, 0.734 and 0.671, respectively). Respiratory rate ≥22/min showed the strongest associations with SOFA scores, pneumonia severity index, hospital length of stay and costs. However, SBP ≤100 mm Hg was most weakly correlated with the indices. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory rate ≥22/min made the greatest contribution to parsimonious qSOFA to assess severity and predict mortality. However, the contributions of altered mentation and SBP ≤100 mm Hg decreased strikingly in turn. It is the first known prospective evidence of the contributions of individual qSOFA elements to assessment of severity and for prediction of mortality, which might have implications for more accurate clinical triage decisions.

Respiratory rate ≥22/min demonstrated the most superior diagnostic value.Respiratory rate ≥22/min showed the strongest association with severity.Respiratory rate ≥22/min, altered mentation and SBP ≤100 mm Hg predicted mortality well, adequately and poorly, respectively.

Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit stimulates basal glucose uptake and ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance through AMPK activation in C2C12 myotubes.

BACKGROUND: The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L., a traditional medicine in China and India, is used to treat diabetes mellitus. Its water extract (WEPE) has demonstrated hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats, but its mechanisms on glucose utilization and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of WEPE on glucose utilization and insulin resistance using C2C12 myotubes. METHODS: Effects of WEPE on glucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation, and AMPK and AKT phosphorylation were investigated in C2C12 myotubes and palmitate-treated myotubes. An AMPK inhibitor and siRNA were used to explore the mechanisms of WEPE. Glucose uptake was determined using a 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake assay, and protein expression and GLUT4 translocation were assessed via western blotting. RESULTS: In normal myotubes, WEPE significantly stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane at concentrations of 125 and 250 µg/mL. This was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream targets. However, both compound C and AMPK siRNA blocked the WEPE-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Moreover, pretreatment with STO-609, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase ß (CaMKKß) inhibitor, inhibited WEPE-induced AMPK phosphorylation and attenuated the WEPE-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. In myotubes treated with palmitate, WEPE prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance by enhancing insulin-mediated glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation. It also restored the insulin-mediated translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane. However, these effects of WEPE on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation were blocked by pretreatment with compound C. CONCLUSIONS: WEPE significantly stimulated basal glucose uptake though CaMKKß/AMPK pathway and markedly ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance by activating the AMPK pathway in C2C12 myotubes.

Intraoral Acupuncture for Sialorrhea in Stroke Patients: a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Post-stroke sialorrhea (PSS) refers to excessive saliva flowing out the lip border after a stroke. PSS negatively affects patient self-image and social communication and may lead to depression. Limited evidence supports the link between excessive salivation and PSS. No large-scale, strictly controlled randomized controlled trials have shown the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating PSS patients. Objective: We aim to compare the effects of intraoral and sham acupuncture in PSS patients and explore relationships among salivation and drooling severity and frequency and swallowing function in stroke patients. Design: Clinical study protocol, SPIRIT compliant. Setting: Prospective, single-center, randomized, and sham-controlled trial. Population: We will recruit 106 PSS patients to receive 4-week intraoral or sham acupuncture. Additionally, 53 stroke patients without PSS will undergo a conventional 4-week treatment program to compare salivation between PSS and non-PSS patients. Exposures: Intraoral or sham acupuncture. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main evaluation index will be the 3-minute saliva weight (3MSW), comparing changes in 3MSW from baseline to weeks 4 and 8. Secondary assessment indices will include the "Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale" and "Functional Oral Intake Scale." Results: The results from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Conclusion: Comparing effects of intraoral and sham acupuncture in PSS patients, this study may contribute important evidence for future PSS treatment and provide valuable insights into whether salivation issues in stroke patients are attributed to heightened salivary secretion or dysphagia.

Secofumitremorgins C and D, a pair of atropisomers from saltern-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus GXIMD00544.

A pair of atropisomers secofumitremorgins C (1a) and D (1b), together with fifteen known alkaloids (2-16), were isolated from a saltern-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus GXIMD00544. The structures of atropisomers 1a and 1b were elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic data, chemical reaction and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 and 8 displayed antifungal spore germination effects against plant pathogenic fungus associated with sugarcane Fusarium sp. with inhibitory rates of 53% and 77% at the concentration of 100 µM, repectively. Atropisomers 1 also exhibited antifouling potential against Balanus amphitrite larval settlement with an inhibitory rate of 96% at the concentration of 100 µM.

Associations of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein with bacterial load, proinflammatory cytokines and mortality from pneumonia.

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that plays a critical role in triggering inflammatory responses. It remains unknown whether CIRP is strongly associated with bacterial load, inflammatory response, and mortality in sepsis model. Pneumonia was induced in specific pathogen-free 8-9-week old male rats by injecting bacteria via puncture of the tracheal cartilage. The expressions of CIRP and proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1ß] in lung tissues, alveolar macrophages (AMs), plasma, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of bacteria recovered from the lungs were correlated with the bacterial loads injected and mortality. The expressions of CIRP increased sharply as the bacterial loads increased in the lung tissues and AMs. The amounts of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß proteins synthesized were dependent on the bacterial load in the lung tissues. Releases of CIRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß increased with the bacterial load in the blood plasma. The proteins confirmed similar patterns in the BALF. CIRP was strongly associated with the releases of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in the lung tissues, blood plasma, and BALF, and showed a close correlation with mortality. CIRP demonstrated a strong association with bacterial load, which is new evidence, and close correlations with proinflammatory cytokines and mortality of pneumonia in rats, suggesting that it might be an interesting pneumonic biomarker for monitoring host response and predicting mortality, and a promising target for immunotherapy.

Effects of exogenous melatonin on the osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity of Ginkgo biloba seedlings under salt stress.

We investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on the osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity of 4-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings under salt stress. There were three treatments, with low (50 mmol·L-1), medium (100 mmol·L-1), and high (200 mmol·L-1) NaCl stress. Leaves were sprayed and the soil was watered with melatonin solution (0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 mmol·L-1). The results showed that saline stress significantly inhibited the osmoregulation and antioxidant capacities of G. biloba seedlings. Application of exogenous melatonin at appropriate concentrations (0.02, 0.1 mmol·L-1) under salt stress could promote plant growth, reduce the rate of electrolyte leakage, decrease the content of flavonoids and malonic dialdehyde, and enhance peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in leaves. High concentration (0.5 mmol·L-1) of exogenous melatonin would aggravate the oxidative and osmotic stresses. The 0.02 and 0.1 mmol·L-1 exogenous melatonin alleviated osmotic stress and oxidative stress in G. biloba seedlings under salt stress, while the 0.02 mmol·L-1 exogenous melatonin treatment had the best effect on NaCl stress alleviation. Ground diameter, branch width, branch length, electrolyte leakage rate, superoxide dismutase activity, and flavonoids content could be used as the key indices for rapid identification of the degree of salt stress in G. biloba seedlings.

Modulating ß-Keto-enamine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Atom-Transfer Radical Addition Reaction.

The atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction simultaneously forges carbon-carbon and carbon-halogen bonds. However, frequently-used photosensitizers such as precious transition metal complexes, or organic dyes have limitations in terms of their potential toxicity and recyclability. Three ß-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol and 1,4-phenylenediamines with variable transient photocurrent and photocatalytic activity have been prepared. A COF bearing electron-deficient Cl atoms displayed the highest photocatalytic activity toward the ATRA reaction of polyhalogenated alkanes to give halogenated olefins under visible light at room temperature. This heterogeneous photocatalyst exhibited good functional group tolerance and could be recycled without significant loss of activity.

Carneusones A-F, Benzophenone Derivatives from Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus carneus GXIMD00543.

Six benzophenone derivatives, carneusones A-F (1-6), along with seven known compounds (7-13) were isolated from a strain of sponge-derived marine fungus Aspergillus carneus GXIMD00543. Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 5, 6, and 8 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity on NO secretion using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells with EC50 values of 34.6 ± 0.9, 20.2 ± 1.8, and 26.8 ± 1.7 µM, while 11 showed potent effect with an EC50 value of 2.9 ± 0.1 µM.

Effectiveness of conjunctival bleb scarring by knock-down of heat shock protein 47 in rat model.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of knock-down of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) on conjunctival bleb scarring in a rat model and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) and were treated with either phosphate buffered solution, shControl, mitomycin C, or sh-HSP47 using a microsyringe immediately after GFS. The morphology of filtering blebs was observed postoperatively. The levels of HSP47 were analyzed at 2, 5, 8, and 11d after GFS via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The silencing effect of HSP47, the expression of collagen I and III, and the potential signaling pathways of HSP47 during scarification were explored 11d post GFS. The protein levels of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), phospho-Smad2 (pSmad2), phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3), and phospho-p38 (p-p38) were also analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS: Sh-HSP47 treatment significantly prolonged the functional filtration bleb retention. The levels of HSP47 were increased significantly at 5, 8, and 11d postoperatively compared to the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001). The levels of HSP47 protein at day 11 postoperatively were significantly down-regulated after HSP47 silencing using sh-HSP47 adenovirus transfection (P<0.01). Expression levels of collagen I and III within the blebs were significantly reduced in the absence of HSP47 (P<0.01). Moreover, the protein levels of TGF-ß1, p-Smad2/3, and p-p38 were dramatically inhibited after treatment with sh-HSP47 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effects of HSP47 knock-down on scarring after GFS have the potential to be an efficacious therapeutic option for the treatment of conjunctival bleb scarring.

Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes [Cu(dmp)(N

Earth-abundant copper(I) coordination complexes of an imine-phosphine and a diimine have been developed as visible-light photocatalysts. Reaction of [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 with hetero-bidentate phosphinopyrazole (phpz) ligand R1R2C3HN2PPh3 (R1 = R2 = H (1a); R1 = H, R2 = Me (1b); R1 = H, R2 = Ph (1c); R1 = R2 = Me (1d)) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) gave four heteroleptic bis-chelate Cu(I) complexes [Cu(dmp)(R1R2C3HN2PPh3)]BF4 (R1 = R2 = H (2a); R1 = H, R2 = Me (2b); R1 = H, R2 = Ph (2c); R1 = R2 = Me (2d)) with distorted tetrahedral geometries. Complexes 2a-2d exhibited broad absorption in the visible spectrum and could facilitate photochemical intermolecular atom-transfer radical addition reactions of CBr4, or CCl3Br, CHI3 to styrenes in yields up to 91% and with a broad substrate scope. The absorption, emission, redox potential and photocatalytic activity were dependent on the substituents on the phpz ligand. Mechanistic studies supported an atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) mechanism.

Updating cut-off values of severity scoring systems for community-acquired pneumonia to orchestrate more predictive accuracy.

Background: The assessment of severity is crucial in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It remains unknown whether updating cut-off values of severity scoring systems orchestrate improvement in predictive accuracy.Methods: 3,212 patients with CAP were recruited to two observational prospective cohort studies. Three bettered scoring systems were derived from the corresponding well-established and extensively used pneumonia-specific severity scoring systems, i.e. pneumonia severity index, minor criteria and CURB-65 (confusion, urea >7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥30/min, low blood pressure, and age ≥65 years) score, with the updating cut-off values for tachypnea and low blood pressure. Cronbach α was employed to determine construct validity. Discrimination was valued by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI).Results: Respiratory rate ≥22/min and systolic blood pressure ≤100 mm Hg were performed better than respiratory rate ≥30/min and hypotension for predicting mortality in the derivation cohort, respectively (AUROC, 0.823 vs 0.519, 0.688 vs 0.622; NRI, 0.61, 0.13). Bettered scoring systems orchestrated higher convergences, indicated by greater Cronbach α and more decrease in Cronbach α if the updating cut-off values were deleted. The six scoring systems agreed well with one another. Bettered- pneumonia severity index, minor criteria and CURB-65 score showed higher associations with severity and mortality rates and demonstrated greater predictive accuracies for mortality compared with the corresponding original systems (AUROC, 0.939 vs 0.883, 0.909 vs 0.871, 0.913 vs 0.859; NRI, 0.113, 0.076, 0.108; respectively). The validation cohort confirmed a similar pattern.Conclusions: Updating cut-off values of severity scoring systems for CAP orchestrate improvement in predictive accuracy, suggesting that it may facilitate the rationalization of clinical triage decision-making and further reduce mortality. The current studies provide the first known prospective evidence of potential benefit of the updating cut-off values of severity scoring systems for CAP in predictive accuracy.Key messagesUpdating cut-off values were performed better for predicting mortality.Bettered scoring systems orchestrated higher convergences.Bettered scoring systems demonstrated greater predictive accuracies for mortality.

Mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis: Organic acid co-metabolism, iron-driven, and microbial response.

Microbial co-metabolism is crucial for the efficient biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); however, their intrinsic mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the co-metabolic degradation of PAHs, root organic acids (ROAs) (phenolic ROAs: caffeic acid [CA] and ferulic acid [FA]; non-phenolic ROAs: oxalic acid [OA]) were exogenously added as co-metabolic substrates under high (HFe) and low (LFe) iron levels in this study. The results demonstrated that more than 90% of PAHs were eliminated from the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis. OA can promote the enrichment of unrelated degrading bacteria and non-specific dioxygenases. FA with a monohydroxy structure can activate hydroxylase; however, it relies on phytosiderophores released by plants (such as OA) to adapt to stress. Therefore, non-specific co-metabolism occurred in these units. The best performance for PAH removal was observed in the HFe-CA unit because: (a) HFe concentrations enriched the Fe-reducing and denitrifying bacteria and promoted the rate-limiting degradation for PAHs as the enzyme cofactor; (b) CA with a dihydroxyl structure enriched the related degrading bacteria, stimulated specific dioxygenase, and activated Fe to concentrate around the rhizosphere simultaneously to perform the specific co-metabolism. Understanding the co-metabolic degradation of PAHs will help improve the efficacy of rhizosphere-mediated remediation.

[Current situation of acupuncture and moxibustion patents in China and abroad].

The patents of acupuncture and moxibustion in China and abroad was analyzed, aiming to provide support for the innovative development of acupuncture industry. With the China Think Tank of Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the PatSnap database as data sources, based on the mathematical statistics method, the application trend, legal status, patent types, transformation and distribution of major technical fields of acupuncture patents in China and abroad were analyzed. As a result, a total of 53,422 acupuncture patents were screened, involving 49 countries and 4 organizations. The patent types were mainly utility model patents. Although the application number of acupuncture patent had increased rapidly, the average patent conversion rate was generally low, approximately 4%. In the context of global economic integration, the acupuncture industry is developing at a high speed. It is suggested to take advantage of the "Belt and Road Initiative" to improve the international acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion, adhere to the principle of attaching equal importance to the number and quality of patents, promote the in-depth cooperation of industry-university-research, and promote high-quality development of acupuncture and moxibustion.

[Advantages and application prospects of heat-sensitive moxibustion robot].

Moxibustion therapy is a unique health resource in China, which is advantageous by its irreplaceable effectiveness in treatment, disease prevention and healthcare. But, moxibustion therapy used in primary care institutions in China is far from the due role of this therapy played in medical practice. The authors believe that the heat-sensitive moxibustion (HSM) robot should be developed by integrating the manipulation of moxibustion therapy with modern artifical intelligence technology so that moxibustion therapy can be operated precisely and easily, deqi of moxibustion be effectively stimulated and the cost of its manual manipulation be reduced. Eventually, the technology of moxibustion therapy can be popularized in the primary care institutions to serve the health of the people. This paper introduces the creation of HSM technology, the research and development (R&D) of HSM robot, and its advantages, as well as the application prospects. It is anticipated that the R&D of HSM robot may speed up the development of moxibustion therapy worldwide.

Etiology and clinical characteristics of primary epistaxis.

Background: Primary epistaxis (rupture of nasal artery vessels) is a common emergency, but the related factors are still controversial. This study collected the data on primary epistaxis patients and healthy people undergoing a physical examination at the same center to explore and classify primary epistaxis by its characteristics. Methods: Primary epistaxis was divided into septal epistaxis and non-septal epistaxis, and logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors. Results: In total, 196 cases of septal epistaxis and 127 cases of non-septal epistaxis, and the control group was 182 healthy subjects. There were significant differences in sex, drinking history, hypertension history and hyperlipidemia between the bleeding group and the control group, but no correlation with smoking, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, or anticoagulant drug use. In the age group of 26-40 years it was related to alcohol consumption and hypertension, for those aged 41-55 years it was related to hypertension, in the age group of 56-70 years it was related to hypertension, high triglyceride and high apolipoprotein B levels, and no related factors were found in the age group >70 years. The risk factors for non-septal cases were increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [P=0.035; odds ratio (OR), 2.450; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.067-5.624], male sex (P=0.002; OR, 3.136; 95% CI: 1.501-6.554), and younger age (P=0.000; OR, 0.941; 95%CI: 0.920-0.962). All patients with nosebleed underwent nasal endoscopy and the bleeding site was successfully located and treated with electrocoagulation. No further bleeding or serious complications occurred after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Primary epistaxis is more common in males and is related to alcohol consumption, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. In the young age groups, male sex, and increased LDL were high risk factors for non-septal hemorrhage in winter and spring. Nasal endoscopy and electrocoagulation are safe and effective.

[Research on ontology construction of acupuncture effect based on ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022].

In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.

[The mediating effect of coping style between illness perception and fear of cancer recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of coping style between illness perception and fear of cancer recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was carried out in 254 eligible patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in the urology department of two comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Wenzhou City from June 2022 to December 2022. The questionnaires include the general data questionnaire, brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) and Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF). A structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of coping style between illness perception and fear of cancer recurrence. RESULTS: The score of fear of cancer recurrence in prostate cancer patients is (30.08 ± 10.11). Illness perception, avoidance, and surrender coping styles could forward prediction fear of cancer recurrence (P=0.001, P=0.019, P=0.001); facing coping styles can negatively predict fear of cancer recurrence (P=0.001). Coping style played a part of the mediating role between illness perception and fear of cancer recurrence, and the mediating effect is 0.150，which accounted for 47.62% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Coping style is a mediator between illness perception and fear of cancer recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Doctors and nurses should reduce patients' negative perception, guide them to adopt positive coping strategies, and thereby reduce their fear of cancer recurrence.

Reconstruction and Quantitative Evaluation of Blunt Injury Cases by Finite Element Method.

OBJECTIVES: To reconstruct the cases of acceleration craniocerebral injury caused by blunt in forensic cases by finite element method (FEM), and to study the biomechanical mechanism and quantitative evaluation method of blunt craniocerebral injury. METHODS: Based on the established and validated finite element head model of Chinese people, the finite element model of common injury tool was established with reference to practical cases in the forensic identification, and the blunt craniocerebral injury cases were reconstructed by simulation software. The cases were evaluated quantitatively by analyzing the biomechanical parameters such as intracranial pressure, von Mises stress and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue. RESULTS: In case 1, when the left temporal parietal was hit with a round wooden stick for the first time, the maximum intracranial pressure was 359 kPa; the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 3.03 kPa at the left temporal parietal; the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.016 at the left temporal parietal. When the right temporal was hit with a square wooden stick for the second time, the maximum intracranial pressure was 890 kPa; the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 14.79 kPa at the bottom of right temporal lobe; the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.103 at the bottom of the right temporal lobe. The linear fractures occurred at the right temporal parietal skull and the right middle cranial fossa. In case 2, when the forehead and left temporal parietal were hit with a round wooden stick, the maximum intracranial pressure was 370 kPa and 1 241 kPa respectively, the maximum von Mises stress of brain tissue was 3.66 kPa and 26.73 kPa respectively at the frontal lobe and left temporal parietal lobe, and the maximum principal strain of brain tissue was 0.021 and 0.116 respectively at the frontal lobe and left temporal parietal lobe. The linear fracture occurred at the left posterior skull of the coronary suture. The damage evaluation indicators of the simulation results of the two cases exceeded their damage threshold, and the predicted craniocerebral injury sites and fractures were basically consistent with the results of the autopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The FEM can quantitatively evaluate the degree of blunt craniocerebral injury. The FEM combined with traditional method will become a powerful tool in forensic craniocerebral injury identification and will also become an effective means to realize the visualization of forensic evidence in court.