Effect of 6-gingerol on oxidative stability and quality characteristics of mutton meatballs during refrigerated storage.

Meat products are high in nutrients but easily spoiled; adding antioxidants is the most straightforward and efficient approach in the food industry. In this study, different concentrations of 6-gingerol (6-GG) were added to refrigerated (4°C) mutton meatballs to evaluate the effect of 6-GG on their oxidative stability and quality characteristics. The results demonstrated that 6-GG prevented the increase in protein carbonyl content and decreased the loss of protein sulfhydryl content as storage times increased. Moreover, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0.4643 mg MDA/kg) in the 0.0440% 6-GG treatment group did not exceed the pertinent fresh meat standards on day 7. The texture, water-holding capacity, and microstructure of the meatballs were also improved, suggesting that the addition of 6-GG is a feasible strategy to improve the quality of meatballs and meat products.

Causal relationships between obesity-related anthropometric indicators and sepsis risk: a Mendelian-randomization study.

Background: Previous studies have reported an association between obesity and risk of sepsis. However, the results have been inconsistent, and no causal inference can be drawn from them. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian-randomization (MR) study to investigate causal relationships between available obesity-related anthropometric indicators and sepsis risk. Methods: We performed MR analyses using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics on 14 anthropometric indicators [namely body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC, HC), basal metabolic rate (BMR), whole-body fat mass (WBFM), trunk fat mass (TFM), leg fat mass (LFM), arm fat mass (AFM), body fat percentage (BFP), whole-body fat-free mass (WBFFM), trunk fat-free mass (TFFM), leg fat-free mass (LFFM), arm fat-free mass (AFFM), and whole-body water mass (WBWM)], sepsis, critical care sepsis, and 28-day death due to sepsis from the UK Biobank and FinnGen cohort. The primary method of MR analysis was inverse variance-weighted average method. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity and horizontal-pleiotropy tests, were conducted to assess the stability of the MR results. Additionally, we applied multiple-variable MR (MVMR) to evaluate the effect of BMI on the relationship between each anthropometric indicator and sepsis risk. Results: Our MR analysis demonstrated causal relationships between 14 anthropometric indicators and sepsis of different severities. After we adjusted for BMI, MVMR analyses indicated that WC, BMR, LFM, WBFFM, TFFM, AFFM, and WBWM remained significantly associated with the presence of sepsis (all p < 0.05). A sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of our MR results, and no significant horizontal pleiotropy was detected. Conclusion: This MR study revealed that increases in obesity-related anthropometric indicators had causal associations with a higher risk of sepsis, which might provide important insights for the identification of individuals at risk for sepsis in community and hospital settings.

Association between base excess and mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Base excess (BE) is associated with mortality from many diseases. However, the relationship between BE and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke remains uncertain. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between BE values upon admission to the ICU and mortality rates in critically ill stroke patients. METHODS: The current study enrolled 1,572 patients with ischemic stroke (863 males and 709 females). The associations of BE with intensive care unit (ICU), hospital, 28-day, and 1-year mortalities were assessed using multivariable logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards model. The potential impact of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (< 5 or ≥ 5) on the prognostic value of BE was further evaluated with interaction and subgroup analyses. RESULTS: BE values less than - 3 mmol/L, greater than 3 mmol/L, and within - 3 to 3 mmol/L (normal BE) were observed in 316 (20.1%), 175 (11.1%), and 1,081 (68.8%) patients, respectively. The restricted cubic splines analyses revealed that a U-shaped curve between BE and the mortality risk. Multivariable analysis indicated that patients with low BE (<-3 mmol/L) had higher rates of ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.829; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.281-2.612; P = 0.001), hospital mortality (OR, 1.484; 95% CI, 1.077-2.045; P = 0.016), 28-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.522; 95% CI, 1.200-1.929; P = 0.001), and 1-year mortality (HR, 1.399; 95% CI, 1.148-1.705; P = 0.001) than patients with normal BE. Subgroup analyses showed consistent results pertaining to SOFA scores ≥ 5. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients with ischemic stroke, an initial BE of <-3 mmol/L at ICU admission may indicate an increased risk of ICU, hospital, 28-day, and 1-year mortalities.

Transformable self-delivered supramolecular nanomaterials combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies alleviate tumor immunosuppression to treat breast cancer with bone metastasis.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor that threatens women's life and health, and metastasis often occurs in the advanced stage of breast cancer, leading to pathological bone destruction and seriously reducing patient quality of life. In this study, we coupled chlorin e6 (Ce6) with mono-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-beta-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) to form Ce6-CD, and combined ferrocene with the FFVLG3C peptide and PEG chains to form the triblock molecule Fc-pep-PEG. In addition, the IDO-1 inhibitor NLG919 was loaded with Ce6-CD and Fc-pep-PEG to construct the supramolecular nanoparticle NLG919@Ce6-CD/Fc-pep-PEG (NLG919@CF). After laser irradiation, Ce6 produced robust reactive oxidative species to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, ferrocene became charged, and Fc-pep-PEG dissociated from the spherical nanoparticles, enabling their transformation into nanofibers, which increased both the retention effect and the induction of ferroptosis. The released NLG919 reduced the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and restored the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by inhibiting the activity of IDO-1. Moreover, combined administration with an anti-PD-1 antibody further relieved immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. This article presents a new strategy for the clinical treatment of breast cancer with bone metastasis and osteolysis.

Novel Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes Reveals Associations Between Mortality and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights from the United Kingdom Biobank Study.

Background: Traditional association studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) categorizations and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) yielded conflicting findings. We propose a novel classification system based on fundamental characteristics of cardiovascular patients, such as age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, to more accurately assess the impact of PUFAs (plasma measures) such as omega (ω)-3 (n-3) and ω-6 on mortality in cardiovascular patients. Methods: Principal component analysis and k-means clustering were used to determine the CVD subtype. Variables included age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A1, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin concentration. The association of PUFAs with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in patients with CVD was prospectively evaluated using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional risk models. Results: Among the 35,096 participants, 3,786 fatalities occurred. Three distinct CVD subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 characterized by older age, male gender, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, having the highest risk of mortality. Clusters 2 and 3 had the highest DHA and ω-6/ω-3 ratios, respectively, compared with Cluster 1. The protective effects of total PUFAs, ω-3, and DHA were mainly reflected in all-cause mortality and were more significant in clusters 2 and 3. Furthermore, the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the highest quartile increased risk of all-cause [Q3: hazard ratio (HR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.29; Q4: HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.61], CVD (Q4: HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.75), and IHD mortality (Q4: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.03) in cluster 3 compared with the first quartile. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of associations observed for the same type of PUFAs across distinct clusters. This association may be elucidated by the intricate interplay of various factors, encompassing inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health.

Contagion of depression: a double-edged sword.

Depression is a significant mental health issue with extensive economic implications, and recent studies suggest it may be transmitted between individuals. However, the mechanisms of this contagion remain unclear, and the social buffering effect has been understudied. This research employs three rodent models, including stress crossover, cohabitation-induced, and non-contact induced depression contagion models, to explore these mechanisms. Here, we report that that naive mice cohabiting with depressed mice showed increased corticosterone levels and depressive behaviors, unlike those with stressed mice, who did not exhibit these changes and even mitigated desperation in stressed mice. Non-contact cohabitation did not produce significant behavioral differences, but exposure to bedding from depressed mice reduced sucrose preference in naive mice. This study introduces reliable models of depression contagion, suggesting it operates independently of stress transmission. The interplay between depression contagion and social buffering may vary in different contexts. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of depression contagion and potential strategies for preventing depressive disorders.

Long Noncoding RNA NR_030777 Alleviates Cobalt Nanoparticles-Induced Neurodegenerative Damage by Promoting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion.

Potential exposure to cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) occurs in various fields, including hard alloy industrial production, the increasing use of new energy lithium-ion batteries, and millions of patients with metal-on-metal joint prostheses. Evidence from human, animal, and in vitro experiments suggests a close relationship between CoNPs and neurotoxicity. However, a systematic assessment of central nervous system (CNS) impairment due to CoNPs exposure and the underlying molecular mechanisms is lacking. In this study, we found that CoNPs induced neurodegenerative damage both in vivo and in vitro, including cognitive impairment, ß-amyloid deposition and Tau hyperphosphorylation. CoNPs promoted the formation of autophagosomes and impeding autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion in vivo and in vitro, leading to toxic protein accumulation. Moreover, CoNPs exposure reduced the level of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and the abundance of lysosome, causing a blockage in autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion. Interestingly, overexpression of long noncoding RNA NR_030777 mitigated CoNPs-induced neurodegenerative damage in both in vivo and in vitro models. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay revealed that NR_030777 directly binds and stabilizes TFEB mRNA, alleviating the blockage of autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion and ultimately restoring neurodegeneration induced by CoNPs in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our study demonstrates that autophagic dysfunction is the main toxic mechanism of neurodegeneration upon CoNPs exposure and NR_030777 plays a crucial role in CoNPs-induced autophagic dysfunction. Additionally, the proposed adverse outcome pathway contributes to a better understanding of CNS toxicity assessment of CoNPs.

LncRNAs are involved in regulating ageing and age-related disease through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.

A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is longer than 200 bp. It regulates various biological processes mainly by interacting with DNA, RNA, or protein in multiple kinds of biological processes. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated during nutrient starvation, especially glucose starvation and oxygen deficiency (hypoxia), and exposure to toxins that inhibit mitochondrial respiratory chain complex function. AMPK is an energy switch in organisms that controls cell growth and multiple cellular processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism, thereby maintaining intracellular energy homeostasis by activating catabolism and inhibiting anabolism. The AMPK signalling pathway consists of AMPK and its upstream and downstream targets. AMPK upstream targets include proteins such as the transforming growth factor ß-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ß (CaMKKß), and its downstream targets include proteins such as the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), and silencing information regulatory 1 (SIRT1). In general, proteins function relatively independently and cooperate. In this article, a review of the currently known lncRNAs involved in the AMPK signalling pathway is presented and insights into the regulatory mechanisms involved in human ageing and age-related diseases are provided.

New insights into the pH-dependent removal of sulfamethoxazole in peracetic acid activation systems: From mechanistic exploration to practical application potentials.

Peracetic acid (PAA) as emerging oxidant in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has attracted widespread attention in purifying water pollution. In this research, the removal of target contaminant (sulfamethoxazole, SMX) was investigated through PAA activation by a facile catalyst (Co@C), and the active sites of catalyst were identified as sp3-C, Oads, and Co0 by correlation analysis. Especially, different pH adjustment strategies were designed, including System A (adjusting pH after adding PAA) and System B (adjusting pH before adding PAA), to investigate the impact of oxidant acidity and alkalinity on solution microenvironment as well as effect and mechanism of pollutant removal. The results showed that HO· and CH3C(O)OO· dominated in System A, while Co(IV)O2+ was also observed in System B. Both systems showed optimal SMX degradation (98 %). However, System A exhibited excellent water quality tolerance (efficiency > 78 %), superior sustained catalyst activation (efficiency > 80 % in 40 h), less ion leaching (41 µg L-1), and lower products toxicity. Moreover, the pH of solution after reaction in System B was intensely acidic, requiring costly pH adjustments for discharge. This study unveils the strategy of adjusting pH after adding PAA is preferable for water purification, enriching the emerging research of PAA-based AOPs for the remediation of environments.

Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) alleviates depressive-like behaviors in LPS-induced mice.

The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in regulating oxidative stress and immune responses has been increasingly recognized. However, its involvement in depression and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), an endogenous AhR ligand, on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression model and the underlying mechanism. After being treated with FICZ (50 mg/kg), male C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal injection of LPS and underwent behavioral tests 24 h later. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, were measured in the hippocampus and serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of CYP1A1, AhR and NLRP3 were analyzed using qPCR and Western blot. The results showed that, compared with control group, LPS alone significantly down-regulated the expression levels of CYP1A1 mRNA and AhR protein in the hippocampus of mice, reduced glucose preference, prolonged immobility time in forced swimming test, increased IL-6 and IL-1ß levels in the hippocampus, increased serum IL-1ß level, and up-regulated NLRP3 mRNA and protein expression levels in mouse hippocampus, while FICZ significantly reversed the aforementioned effects of LPS. These findings suggest that AhR activation attenuates the inflammatory response associated with depression and modulates the expression of NLRP3. The present study provides novel insights into the role of AhR in the development of depression, and presents AhR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.

The Causal Relationship between Plasma Myeloperoxidase Levels and Respiratory Tract Infections: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Observational researches reported the underlying correlation of plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration with respiratory tract infections (RTIs), but their causality remained unclear. Here, we examined the cause-effect relation between plasma MPO levels and RTIs. Materials and Methods: Datasets of plasma MPO levels were from the Folkersen et al. study (n = 21,758) and INTERVAL study (n = 3,301). Summarized data for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (2,795 cases and 483,689 controls) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) (585 cases and 430,780 controls) were from the UK Biobank database. The primary method for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was the inverse variance weighted approach, with MR-Egger and weighted median methods as supplements. Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers global test, funnel plots, and leave-one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analysis. Results: We found that plasma MPO levels were positively associated with URTI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.135; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.011-1.274; P=0.032) and LRTI (ICU) (OR = 1.323; 95% CI = 1.006-1.739; P=0.045). The consistent impact direction is shown when additional plasma MPO level genome-wide association study datasets are used (URTI: OR = 1.158; 95% CI = 1.072-1.251; P < 0.001; LRTI (ICU): OR = 1.216; 95% CI = 1.020-1.450; P=0.030). There was no evidence of a causal effect of URTI and LRTI (ICU) on plasma MPO concentration in the reverse analysis (P > 0.050). The sensitivity analysis revealed no violations of MR presumptions. Conclusions: Plasma MPO levels may causally affect the risks of URTI and LRTI (ICU). In contrast, the causal role of URTI and LRTI (ICU) on plasma MPO concentration was not supported in our MR analysis. Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between RTIs and plasma MPO levels.

A causal relationship between educational attainment and risk of infectious diseases: A Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Previous observational studies have investigated the association between educational attainment and sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their findings have been susceptible to reverse causality and confounding factors. Furthermore, no study has examined the effect of educational level on the risk of infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (SSTIs). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between educational level and the risk of four infectious diseases using Mendelian randomisation (MR) techniques. Methods: We used univariable MR analysis to investigate the causal associations between educational attainment (years of schooling (n = 766 345) and holding college or university degree (n = 334 070)) and four infectious diseases (sepsis (n = 486 484), pneumonia (n = 486 484), UTIs (n = 463 010), and SSTIs (n = 218 792)). We included genetic instrumental variables with a genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) in the study. We used inverse variance-weighted estimation in the primary analysis and explored the stability of the results using multivariable MR analysis after adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Results: Genetically predicted years of schooling were associated with a reduced risk of sepsis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.763; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.668-0.870, P = 5.525 × 10-5), pneumonia (OR = 0.637; 95% CI = 0.577-0.702, P = 1.875 × 10-19), UTIs (OR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.993-0.997, P = 1.229 × 10-5), and SSTIs (OR = 0.696; 95% CI = 0.605-0.801, P = 4.034 × 10-7). We observed consistent results for the correlation between qualifications and infectious diseases. These findings remained stable in the multivariable MR analyses. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased educational attainment may be causally associated with a decreased risk of sepsis, pneumonia, UTIs, and SSTIs.

Multiple Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Gambogic Acid-Loaded Mesoporous Polydopamine.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by aggressiveness and high recurrence rate. As monotherapy provides limited benefit to TNBC patients, combination therapy emerges as a promising treatment approach. Gambogic acid (GA) is an exceedingly promising anticancer agent. Nonetheless, its application potential is hampered by low drug loading efficiency and associated toxic side effects. To overcome these limitations, using mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) endowed with photothermal conversion capabilities is considered as a delivery vehicle for GA. Meanwhile, GA can inhibit the activity of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to enhance the photothermal effect. Herein, GA-loaded MPDA nanoparticles (GA@MPDA NPs) are developed with a high drug loading rate of 75.96% and remarkable photothermal conversion performance. GA@MPDA NPs combined with photothermal treatment (PTT) significantly inhibit the tumor growth, and effectively trigger the immunogenic cell death (ICD), which thereby increase the number of activated effector T cells (CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells) in the tumor, and hoist the level of immune-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α). The above results suggest that the combination of GA@MPDA NPs with PTT expected to activate the antitumor immune response, thus potentially enhancing the clinical therapeutic effect on TNBC.

Endocytic activation and exosomal secretion of matriptase stimulate the second wave of EGF signaling to promote skin and breast cancer invasion.

The dysfunction of matriptase, a membrane-anchored protease, is highly related to the progression of skin and breast cancers. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced matriptase activation and cancer invasion are known but with obscure mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate a vesicular-trafficking-mediated interplay between matriptase and EGF signaling in cancer promotion. We found that EGF induces matriptase to undergo endocytosis together with the EGF receptor, followed by acid-induced activation in endosomes. Activated matriptase is then secreted extracellularly on exosomes to catalyze hepatocyte growth factor precursor (pro-HGF) cleavage, resulting in autocrine HGF/c-Met signaling. Matriptase-induced HGF/c-Met signaling represents the second signal wave of EGF, which promotes cancer cell scattering, migration, and invasion. These findings demonstrate a role of vesicular trafficking in efficient activation and secretion of membrane matriptase and a reciprocal regulation of matriptase and EGF signaling in cancer promotion, providing insights into the physiological functions of vesicular trafficking and the molecular pathological mechanisms of skin and breast cancers.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of an invasive plant, Tragopogon dubius Scopoli (asteraceae).

Tragopogon dubius Scopoli is native to Europe and western Asia and is considered an invasive plant in China. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of T. dubius was obtained using high-throughput next-generation sequencing technology. The whole chloroplast genome was 153,017 bp long with a GC content of 38% and comprised 130 genes (86 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes). Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated chloroplast protein-coding sequences showed that T. dubius is most closely related to Tragopogon pratensis. This study provides valuable genetic data for further phylogenetic analysis and molecular identification of species in the genus Tragopogon.

KLF4 interacts with TXNIP to modulate the pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling.

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most common diseases in the gastrointestinal tract related to abnormal inflammation. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by the formation of inflammasome, activation of caspase-1, and separation of N- and C-terminus of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in differentiated epithelial cells. KLF4 mediates proinflammatory signaling in macrophages. Here, we tested whether KLF4 is functional in pyroptosis of UC. METHODS: In human UC tissues and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) stimulation human colon epithelial cells, KLF4, TXNIP, Cleave-Caspase-1, and GSDMD expression were detected through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemical and western blot assay. Interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We successfully constructed a KLF4-silenced colon epithelial cell line using an adenovirus vector. We apply the UCSC and JASPAR to predict the KLF4 binding sites in the promoter region of TXNIP. RESULTS: In human UC tissues and/or LPS/ATP stimulation human colon epithelial cells, KLF4, TXNIP, Caspase-1, and GSDMD expression level were significantly elevated via quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunohistochemical and western blot assay. Moreover, We identified that there is an interaction between KLF4 and TXNIP through Yeast double hybrid assay and CO-IP assay. We successfully constructed a KLF4-silenced human intestinal epithelial cell line. In LPS/ATP stimulation KLF4-silenced human intestinal epithelial cells, KLF4, TXNIP, Cleave Caspase-1, ASC, and GSDMD expression level were significantly decreased via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that KLF4 can positively regulate the expression of TXNIP and regulate the pyroptosis process of UC through the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.

A Histopathologic Image Analysis for the Classification of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Silva Patterns Depend on Weakly Supervised Deep Learning.

Twenty-five percent of cervical cancers are classified as endocervical adenocarcinomas (EACs), which comprise a highly heterogeneous group of tumors. A histopathologic risk stratification system known as the Silva pattern system was developed based on morphology. However, accurately classifying such patterns can be challenging. The study objective was to develop a deep learning pipeline (Silva3-AI) that automatically analyzes whole slide image-based histopathologic images and identifies Silva patterns with high accuracy. Initially, a total of 202 patients with EACs and histopathologic slides were obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University for developing and internally testing the Silva3-AI model. Subsequently, an additional 161 patients and slides were collected from seven other medical centers for independent testing. The Silva3-AI model was developed using a vision transformer and recurrent neural network architecture, utilizing multi-magnification patches, and its performance was evaluated based on a class-specific area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Silva3-AI achieved a class-specific area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.947 for Silva A, 0.908 for Silva B, and 0.947 for Silva C on the independent test set. Notably, the performance of Silva3-AI was consistent with that of professional pathologists with 10 years' diagnostic experience. Furthermore, the visualization of prediction heatmaps facilitated the identification of tumor microenvironment heterogeneity, which is known to contribute to variations in Silva patterns.

Extreme Reconfiguration of Plastid Genomes in Papaveraceae: Rearrangements, Gene Loss, Pseudogenization, IR Expansion, and Repeats.

The plastid genomes (plastomes) of angiosperms are typically highly conserved, with extreme reconfiguration being uncommon, although reports of such events have emerged in some lineages. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of the complete plastomes from twenty-two species, covering seventeen genera from three subfamilies (Fumarioideae, Hypecooideae, and Papaveroideae) of Papaveraceae. Our results revealed a high level of variability in the plastid genome size of Papaveraceae, ranging from 151,864 bp to 219,144 bp in length, which might be triggered by the expansion of the IR region and a large number of repeat sequences. Moreover, we detected numerous large-scale rearrangements, primarily occurring in the plastomes of Fumarioideae and Hypecooideae. Frequent gene loss or pseudogenization were also observed for ndhs, accD, clpP, infA, rpl2, rpl20, rpl32, rps16, and several tRNA genes, particularly in Fumarioideae and Hypecooideae, which might be associated with the structural variation in their plastomes. Furthermore, we found that the plastomes of Fumarioideae exhibited a higher GC content and more repeat sequences than those of Papaveroideae. Our results showed that Papaveroideae generally displayed a relatively conserved plastome, with the exception of Eomecon chionantha, while Fumarioideae and Hypecooideae typically harbored highly reconfigurable plastomes, showing high variability in the genome size, gene content, and gene order. This study provides insights into the plastome evolution of Papaveraceae and may contribute to the development of effective molecular markers.

Possible pharmacological targets and mechanisms of sivelestat in protecting acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a life-threatening syndrome induced by various diseases, including COVID-19. In the progression of ALI/ARDS, activated neutrophils play a central role by releasing various inflammatory mediators, including elastase. Sivelestat is a selective and competitive inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. Although its protective effects on attenuating ALI/ARDS have been confirmed in several models of lung injury, clinical trials have presented inconsistent results on its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, in this report, we used a network pharmacology approach coupled with animal experimental validation to unravel the concrete therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of sivelestat in treating ALI/ARDS. In bioinformatic analyses, we found 118 targets of sivelestat against ALI/ARDS, and identified six hub genes essential for sivelestat treatment of ALI/ARDS, namely ERBB2, GRB2, PTK2, PTPN11, ESR1, and CCND1. We also found that sivelestat targeted several genes expressed in human lung microvascular endothelial cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment at 4 h (ICAM-1, PTGS2, RND1, BCL2A1, TNF, CA2, and ADORA2A), 8 h (ICAM-1, PTGS2, RND1, BCL2A1, MMP1, BDKRB1 and SLC40A1), and 24 h (ICAM-1). Further animal experiments showed that sivelestat was able to attenuate LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the overexpression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PTGS2 and increasing the phosphorylation of PTK2. Taken together, the bioinformatic findings and experimentative data indicate that the therapeutic effects of sivelestat against ALI/ARDS mainly focus on the early stage of ALI/ARDS by pharmacological modulation of inflammatory reaction, vascular endothelial injury, and cell apoptosis-related molecules.

Latent profiles of bullying perpetration and victimization: Gender differences and family variables.

BACKGROUND: School bullying is a prevalent issue that threatens the psychological and social well-being of adolescents. However, little research has investigated how gender and family variables were related to bullying-involvement patterns among adolescents with siblings. OBJECTIVE: This study explored gender differences in the profiles of bullying involvement and the relationship between sibling, parental variables, and these profiles among Chinese adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants (N = 1,060; 46.0 % boys; Mage = 15.53) were recruited from junior and senior high schools in Jiangxi and Guizhou Provinces, China. METHODS: Bullying involvement, sibling warmth and conflict, and parental psychological maltreatment and neglect were assessed by self-report questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups with distinct bullying involvement patterns, then multiple logistic regressions were performed to investigate the associations between family variables and bullying-involvement subgroups. RESULTS: We found gender differences in both the latent profiles of bullying involvement and the associations between profiles and family variables. Only boys were identified severe bully-victims (3.39 %), while only girls were categorized as relational bully-victims (20.18 %). Boys and girls were similarly represented among uninvolved students (70.76 % vs. 66.85 %), moderate bully-victims (15.25 % vs. 6.49 %), and victims (10.59 % vs. 6.49 %). Students with more sibling warmth manifested less likelihood of engaging in bullying-related profiles, with more parental psychological maltreatment, and more parental neglect manifested more likelihood of engaging in bullying-related profiles only among girls. While students with more sibling conflict were related to more bullying-related profiles among boys than girls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the importance of developing gender-specific bullying intervention strategies that also consider relevant family factors.