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Soil salinization poses a significant global challenge, exerting adverse effects on both agriculture and ecosystems. Planting halophytes has the potential ability to improve saline-alkali land and enhance ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). However, it remains unclear which halophytes are effective in improving saline-alkali land and what impact they have on the rhizosphere microbial communities and EMF. In this study, we evaluated the Na+ absorption capability of five halophytes (Grubovia dasyphylla, Halogeton glomeratus, Suaeda salsa, Bassia scoparia, and Reaumuria songarica) and assessed their rhizosphere microbial communities and EMF. The results showed that S. salsa possessed the highest shoot (3.13 mmol g-1) and root (0.92 mmol g-1) Na+ content, and its soil Na+ absorption, along with B. scoparia, was significantly higher than that of other plants. The soil pH, salinity, and Na+ content of the halophyte rhizospheres decreased by 6.21%, 23.49%, and 64.29%, respectively, when compared to the bulk soil. Extracellular enzymes in the halophyte rhizosphere soil, including α-glucosidase, ß-glucosidase, ß-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, increased by 70.1%, 78.4%, 38.5%, 79.1%, and 64.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the halophyte rhizosphere exhibited higher network complexity of bacteria and fungi and EMF than bulk soil. The relative abundance of the dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota in the halophyte rhizosphere soil increased by 9.4%, 8.3%, and 22.25%, respectively, and showed higher microbial network complexity compared to the bulk soil. Additionally, keystone taxa, including Muricauda, Nocardioides, and Pontibacter, were identified with notable effects on EMF. This study confirmed that euhalophytes are the best choice for saline-alkali land restoration. These findings provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable use of saline-alkali cultivated land.
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Globally, 91% of plant production encounters diverse environmental stresses that adversely affect their growth, leading to severe yield losses of 50-60%. In this case, monitoring the connection between the environment and plant health can balance population demands with environmental protection and resource distribution. Fluorescent chemosensors have shown great progress in monitoring the health and environment of plants due to their high sensitivity and biocompatibility. However, to date, no comprehensive analysis and systematic summary of fluorescent chemosensors used in monitoring the correlation between plant health and their environment have been reported. Thus, herein, we summarize the current fluorescent chemosensors ranging from their design strategies to applications in monitoring plant-environment interaction processes. First, we highlight the types of fluorescent chemosensors with design strategies to resolve the bottlenecks encountered in monitoring the health and living environment of plants. In addition, the applications of fluorescent small-molecule, nano and supramolecular chemosensors in the visualization of the health and living environment of plants are discussed. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives in this field are presented. This work will provide guidance for the design of efficient fluorescent chemosensors to monitor plant health, and then promote sustainable agricultural development.
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Agricultura , Corantes Fluorescentes , Plantas , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Plantas/química , Plantas/metabolismo , Imagem ÓpticaRESUMO
This study aims to report three new species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella parasitize scale insects (Coccidae and Lecaniidae, Hemiptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Hemiptera). Based on the phylogenetic analyses of the three-gene nrLSU, tef-1α, and rpb1, it showed one new record species (Conoideocrella tenuis) and one new species (Conoideocrella fenshuilingensis sp. nov.) in the genus Conoideocrella, and two new species, i.e., Moelleriella longzhuensis sp. nov. and Moelleriella jinuoana sp. nov. in the genus Moelleriella. The three new species were each clustered into separate clades that distinguished themselves from one another. All of them were distinguishable from their allied species based on their morphology. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons of the allied taxa of the four species are provided in the present paper. In addition, calculations of intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were performed for Moelleriella and Conoideocrella.
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The effects of coconut fiber biochar (CFB) and nitrate-modified coconut fiber biochar (NCFB) on the passivation of exogenous lead (Pb) in paddy soils and their underlying mechanisms were investigated using soil incubation experiments combined with spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF), and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of NCFB and CFB on the passivation of exogenous lead (Pb) in paddy soils and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Compared with that of CFB, the inner wall of NCFB honeycomb pores was rougher, and the amount of alcohol-phenol-ether functional groups containing the C-O structure and the amount of carboxyl groups containing the C[FY=,1]O/O[FY=,1]C-O structure on the surface of CFB was significantly decreased after nitric acid modification. Compared with that in the control (without biochar) paddy soil after 150 d of incubation, the EDTA-extracted Pb content in the paddy soil with CFB and NCFB was reduced by 39.7% and 105.4%, respectively. The carbonate-bound and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Pb contents were significantly lower, and the organic-bound and residue Pb contents were significantly higher in the NCFB-added soil. The SRXRF scans showed that the exogenous Pb was enriched in the microregions of CFB particles rich in Ca and Cu elements and relatively less so in the microregions of soil aggregates rich in the Fe, Mn, and Ti elements. In addition, the characteristic peaks of carboxylates (1384 cm-1) in A-CFBPb and A-NCFBPb were significantly enhanced in the incubation experiment in the presence of exogenous Pb compared to A-CFB and A-NCFB in the absence of exogenous Pb. The addition of CFB or NCFB was more effective in passivating exogenous Pb in paddy soils and promoted the gradual transformation of Pb from unstable to more stable forms in paddy soils to achieve the effect of passivating Pb. The greater amount of carboxyl functional groups in NCFB participated in the passivation of exogenous Pb, which made NCFB more effective than CFB in passivating Pb. NCFB was more effective than CFB in passivating exogenous Pb in paddy soils due to its rougher inner walls of honeycomb pores and abundant carboxyl functional groups. In tropical areas such as Hainan, coconut fiber biochar and its modification can be considered as an environmentally friendly candidate method for the remediation of soil Pb contamination.
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Cocos , Nitratos , Chumbo , Ácido NítricoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Weeds grow aggressively in agricultural fields, leading to reduced crop yields and an inability to meet the growing demand for food. Herbicides are currently the most effective method for weed control. However, the overuse of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of resistance mutants and has caused environmental pollution. Therefore, new technologies are urgently required to address this global challenge. RESULTS: We report a copper-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate metal organic framework (Cu-BDC MOF)-functionalized carboxyl hollow mesoporous silica (HMS-COOH) delivery system for the pH-controlled release of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl (QE). The delivery system (QE@HMS@Cu-BDC) enabled the efficient control of barnyard grasses that are susceptible and resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, which showed 93.33% and 88.33% FW control efficacy at 67.5 g ha-1 , respectively. With the lowest pH value (3), QE and copper ion were released slowly to total 70.30% and 78.55% levels (respectively) from QE@HMS@Cu-BDC after 89 h. QE@HMS@Cu-BDC showed better absorption, conduction, transportation and ACCase activity inhibition performance than that of QE emulsifiable concentrate (EC) in both susceptible and ACCase-herbicide resistant barnyard grasses. In addition, with the safener effect of carrier HMS@Cu-BDC and the aid of the safener fenchlorazole-ethyl (FE), the application of QE@HMS@Cu-BDC was shown to mitigate the damage caused by QE to rice plants. CONCLUSION: This work found that the new material HMS-COOH@Cu-BDC can be used to mitigate herbicide-induced oxidative stress and improve rice plant safety. Futhermore, the QE@HMS-COOH@Cu-BDC constructed in this research might be used as an efficient nanopesticide formulation for weed controls in paddy rice fields. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Herbicidas , Oryza , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/genética , Cobre/farmacologia , Dióxido de Silício/farmacologia , Plantas Daninhas , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Resistência a HerbicidasRESUMO
Plant phenotyping is important for plants to cope with environmental changes and ensure plant health. Imaging techniques are perceived as the most critical and reliable tools for studying plant phenotypes. Thermal imaging has opened up new opportunities for nondestructive imaging of plant phenotyping. However, a comprehensive summary of thermal imaging in plant phenotyping is still lacking. Here we discuss the progress and future prospects of thermal imaging for assessing plant growth and stress responses. First, we classify thermal imaging into ground-based and aerial platforms based on their adaptability to different experimental environments (including laboratory, greenhouse, and field). It is convenient to collect phenotypic information of different dimensions. Second, in order to enhance the efficiency of thermal image processing, automatic algorithms based on deep learning are employed instead of traditional manual methods, greatly reducing the time cost of experiments. Considering its ease of implementation, handling and instant response, thermal imaging has been widely used in research on environmental stress, crop yield, and seed vigor. We have found that thermal imaging can detect thermal energy dissipation caused by living organisms (e.g., pests, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes), enabling early disease diagnosis. It also recognizes changes leaf surface temperatures resulting from reduced transpiration rates caused by nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, or freezing. Furthermore, thermal imaging predicts crop yield under different water states and forecasts the viability of dormant seeds after water absorption by monitoring temperature changes in the seeds. This work will assist biologists and agronomists in studying plant phenotypes and serve a guide for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant, and superior crops.
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Produtos Agrícolas , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Produtos Agrícolas/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Sementes , Água/fisiologiaRESUMO
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death and disability in cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis associated with lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation leads to plaques formation in arterial walls and luminal stenosis in carotid arteries. Current approaches such as surgery or treatment with statins encounter big challenges in curing atherosclerosis plaque. The infiltration of proinflammatory M1 macrophages plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis plaque. A recent study shows that TRIM24, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of a Trim family protein, acts as a valve to inhibit the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and elimination of TRIM24 opens an avenue to achieve the M2 polarization. Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has emerged as a novel tool for the selective degradation of targeting proteins. But the low bioavailability and cell specificity of PROTAC reagents hinder their applications in treating atherosclerosis plaque. In this study we constructed a type of bioinspired PROTAC by coating the PROTAC degrader (dTRIM24)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with M2 macrophage membrane (MELT) for atherosclerosis treatment. MELT was characterized by morphology, size, and stability. MELT displayed enhanced specificity to M1 macrophages as well as acidic-responsive release of dTRIM24. After intravenous administration, MELT showed significantly improved accumulation in atherosclerotic plaque of high fat and high cholesterol diet-fed atherosclerotic (ApoE-/-) mice through binding to M1 macrophages and inducing effective and precise TRIM24 degradation, thus resulting in the polarization of M2 macrophages, which led to great reduction of plaque formation. These results suggest that MELT can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for targeting atherosclerotic plaque and alleviating atherosclerosis progression, providing an effective strategy for targeted atherosclerosis therapy.
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Aterosclerose , Placa Aterosclerótica , Quimera de Direcionamento de Proteólise , Animais , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Macrófagos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Placa Aterosclerótica/tratamento farmacológico , Placa Aterosclerótica/metabolismo , Quimera de Direcionamento de Proteólise/farmacologia , Quimera de Direcionamento de Proteólise/uso terapêutico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Microorganisms colonizing the plant rhizosphere and phyllosphere play crucial roles in plant growth and health. Recent studies provide new insights into long-distance communication from plant roots to shoots in association with their commensal microbiome. In brief, these recent advances suggest that specific plant-associated microbial taxa can contribute to systemic plant responses associated with the enhancement of plant health and performance in face of a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, most of the mechanisms associated with microbiome-mediated signal transduction in plants remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide an overview of long-distance signaling mechanisms within plants mediated by the commensal plant-associated microbiomes. We advocate the view of plants and microbes as a holobiont and explore key molecules and mechanisms associated with plant-microbe interactions and changes in plant physiology activated by signal transduction.
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Microbiota , Plantas , Rizosfera , Simbiose , Transdução de Sinais , Raízes de Plantas , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
In this work, a sensitive and cost-effective method for the quantitative analysis of azole pesticides residues in six medicinal plants was established based on magnetic cyclodextrin crosslinked with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (Fe3O4@TFN-CDPs) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Through characterization analysis, the outer shell of Fe3O4@TFN-CDPs has observed coating with a network of the polymer and forming a core-shell structure. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) and limits of qualification (LOQs) of target pesticides were ranged from 0.011 to 0.106 µg Kg-1 and from 0.036 to 0.354 µg Kg-1, respectively. Finally, the achieved recoveries of pesticides in six medicinal samples fluctuated from 60.1% to 102.3%. Altogether, this method based on Fe3O4@TFN-CDPs composites provided a new idea for the analysis of trace pesticides in complicated matrices.
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Resíduos de Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Plantas Medicinais , Azóis/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Limite de Detecção , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Extração em Fase Sólida , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower species that is able to flower within a year following seed propagation, with flower induction that is very sensitive to the photoperiod. Cryptochromes are blue/UV-A light receptors that regulate many important plant growth and development processes, including photoperiodic flowering. In this study, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) gene from L. × formolongi and analyzed its function in transgenic Arabidopsis. The predicted LfCRY1 protein was strongly homologous to other CRY1 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY1 was induced by blue light, with LfCRY1 exhibiting its highest expression and diurnal expression patterns during the flowering-induction stage under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY1 in Arabidopsis promoted flowering under LDs but not SDs and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. The LfCRY1 protein was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. LfCRY1 interacted with the important flowering activator LfCOL9 in both yeast and onion cells. These results provide functional evidence for the role of LfCRY1 in controlling photoperiodic flowering under LDs and indicate that LfCRY1 may be a counterpart of AtCRY1. Understanding the role of LfCRY1 in photoperiodic flowering is beneficial for the molecular breeding of lilies with shorter vegetative stages.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Lilium , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Clonagem Molecular , Criptocromos/genética , Flores/genética , Flores/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Luz , Lilium/genética , FotoperíodoRESUMO
Total suspended matter(TSM) is an important parameter that describes optical characteristics and water pollution level. Remote sensing was used to obtain suspended matter concentrations in the planar water body, which can monitor and analyze the reliability of turbidity and pollution levels. In this study, a semi-empirical model of suspended matter along the Yangtze River mainstream(from Chongqing to Shanghai) was constructed based on the field measured hyperspectral data and suspended matter concentration and its components, with reference to MODIS(1-4 band), Landsat 8(1-5 band), Sentinel 2(2-6 band), HJ-B1(1-4 band), and other commonly used band ranges. The results show that:â Turbidity and TSM of the Yangtze River mainstream increased from Chongqing to Shanghai during the dry season, whereas the proportion of OSM to TSM(OSM/TSM) decreased from Chongqing to Shanghai. â¡ The spectral properties of chlorophyll-a were not obvious; however, it showed a bimodal spectral characteristic of suspended matter concentration. Due to the low concentration of suspended matter in the water(<114.68 mg·L-1), the first peak value was significantly higher than the second peak. However, peak reflection and position had an obvious "red shift" phenomenon in the direction of the wavelength. ⢠The reflectance values of the Yangtze River mainstream were most sensitive to the concentration of suspended matter in the 600-710 nm and 475-550 nm bands. Most of these fall in the green and red band of MODI, Landsat 8, Sentinel 2, and HJ-1B satellites. Therefore, the commonly used satellites have a band setting to detect the inversion of turbidity degree index of the Yangtze River main stream water body. The Sentinel 2 satellite band is most suitable for the inversion of suspended matter concentration in the Yangtze River mainstream. The mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) and root mean square error(RMSE) of the optimal exponential model were 10.23 mg·L-1 and 23%, respectively.
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Rios , Água , China , Monitoramento Ambiental , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Lingnan fire needling combined with artificial tears in the treatment of xerophthalmia. METHODS: A total of 86 xerophthalmia patients were equally and randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The patients of both groups were received treatment with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops in their eyes 3 times a day, one drop in each eye. In addition, the patients of treatment group also treated by Lingnan fire needling on bilateral Shaoze (SI1), Neichengqi and beside lacrimal puncta once a week. The treatment was conducted for 4 consecutive weeks. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular symptom score, OSDI score, fluorescence staining ï¼FLï¼ score, schemer I, tear menisci height, tear film break-up time (BUT) and eye redness index were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS: After the treatment, self-comparison showed that the symptom score, OSDI score, FL score and eye redness index were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and BUT was notably increased in both groups (P<0.05) in comparison with their own pre-treatment. The tear menisci height in the treatment group was higher than that before the treatment (P<0.05). Comparison between the two groups showed that the symptom score, OSDI score and eye redness index were obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the BUT and tear menisci height were evidently higher (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.88% (73/86), better than 76.74% (66/86) of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lingnan fire needling combined with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops is more effective than simple sodium hyaluronate eye drops for xerophthalmia patients, with significant curative effect and no adverse reactions.
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Agulhamento Seco , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Xeroftalmia , Humanos , Lágrimas , Xeroftalmia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Fe3O4@MIL-100 (Fe)/PEI are used for the first time as an adsorbent material for the extraction of pesticide residues (epoxiconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazole, and triadimefon) from food matrices. The adsorbent proposed (Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe)/PEI) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques to evaluate the properties of the sorbent. Then, the Fe3O4@MIL-100 (Fe)/PEI was employed for the quantification of the four triazole fungicides in fruits and vegetables (apple, orange, tomato, cabbage, and cucumber) using HPLC-UV for separation and detection. During the extraction process, the main parameters such as amount of adsorbent, extraction time, pH value, ionic strength, eluting solvent, and eluting volume were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity of this method was observed for all analytes, with correlation coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.9908. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.021-3.04 µg kg-1. The extraction recoveries of the four triazole fungicides varied from 73.9 to 109.4% with relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range 0.5 to 6.2%. Compared with other MOFs, the modification of Fe3O4@MIL-100 (Fe) with PEI shows high efficient adsorption due to the combined benefits of MIL-100 (Fe) and PEI. The material is easily synthesized, has good stability, and is of low cost. Graphical abstract.
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Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fungicidas Industriais/isolamento & purificação , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Polietilenoimina/química , Triazóis/isolamento & purificação , Adsorção , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fungicidas Industriais/análise , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Limite de Detecção , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Magnoliopsida/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/química , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Triazóis/análise , Triazóis/químicaRESUMO
The brown planthopper is a notorious rice pest in many areas of Asia. The evolution of insecticide resistance in Nilaparvata lugens has become a serious problem in the effective control of this pest in the paddy field. In this article, the current susceptibility of N. lugens field populations to novel mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim and major classes of chemical insecticides was determined and compared. The monitoring results indicated that field populations of N. lugens had developed low resistance to triflumezopyrim (resistance ratio, RR: 1.3-7.3-fold) during 2015-2018 in China, and the median lethal concentration values varied from 0.05 to 0.29 mg/L. Additionally, during 2017 to 2018, field populations of N. lugens showed high resistance levels to thiamethoxam (RR: 456.1-1025.6-fold), imidacloprid (RR: 2195.3-6899.0-fold) and buprofezin (RR: 1241.5-4521.7-fold), moderate to high resistance levels to dinotefuran (RR: 97.6-320.1-fold), clothianidin (RR: 69.4-230.1-fold) and isoprocarb (RR: 44.1-108.0-fold), and low to moderate levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos (RR: 12.0-29.7-fold) and nitenpyram (RR: 6.9-24.1-fold). In contrast, N. lugens just showed low resistance to sulfoxaflor (RR: 3.3-8.5-fold) and etofenprox (RR: 5.0-9.1-fold) in the field. Additionally, the P450 gene CYP6ER1 was found to be significantly overexpressed in all five field populations of N. lugens collected in 2018 when compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. Our findings will provide useful information to delay the evolution of insecticide resistance in N. lugens.
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Hemípteros/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência a Inseticidas/genética , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Animais , China , Hemípteros/genética , Hemípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ninfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Ninfa/genética , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
In this work, zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) functionalized magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4@APTES-GO/ZIF-8) was successfully synthesized and used as a novel adsorbent in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) for the determination of four triazole fungicides in water, honey and fruit juices. The main parameters such as extraction time, amount of adsorbent, the pH value of the sample, ionic strength, and desorption solvent which could affect the experiment results were optimization. Under the optimum condition, the obtained linearity of this method ranged from 1 to 1000 µg L-1 for all analytes, with correlation coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.9914. Limit of detections (LODs) and limit of qualifications (LOQs) of four triazole fungicides were ranged from 0.014 to 0.109 µg L-1 and from 0.047 to 0.365 µg L-1, respectively. Based on comparison with outcomes from other studies, Fe3O4@APTES-GO/ZIF-8-MSPE could provide high performance and achieve satisfied results for the analysis of trace triazole fungicides in complicated matrices.
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For decades, pesticides have been widely used for controlling pests and protecting crops around the world, and the food safety issues caused by these compounds have raised widespread concern. However, the different enantioselective behaviors and biological activities of chiral pesticide enantiomers are often ignored. In this work, a novel method was put forward to investigate the enantioselective effects and potential risks of two paclobutrazol enantiomers during cucumber pickling process. The degradation kinetics indicated that when paclobutrazol reside in cucumber and was introduced into the pickling process, the half-time of paclobutrazol isomers were significantly different (9.24 d and 16.6 d), and the conversion phenomenon between the two enantiomers could also be observed. In addition, results from 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing shown that (2R, 3R)-paclobutrazol and (2S, 3S)-paclobutrazol have an obviously enantiomeric effects on microbial community of pickling system and the degradation of paclobutrazol was probably attributed to the presence of Pseudomonas and Serratia. Finally, the microorganisms functions were found to be disrupted under the exposure of (2R, 3R)-paclobutrazol and metabolic function of microorganisms to xenobiotic was inhibited, which might cause potential risks to the quality of preserved foods. In summary, we have devised a method and provided a novel insight into the potential risks of chiral pesticide residues on food safety and human health.
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Cucumis sativus , Alimentos Fermentados , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/toxicidade , Triazóis/toxicidade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Risco , Estereoisomerismo , Triazóis/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the fluctuation of susceptibility and pattern of cross resistance in insecticide resistance management. After the occurrence of imidacloprid resistance, the brown planthopper (BPH) has gradually developed resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin since 2010, but not to dinotefuran and nitenpyram. Here, we analyzed susceptibilities data of five neonicotinoids during 2005-2017 in East Asia and Vietnam to conduct cross-resistance patterns among neonicotinoids. To determine the factors of development of cross resistance in laboratory bioassays, we used the imidacloprid resistant and control strains that were selected from filed populations in the Philippines and Vietnam. RESULTS: The Linear Mixed Models (LMM) analyses of insecticide susceptibility data showed that the slope values of imidacloprid resistance effects were 0.68 and 1.09 for resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin, respectively. Laboratory bioassay results showed that the LD50 values for thiamethoxam and clothianidin in resistant strains (1.4-5.5 µg g-1 ) were 3.2-16.4 times higher than those in the control strains (0.28-1.5 µg g-1 ). However, the increase in the LD50 values for imidacloprid was not related to that for dinotefuran and nitenpyram based on the results of the LMM analysis and laboratory bioassay. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the development of imidacloprid resistance result in strong-cross resistance to some neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, but not to others, dinotefuran and nitenpyram. We anticipate that our findings will be a starting point for understanding mechanism of the different trend of cross resistance by analyzing long-term susceptibility data and laboratory bioassays in insect pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Hemípteros , Animais , Ásia Oriental , Resistência a Inseticidas , Inseticidas , Neonicotinoides , Nitrocompostos , Filipinas , VietnãRESUMO
Professor LIN Guo-hua is the representative inheritor of Lingnan fire needling therapy. He proposed that the clinical application of Lingnan fire needling is mainly based on pattern differentiation according to eight priciples, as well as in coordination with the theories of meridians and zang-fu organs. He believes that dry eye syndrome can be treated from the aspects of deficiency of liver and kidney, heart yin deficiency, and qi and yin deficiency. Through deeply digging the connotation of ancient classics, and combined his clinical practice using Lingnan fire needling, professor LIN created a unique therapy that select "Neichengqi"as the main acupoint combined with Xialeidian, Dagukong (EX-UE 5), Xiaogukong (EX-UE 6) and Shaoze (SI 1) in the treatment of dry eye syndrome. In this paper, from the etiology and pathogenesis of dry eye syndrome and therapeutic characteristics of Lingnan fire needling, the thoughts of syndrome differentiation and characteristics of acupoints selection of professor LIN were analyzed by a typical case, and it is expect to enrich the clinical treatment plan for dry eye syndrome.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Síndromes do Olho Seco , Meridianos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Síndromes do Olho Seco/terapia , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos VascularesRESUMO
Developing noble-metal-based catalysts with ultralow loading to achieve excellent performance for selective hydrogenation of alkynes under mild reaction conditions is highly desirable but still faces huge challenges. To this end, a SO3H-anchored covalent organic framework (COF-SO3H) as the support was deliberately designed, and then ultralow-content Pd (0.38 wt %) was loaded by a wet-chemistry immersion dispersion method. The resulting Pd0.38/COF-SO3H composite exhibits outstanding performance for the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene with 97.06% conversion and 93.15% selectivity to styrene under mild reaction conditions (1 bar of H2, 25 °C). Noticeably, the turnover frequency value reaches as high as 3888 h-1, which outperforms most of reported catalysts for such use. Moreover, such a catalyst also exhibits excellent activity for a series of other alkynes and high stability without obvious loss of catalytic performance after five consecutive cycles.
RESUMO
Enantiomers of chiral molecules can undergo interconversion leading to markedly different toxicities, which can introduce significant uncertainty when evaluating biological and environmental fates. However, enantiomerization (the reversible conversion of one enantiomer into the other) related to soil microorganism is rarely understood. For better understanding, S-triadimefon and R-triadimefon enantiopure were incubated in different soils with different pH value. Both high-performance liquid chromatography and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to explore target analytes quantitatively and microbial taxa related to the conversion process. Results revealed a significant enantiomerization among the soils. The alkaline soil from Beijing had a faster conversion than neutral soil from Changchun, while acidic soil from Wuhan had no conversion. At the same results, analysis of bacteria community showed higher abundance of Arthrobacter and Halomonas genus in alkaline soil than neutral soil after treatments, but the acidic soil was lower. Moreover, Arthrobacter and Halomonas were responsible for converting S-triadimefon to R-triadimefon and R-triadimefon to S-triadimefon in alkaline and neutral soil, respectively. Thus, these genera may be one of the reasons to explain the enantiomerization in different soils observed in this study. Thus, research at microbial level is necessary for efficient ecological risk assessment of chiral fungicide.