Modified fixation for periprosthetic supracondylar femur fractures: Two case reports and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fractures (PSFs) present a challenge in terms of optimizing fixation in patients with poor bone quality. Surgical treatment and peri-operative management of PSFs in the elderly remain a burden for orthopedic surgeons. Among different treatment options, locking plate (LP) and retrograde intramedullary nail (RIMN) have shown favorable results. However, reduced mobility and protected weight-bearing are often present in the postoperative older population. With a purpose of allowing for early weight-bearing, a modified nail plate combination (NPC) was redesigned for PSF management. CASE SUMMARY: In our cases, two elderly osteoporotic female underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and then suffered from low energy trauma onto their knees after falling to the floor. Plain radiographs or computed tomography scans demonstrated oblique or transverse PSFs, both of which occurred at the distal femur above TKA. The modified NPC technique was performed for treatment of PSFs. The patient was made foot flat weight bearing in 1 wk. At 6-mo follow-up, the union was ultimately achieved using modified NPC with satisfactory implant outcomes. CONCLUSION: Neither LP nor RIMN alone may provide adequate support to allow for union in circumstances where the patient has severely osteopenic bone. Therefore, developing a modified implant offer an alternative choice for treating PSFs. These two cases revealed that this technique is a viable option for the geriatric osteoporotic PSFs, offering safe, early weight bearing and favorable clinical outcomes.

Case report of a delayed iatrogenic Pipkin type III femoral head fracture-dislocation.

RATIONALE: Pipkin III femoral head fracture dislocation (FHFD) is rarely observed in clinical practice, and its outcome is alarming. A considerable proportion of Pipkin III fractures result from repeated or forceful closed reduction of an irreducible FHFD. Pipkin type III fractures pose a therapeutic challenge. Most patients underwent total hip arthroplasty. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 34-year-old man experienced high-energy trauma to the left hip from a terrible traffic accident. Radiography and computed tomography (CT) at the local hospital revealed a left posterior FHFD. Emergency close reduction of the hip was performed.48 hours later, the patient was transferred to our institution. New radiography and CT examinations demonstrated an iatrogenic femoral neck fracture (FNF) associated with FHFD. In addition, a right talar fracture was observed. DIAGNOSIS: Pipkin III fracture combined with contralateral talar fracture. INTERVENTIONS: Considering his Pipkin fracture classification (Pipkin Type-III) and the time to surgery after his injury (>48 hours), the patient underwent left total hip arthroplasty uneventfully, followed by below-ankle plaster cast immobilization for his right ankle. OUTCOMES: At the 6-month follow-up, the patient was able to walk pain-free, and plain radiographs were satisfactory, with no evidence of heterotopic ossification or osteonecrosis of the talus. LESSONS: Before emergency closed reduction, early recognition of the unique characteristics of an irreducible FHFD is essential to avoid iatrogenic femoral neck fracture.

De novo assembly and characterization of the global transcriptome for Rhyacionia leptotubula using Illumina paired-end sequencing.

BACKGROUND: The pine tip moth, Rhyacionia leptotubula (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most destructive forestry pests in Yunnan Province, China. Despite its importance, less is known regarding all aspects of this pest. Understanding the genetic information of it is essential for exploring the specific traits at the molecular level. Thus, we here sequenced the transcriptome of R. leptotubula with high-throughput Illumina sequencing. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a single run, more than 60 million sequencing reads were generated. De novo assembling was performed to generate a collection of 46,910 unigenes with mean length of 642 bp. Based on Blastx search with an E-value cut-off of 10(-5), 22,581 unigenes showed significant similarities to known proteins from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant (Nr) protein database. Of these annotated unigenes, 10,360, 6,937 and 13,894 were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Group (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, respectively. A total of 5,926 unigenes were annotated with domain similarity derived functional information, of which 55 and 39 unigenes respectively encoding the insecticide resistance related enzymes, cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase. Using the transcriptome data, 47 unigenes belonging to the typical "stress" genes of heat shock protein (Hsp) family were retrieved. Furthermore, 1,450 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected; 3.09% of the unigenes contained SSRs. Large numbers of SSR primer pairs were designed and out of randomly verified primer pairs 80% were successfully yielded amplicons. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A large of putative R. leptotubula transcript sequences has been obtained from the deep sequencing, which extensively increases the comprehensive and integrated genomic resources of this pest. This large-scale transcriptome dataset will be an important information platform for promoting our investigation of the molecular mechanisms from various aspects in this species.

[Chemical constituents of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by various techniques. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Five compounds were isolated and identified as friedelin (1), beta-sitosterol (2), umbelliferone (3), daucosterol (4) and skimmin (5). CONCLUSION: All the compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

[Study on chemical constituents of volatile oil from rhizomes and leaves of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens by GC-MS].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oil from the rhizomes and leaves of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens by GC-MS. METHODS: The volatile oil was extracted from the rhizomes and leaves of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens by steam distillation. The constituents of volatile oil were identified by GC-MS technology. RESULTS: 37 compounds were identified from the oil of rhizomes. 36 compounds were identified from the oil of leaves. The rhizomes and leaves volatile oil had 18 compounds in common. CONCLUSION: This study is the first one to report the volatile components of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens. It can provide a scientific basis for rational use of the rhizomes and leaves of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens.

Mitochondrial genome of the pine tip moth Rhyacionia leptotubula (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the pine tip moth Rhyacionia leptotubula (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) was determined. The entire genome is 15,877 bp in length, encoding the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and an A+T-rich control region. The gene order is typical of Lepidoptera and differs from the insect ancestral type in the location of trnM. All protein-coding sequences start with a typical ATN codon, with the exception of COI, which begins with CGA. All tRNA genes could be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except trnS2 lacking of dihydrouridine arm. Additionally, the 7-bp long ATACTAA motif is present in the intergenic space sequence located between trnS1 and nad1, and a long T-stretch with conserved ATAGA motif exists in the A+T-rich region, as found in Lepidoptera. The mitogenome given here provides important molecular information to phylogenetic and population genetic researches.