Identifying the origin of Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J. R. I. Wood based on UPLC fingerprinting and chemometrics.

In this study, thirty-four samples of Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J. R. I. Wood from five main production areas in Yunnan Province, were collected for experimentation. UPLC- PDA was used to generate fingerprints and the common peaks were analysed through R and SIMCA-P. L. crispata from different origins can be distinguished by OPLS-DA and PCA. The VIP values were compared, and 8 characteristic components with great differences were obtained. It was confirmed that the two characteristic components were chrysosplenetin and artemisetin, and the quantitative analysis was performed with these two compounds from L. crispata samples with different origins. Based on the variance analysis results, the most significant difference in the content of chrysosplendin and artemisin was in Lancang and Honghe and Lancang and Simao, respectively. The chrysosplenetin can be used as an important indicator for quality control and to trace the origin of L. crispata.

An Electrochemical Perspective of Aqueous Zinc Metal Anode.

Based on the attributes of nonflammability, environmental benignity, and cost-effectiveness of aqueous electrolytes, as well as the favorable compatibility of zinc metal with them, aqueous zinc ions batteries (AZIBs) become the leading energy storage candidate to meet the requirements of safety and low cost. Yet, aqueous electrolytes, acting as a double-edged sword, also play a negative role by directly or indirectly causing various parasitic reactions at the zinc anode side. These reactions include hydrogen evolution reaction, passivation, and dendrites, resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan of AZIBs. A comprehensive review of aqueous electrolytes chemistry, zinc chemistry, mechanism and chemistry of parasitic reactions, and their relationship is lacking. Moreover, the understanding of strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from an electrochemical perspective is not profound enough. In this review, firstly, the chemistry of electrolytes, zinc anodes, and parasitic reactions and their relationship in AZIBs are deeply disclosed. Subsequently, the strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from the perspective of enhancing the inherent thermodynamic stability of electrolytes and anodes, and lowering the dynamics of parasitic reactions at Zn/electrolyte interfaces are reviewed. Lastly, the perspectives on the future development direction of aqueous electrolytes, zinc anodes, and Zn/electrolyte interfaces are presented.

Determination of tolfenpyrad residues in green tea by GC-MS/MS based on acetonitrile extractant, dispersion solid phase extraction purification.

Green tea is one of people's favorite drinks. However, pesticide residues in green tea can cause harm to the human body, and therefore, detection of pesticide residues in green tea is very important. In recent years, the detection of pesticide residues in tea has become a research hotspot. In this paper, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) detection method of tolfenpyrad pesticide residues in green tea was established by using acetonitrile extractant, dispersive solid-phase extraction purification, temperature programming and application retention time lock with the database. After the sample was extracted with acetonitrile, then the sample was purified by QuEChERS extraction purification tube, afterward isomer B was used as the internal standard for the determination by multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) of GC-MS/MS. The results indicated that the experimental data accorded with the criterion on quality control of laboratoris(chemical testing of food), and the requirements of recovery, calibration curve, precision.This method was used to detect tolfenpyrad residues in actual green tea samples in multiple batches, and the satisfactory results were obtained.

Efficacy of patient-controlled hydromorphone analgesia in those undergoing uterine fibroid artery embolization via the right radial artery.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with hydromorphone as perioperative analgesia during uterine artery embolization (UAE) via the right radial artery. Patients and methods: A total of 33 patients with uterine fibroids, who underwent UAE at the authors' hospital between June 2021 and March 2022, were selected. Hydromorphone (10 â€‹mg) was dispensed into a 100 â€‹ml PCA pump with normal saline. Pump administration was initiated 15 â€‹min before the start of the procedure, and the intraoperative dose was adjusted according to patient pain level. A numerical rating scale was used to evaluate pain immediately after embolization, 5 â€‹min after embolization, at the end of the procedure, and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 â€‹h after the procedure. Side effects were also observed. Results: Thirty-three patients underwent uterine artery embolization via the right radial artery. Patient pain was well controlled at all time points surveyed, and patients reported satisfaction with analgesia. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. There were 7 cases of adverse reactions, but no serious side effects were observed. Conclusion: Patients reported positive experiences with arterial embolization of uterine fibroids via the right radial artery. Hydromorphone PCA effectively controlled pain. The PCA pump is easy to operate, has a low incidence of adverse reactions, and offers economic benefits at the patient and institutional levels.

Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of Cathodically Protected X80 Steel in Different Temperature Soil.

For the application of X80 pipelines in Northeast China, it is important to establish the correct cathodic protection (CP) potential. To achieve this, potentiodynamic polarization; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); a slow strain rate test (SSRT); and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture morphology analysis were carried out for an X80 steel gas pipeline at several temperatures in Heilongjiang Province, China. The results show that the hydrogen evolution potential of X80 steel in soil at different temperatures was about -900 mV (vs. CSE). The generated hydrogen atoms can be adsorbed on the surface of the pipelines to reduce the surface energy, or they can be diffused into the substrate and accumulate to the critical concentration, inducing the decohesion between different structures and generating additional plastic deformation through dislocation motion. With the peak impedance potential as the minimum potential and the hydrogen embrittlement potential as the maximum potential, the CP potential of X80 steel in the soil at 30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C ranged from -900 mV to -1100 mV (vs. CSE), temperatures at which the X80 steel does not corrode or cause hydrogen embrittlement.

High-Throughput Production of 1T MoS2 Monolayers Based on Controllable Conversion of Mo-Based MXenes.

Although transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayers are widely applied in electronics, optics, catalysis, and energy storage, their yield or output is commonly very low (<1 wt % or micrometer level) based on the well-known top-down (e.g., exfoliation) and bottom-up (e.g., chemical vapor deposition) approaches. Here, 1T MoS2 monolayers with a very high fraction of ∼90% were achieved via the conversion of Mo-based MXenes (Mo2CTx and Mo1.33CTx) at high temperatures in hydrogen sulfide gas, in which the Mo-layer of Mo-based MXenes could be transformed to MoS2 monolayers and the Mo vacancies facilitate the gliding of sulfur layers to form 1T MoS2. The resultant 1T MoS2 monolayers with numerous vacancies exhibit strong chemisorption and high catalytic activity for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), delivering a reversible capacity of 736 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C, a superior rate capability of 532 mAh g-1 at 5 C, and a good stability up to 200 cycles at 1 C in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries.

The Interdiffusion Behavior of NiCoCrAlYHf Coating Deposited by Arc Ion Plating on Carburized Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy.

In the present study, arc ion plating (AIP) was used to prepare a NiCoCrAlYHf coating (HY5 coating) on a carburized third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD10. The interdiffusion behavior of the carburized superalloy with an HY5 coating was investigated for a 1000 h oxidation time at 1100 °C. Carburization enhanced the interfacial bonding force and improved the microstructure of the NiCoCrAlYHf coating. An interdiffusion zone (IDZ) formed after a 300 h oxidation time, and the formation of a carburized layer effectively suppressed an inward diffusion of cobalt, aluminium, and chromium to the DD10 superalloy as well as an outward diffusion of nickel and refractory elements for instance rhenium and tungsten to the HY5 coating that occurred in static air at 1100 °C. The roles of the carburized layer in affecting thermal cyclic oxidation and element interdiffusion were studied. Subsequently, a modified form of the Boltzmann-Matano analysis was used to present the interdiffusion coefficients of aluminium.

Brain MRI Radiomics Analysis of School-Aged Children with Tetralogy of Fallot.

INTRODUCTION: Radiomics could be potential imaging biomarkers by capturing and analyzing the features. Children and adolescents with CHD have worse neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes compared with their peers. Early diagnosis and intervention are the necessity to improve neurological outcomes in CHD patients. METHODS: School-aged TOF patients and their healthy peers were recruited for MRI and neurodevelopmental assessment. LASSO regression was used for dimension reduction. ROC curve graph showed the performance of the model. RESULTS: Six related features were finally selected for modeling. The final model AUC was 0.750. The radiomics features can be potential significant predictors for neurodevelopmental diagnoses. CONCLUSION: The radiomics on the conventional MRI can help predict the neurodevelopment of school-aged children and provide parents with rehabilitation advice as early as possible.

Effect of Solution and Aging Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 10Cr13Co13Mo5Ni3W1VE(S280) Steel.

The article investigated the effects of solution and ging temperatures on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high strength stainless steel 10Cr13Co13Mo5Ni3W1VE(S280). Higher solution temperatures can improve impact toughness because of the quantity reduction of submicron-sized particles which act as microporous nucleation sites. S280 has the best mechanical properties at 1080 °C solution temperature. After quenching, the steel is completely martensite with almost no retained austenite. Aging at 560 °C results in peak strength due to the precipitation of fine carbides coherent zones. The loss of precipitates/matrix coherency and precipitates coarsening cause a decrease in strength at higher aging temperatures. Good strength and toughness obtained at 540 °C aging temperature are attributed to fine and dispersed strengthening phases such as Cr2C and Fe2Mo, and the recovery of austenite in high-density dislocation martensite matrix. The details of electron microscopy research, strengthening and toughening mechanisms are discussed.

MicroRNA­29­3p regulates the ß­catenin pathway by targeting IGF1 to inhibit the proliferation of prolactinoma cells.

The present study aimed to analyze the effects and underlying mechanisms of microRNA (miR)­29­3p on the proliferation and secretory abilities of prolactinoma cells by targeting insulin­like growth factor (IGF)­1/ß­catenin. The relationship between miR­29a­3p and the survival of prolactinoma cells was analyzed with the Kaplan­Meier method in reference to The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression levels of miR­29a­3p and IGF­1 in MMQ and GH3 cells were detected. A dual­luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the combination of miR­29a­3p and IGF­1. Cells were transfected with a miR­29a­3p mimic and/or IGF­1 pcDNA3.1 to analyze the effects on the proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) of prolactinoma cells. The effects on ß­catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus were investigated by western blot analysis. The results showed that miR­29a­3p expression was low in MMQ and GH3 cells. Overexpression miR­29a­3p inhibited IGF­1 mRNA and protein expression. miR­29a­3p inhibited cell proliferation and PRL and GH expression, and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting IGF­1. Increasing the expression of miR­29a­3p increased ß­catenin levels in the cytoplasm, whereas IGF­1 promoted ß­catenin activation and entry into the nucleus, and reversed the inhibitory effects of miR­29a­3p on ß­catenin. To conclude, miR­29a­3p inhibited the proliferation and secretory abilities of prolactinoma cells by inhibiting nuclear translocation of ß­catenin via a molecular mechanism that is inseparable from IGF­1.

Selective Etching Quaternary MAX Phase toward Single Atom Copper Immobilized MXene (Ti3C2Clx) for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Methanol.

Single atom catalysts possess attractive electrocatalytic activities for various chemical reactions owing to their favorable geometric and electronic structures compared to the bulk counterparts. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient approach to producing single atom copper immobilized MXene for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol via selective etching of hybrid A layers (Al and Cu) in quaternary MAX phases (Ti3(Al1-xCux)C2) due to the different saturated vapor pressures of Al- and Cu-containing products. After selective etching of Al in the hybrid A layers, Cu atoms are well-preserved and simultaneously immobilized onto the resultant MXene with dominant surface functional group (Clx) on the outmost Ti layers (denoted as Ti3C2Clx) via Cu-O bonds. Consequently, the as-prepared single atom Cu catalyst exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency value of 59.1% to produce CH3OH and shows good electrocatalytic stability. On the basis of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis and density functional theory calculations, the single atom Cu with unsaturated electronic structure (Cuδ+, 0 < δ < 2) delivers a low energy barrier for the rate-determining step (conversion of HCOOH* to absorbed CHO* intermediate), which is responsible for the efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH3OH.

Long-term cycling stability of NiCo2S4 hollow nanowires supported on biomass-derived ultrathin N-doped carbon 3D networks as an anode for lithium-ion batteries.

A bio-based N-doped carbon 3D network is designed to fabricate a composite anode for LIBs. Benefiting from the highly active substrate and the supported NiCo2S4 hollow nanowires, the composites exhibit an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1198 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles, holding great potential for long-term applications.

The Therapeutic Effect of Shugan Xiehuo Formula in the Female Rat Model with Central Precocious Puberty.

Central precocious puberty (CPP) severely affects children's physical and mental health and needs to be treated promptly and effectively. This article aimed to research the therapeutic effect of Shugan Xiehuo Formula (SXF) on CPP. A female CPP rat model was established and then treated with leuprolide and different doses of SXF. Sex organ volume and index were measured. Ovaries and uteri were visualized by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (E2) in peripheral blood were determined. The expression levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in the hypophysis were investigated by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR and western blot. GnRH expression in the hypothalamus and GnRHR expression in the ovary were detected by immunohistochemistry. SXF reduced the volume of the bilateral ovaries, as well as the volumes of the uterus, hypothalamus, and hypophysis in the female CPP rats and diminished the index of the ovary, uterus, hypothalamus, and hypophysis in the female CPP rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). SXF treatment inhibited follicle maturation and uterine wall thickening in the female CPP rats. SXF decreased the concentrations of FSH, LH, PRL, and E2 in the peripheral blood in the female CPP rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). SXF suppressed the expressions of GnRH, GnRHR, ERα, and GPR30 in the hypophysis (P < 0.05), the expression of GnRH in the hypothalamus (P < 0.01), and the expression of GnRHR in the ovaries (P < 0.001) of the female CPP rats. Overall, our study revealed that SXF had therapeutic effects on CPP in female rats. This is worthy of promoting clinically.

Siloxane based copolymer sulfur as binder-free cathode for advances lithium-sulfur batteries.

One of the reasons why lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet been commercialized is a great attenuation of the capacity, although their theoretical capacity is ultrahigh. To alleviate this problem, we developed multifunctional organic matter, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), for preparing a uniform hybrid consists of silica 3D network skeleton and copolymerized sulfur nanoparticles (cpS). In this hybrid, abundant amidogen in APS induced polymerization with sulfur, which formed uniform copolymerized sulfur nanoparticles (nano sulfur), restraining the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Meanwhile, polycondensation APS not only acted as an efficiently binder, affording compact cathodes, but also formed a stable 3D silica structure to encapsulate sulfur nanoparticles, relieving the volume change of sulfur. Consequently, this binder-free cpS composite exhibited much enhanced electrochemical performances, including a high capacity of 1187.8 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 C and a low capacity fading of 0.0654% per cycle for 500 cycles at 1 C. This study paved the way for high-energy-density batteries by simply applying a low-cost, environmentally-friendly, powerful network polymer cathode material.

Revisiting Pt/TiO2 photocatalysts for thermally assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2.

Artificial photosynthesis by a semiconductor-oxide-based photocatalysis is presently challenging due to low CO2 conversion rates and poor product selectivity. To promote CO2 reduction, Pt/TiO2 has been deemed as a classic photocatalyst. In this study, we restudy Pt/TiO2 for the thermally assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and reveal a different story between photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis. For example, when using disordered Pt/TiO2-x, the CO2 conversion via photocatalysis at 298 K is not impressive. However, when the system temperature is increased to 393 K, the CO2 conversion rate is significantly enhanced by a factor of 155 as compared to that obtainable from pristine TiO2; further, surprisingly high selectivity of CH4 (87.5%) could be achieved. Thermally coupled photocatalysis yields the enhanced evolution of H2 side products over Pt (4.06 nm)/TiO2 and promoted H2 splitting over Pt (2.33 nm)/TiO2, which is seldom observed in conventional Pt/TiO2 photocatalysis. The synergy of improved charge separation at the Pt/TiO2-x interface induced by surface disordering and accelerated H2 consumption near smaller Pt nanoparticles by thermal assistance are believed to be critically important for the simultaneous enhancement of CO2 conversion rates and CH4 product selectivity. This study inspires revisiting not only Pt/TiO2 but also reactivating other semiconductor-oxide-based photocatalysts for use in thermally assisted photocatalysis.

Conversion of non-van der Waals solids to 2D transition-metal chalcogenides.

Although two-dimensional (2D) atomic layers, such as transition-metal chalcogenides, have been widely synthesized using techniques such as exfoliation1-3 and vapour-phase growth4,5, it is still challenging to obtain phase-controlled 2D structures6-8. Here we demonstrate an effective synthesis strategy via the progressive transformation of non-van der Waals (non-vdW) solids to 2D vdW transition-metal chalcogenide layers with identified 2H (trigonal prismatic)/1T (octahedral) phases. The transformation, achieved by exposing non-vdW solids to chalcogen vapours, can be controlled using the enthalpies and vapour pressures of the reaction products. Heteroatom-substituted (such as yttrium and phosphorus) transition-metal chalcogenides can also be synthesized in this way, thus enabling a generic synthesis approach to engineering phase-selected 2D transition-metal chalcogenide structures with good stability at high temperatures (up to 1,373 kelvin) and achieving high-throughput production of monolayers. We anticipate that these 2D transition-metal chalcogenides will have broad applications for electronics, catalysis and energy storage.

Bioinspired hierarchical cross-linked graphene-silicon nanofilms via synergistic interfacial interactions as integrated negative electrodes for high-performance lithium storage.

Inspired by the intrinsic relationship between sophisticated interfacial architecture and the outstanding mechanical performance of natural nacre, a flexible, large-area and robust bioinspired reduced graphene oxide-silicon-carboxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid (rGO-Si-CMC-PAA) nanocomposite film with a hierarchically laminated structure was prepared via a vacuum-assisted filtration self-assembly process and a thermal condensation reaction. The as-prepared rGO-Si-CMC-PAA films exhibited a typical orderly layered structure with a thickness of about 40 µm, and Si nanoparticles were uniformly distributed and embedded throughout the continuous graphene network. As binder-free, integrated anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the free-standing rGO-Si-CMC-PAA films exhibited appealing electrochemical lithium storage properties with a high reversible capacity (2153.49 mA h g-1), long-term cycling stability with 63% capacity retention even after 800 cycles at 420 mA g-1, and a superior rate capability. Therefore, the bioinspired strategy of synergistic interfacial interactions of hydrogen and covalent bonding also provides a promising avenue for constructing integrated high-performance graphene-based nanocomposite films in the future.

Gradient-Distributed Nucleation Seeds on Conductive Host for a Dendrite-Free and High-Rate Lithium Metal Anode.

Much attention is paid to metal lithium as a hopeful negative material for reversible batteries with a high specific capacity. Although applying 3D hosts can relieve the dendrite growth to some extent, gradient-distributed lithium ion in 3D uniform hosts still induces uncontrolled lithium dendrites growth, especially at high lithium capacity and high current density. Herein, a 3D conductive carbon nanofiber framework with gradient-distributed ZnO particles as nucleation seeds (G-CNF) to regulate lithium deposition is proposed. Based on such a unique structure, the G-CNF electrode exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.1% for 700 cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2 . Even at 5 mA cm-2 , the G-CNF electrode performs a stable cycling process and high CE of 96.0% for over 200 cycles. When the lithium-deposited G-CNF (G-CNF-Li) anode is applied in a full cell with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode, it exhibits a stable capacity of 115 mAh g-1 and high retention of 95.7% after 300 cycles. Through inducing the gradient-distributed nucleation seeds to counter the existing Li-ion concentration polarization, a uniform and stable lithium deposition process in the 3D host is achieved even under the condition of high current density.

Endowing the Lithium Metal Surface with Self-Healing Property via an in Situ Gas-Solid Reaction for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries.

The property of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is of prime importance for the performance of lithium metal anodes. Replacing the spontaneously formed inhomogeneous and unstable SEI layer with a high-performance artificial SEI is an effective strategy. Herein, a self-healing SEI layer with high lithium-ion conductivity and a stable framework to address the issues of poor performance of lithium metal anodes is achieved. C, Li2S, and LiI are uniformly distributed on the lithium surface via a "sauna" reaction between CS2-I2 mixed steam and metal lithium, which has the potential to be applied to large-scale preparation. The obtained SEI layer possesses high mechanical strength and facilitated lithium-ion transport capability, which are inherited from the amorphous C and lithium compounds (Li2S and LiI). Most importantly, the LiI component can migrate through the electrolyte and cover the exposed lithium caused by flaws and cracks, leading to a self-healing property. As a result, the C-Li2S-LiI@Li electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with low overpotential and long lifespan.

Homogeneous guiding deposition of sodium through main group II metals toward dendrite-free sodium anodes.

Metallic sodium is a potential anode material for rechargeable sodium-based batteries because of its high specific capacity and low cost. However, sodium commonly suffers from severe sodium dendrites and infinitely huge volume change, hampering its practical applications. Here, we demonstrate that sodium can be controllably deposited through main group II metals such as Be, Mg, and Ba since they have definite solubility in sodium and thus enable a marked reduction of the nucleation barriers of sodium, guiding the parallel growth of sodium on the metal substrates. By further homogeneously dispersing Mg clusters in a three-dimensional hierarchical structure on the basis of a carbonized Mg-based metal-organic framework-74 membrane, the nucleation barriers of sodium can be eliminated, owing to the plentiful Mg nucleation seeds. Hence, a dendrite-free sodium metal anode with a very low overpotential of 27 mV and a superior cycling stability of up to 1350 hours is achieved.