Virus detection light diffraction fingerprints for biological applications.

The transmission of viral diseases is highly unstable and highly contagious. As the carrier of virus transmission, cell is an important factor to explore the mechanism of virus transmission and disease. However, there is still a lack of effective means to continuously monitor the process of viral infection in cells, and there is no rapid, high-throughput method to assess the status of viral infection. On the basis of the virus light diffraction fingerprint of cells, we applied the gray co-occurrence matrix, set the two parameters effectively to distinguish the virus status and infection time of cells, and visualized the virus infection process of cells in high throughput. We provide an efficient and nondestructive testing method for the selection of excellent livestock and poultry breeds at the cellular level. Meanwhile, our work provides detection methods for the recessive transmission of human-to-human, animal-to-animal, and zoonotic diseases and to inhibit and block their further development.

Minimum Minutes Machine-Learning Microfluidic Microbe Monitoring Method (M7).

Frequent outbreaks of viral diseases have brought substantial negative impacts on society and the economy, and they are very difficult to detect, as the concentration of viral aerosols in the air is low and the composition is complex. The traditional detection method is manually collection and re-detection, being cumbersome and time-consuming. Here we propose a virus aerosol detection method based on microfluidic inertial separation and spectroscopic analysis technology to rapidly and accurately detect aerosol particles in the air. The microfluidic chip is designed based on the principles of inertial separation and laminar flow characteristics, resulting in an average separation efficiency of 95.99% for 2 µm particles. We build a microfluidic chip composite spectrometer detection platform to capture the spectral information on aerosol particles dynamically. By employing machine-learning techniques, we can accurately classify different types of aerosol particles. The entire experiment took less than 30 min as compared with hours by PCR detection. Furthermore, our model achieves an accuracy of 97.87% in identifying virus aerosols, which is comparable to the results obtained from PCR detection.

Porous FeF3/MWCNTs composite cathode promoting high performance aluminum storage.

Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (RAIBs) attract great attention for stationary energy storage, but there remains a lack of suitable cathode materials for them. Here, a porous iron fluoride/multi wall carbon nanotube (FeF3/MWCNTs) composite as a cathode for RAIBs shows high discharge capacity (180 mA h g-1) and good rate performance, while MWCNTs play crucial roles in improving conductivity and cycle stability. Various characterizations elucidate its conversion-type mechanism, in particular, the Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion exhibits a high operating potential of 1.75 V and discharge capacity of 123 mA h g-1, which is very promising for practical applications.

A core-shelled Sb@C nanorod cathode with a graphene aerogel interlayer for high-capacity aluminum ion batteries.

Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries, RAIBs, as a prime candidate for next-generation batteries, have attracted much attention due to their extremely high anode capacity and good safety. However, the lack of matching high-capacity cathode materials and reasonable design limit their practical development. Herein, core-shelled Sb@C nanorods are prepared by polymer coating and thermal reduction as a metal-based cathode for RAIBs. The carbon shell and graphene aerogel interlayer effectively block the diffusion and shuttling of charging products, thus exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance. This Al-Sb battery delivers an initial discharge capacity of 656 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1, a stable discharge voltage of 0.9 V, and excellent cycling stability maintained at 306 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g-1. Serial characterizations are used to monitor the structural changes of Sb in reversible reactions and to determine the configuration of the charged products, showing that the product exists in the form of [SbCl4]+ cations, that is, a five-electron transfer reaction occurs with a very high theoretical capacity (1100 mA h g-1). This study sheds light on the energy storage mechanism of a metallic Sb cathode in RAIBs, and provides new insights into the study of high-capacity cathodes and the rational design of battery structures.

Ultrafast and Long-Cycle Stable Aluminum Polyphenylene Batteries.

Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (RAIBs) are highly sought after due to the extremely high resource reserves and theoretical capacity (2980 mA h/g) of metal aluminum. However, the lack of ideal cathode materials restricts its practical advancement. Here, we report a conductive polymer, polyphenylene, which is produced by the polymerization of molecular benzene as a cathode material for RAIBs with an excellent electrochemical performance. In electrochemical redox, polyphenylene is oxidized and loses electrons to form radical cations [C6H4]3n+ and intercalates with [AlCl4]- anion to achieve electrical neutrality and realize electrochemical energy storage. The stable structure of polyphenylene makes its discharge specific capacity reach 92 mA h/g at 100 mA/g; the discharge plateau is about 1.4 V and exhibits an excellent rate performance and long cycle stability. Under the super high current density of 10 A/g (∼85 C), the charging can be completed in 25 s, and the capacities have almost no decay after 30,000 cycles. Aluminum polyphenylene batteries have the potential to be used as low-cost, easy-to-process, lightweight, and high-capacity superfast rechargeable batteries for large-scale stationary power storage.

Multi-Arch-Structured All-Carbon Aerogels with Superelasticity and High Fatigue Resistance as Wearable Sensors.

Compressible and ultralight all-carbon materials are promising candidates for piezoresistive pressure sensors. Although several fabrication methods have been developed, the required elasticity and fatigue resistance of all-carbon materials are yet to be satisfied as a result of energy loss and structure-derived fatigue failure. Herein, we present a two-stage solvothermal freeze-casting approach to fabricate all-carbon aerogel [modified graphene aerogel (MGA)] with a multi-arched structure, which is enabled by the in-depth solvothermal reduction of graphene oxide and unidirectional ice-crystal growth. MGA exhibits supercompressibility and superelasticity, which can resist an extreme compressive strain of 99% and maintain 93.4% height retention after 100 000 cycles at the strain of 80%. Rebound experiments reveal that MGA can rebound the ball (367 times heavier than the aerogel) in 0.02 s with a very fast recovery speed (∼615 mm s-1). Even if the mass ratio between the ball and aerogel is increased to 1306, the ball can be rebound in a relatively short time (0.04 s) with a fast recovery speed (∼535 mm s-1). As a result of its excellent mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity, MGA presents a stable stress-current response (10 000 cycles), tunable linear sensitivity (9.13-7.29 kPa-1), and low power consumption (4 mW). The MGA-based wearable pressure sensor can monitor human physiological signals, such as pulses, sound vibrations, and muscular movements, demonstrating its potential practicability as a wearable device.