Corynoxine exerts the anti-tumor effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma principally via the EZH2-DUSP5-ERK1/2-mediated cell growth inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors and the sixth largest cause of tumor-associated death worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 85 % of all esophageal cancer cases. ESCC treatment remains to be significantly difficult. Corynoxine (Cory) is a tetracyclic hydroxyindole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria macrophylla. It is unclear whether Cory has an anti-tumor effect on ESCC. PURPOSE: To determine the anti-tumor activity of Cory and the associated mechanisms in ESCC. STUDY DESIGN: Cory's effects on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, as well as the underlying molecular causes were assessed using two ESCC cell lines, KYSE150 and TE-1. A xenograft mouse model was then applied to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of Cory in vivo. METHODS: Western blot, assays including CCK-8, colony formation, EdU staining, TUNEL staining, cell scratch and Transwell, and a xenograft mouse model were used in this study. RESULTS: Cory suppressed cell growth, provoked cell apoptosis, and hindered cell migration and invasion of ESCC cells. DUSP5 knockdown reduced the Cory-induced cell death and restored cell migration and invasion through ERK1/2 activation. Further analyses showed that Cory promoted DUSP5 expression via inhibiting EZH2 expression, leading to inactivation of ERK1/2 signaling and the subsequent cell growth inhibition of ESCC. In vivo experiments disclosed that Cory suppressed tumor growth of ESCC through upregulating DUSP5 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Cory plays an anti-tumor role in ESCC by regulating EZH2-DUSP5-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Cory may be promising to be a novel therapy for treating ESCC.

A RhoGAP controls apical actin polymerization by inhibiting formin in Arabidopsis pollen tubes.

Formin is an important player in promoting apical actin polymerization in pollen tubes, but the mechanism regulating its activity remains unknown. We here identify REN1, a Rho GTPase-activating protein, as a negative regulator of formins in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Specifically, we found that depletion of REN1 promotes apical actin polymerization and increases the amount of filamentous actin in pollen tubes. Interestingly, the effect of REN1 loss of function phenocopies the effect of formin gain of function, as it causes the formation of supernumerary membrane-derived actin bundles, which leads to tube swelling and membrane deformation. Importantly, inhibition of formins suppresses the phenotypic defects in ren1 mutant pollen tubes. We further demonstrate that REN1 physically interacts with the Arabidopsis formin protein AtFH5, predominantly with the C terminus, and inhibits the ability of AtFH5 to nucleate and assemble actin in vitro. Depletion of AtFH5 partially suppresses the phenotype in ren1 mutant pollen tubes, demonstrating that REN1 regulates apical actin polymerization at least partially through inhibiting AtFH5. We thus uncover a novel mechanism regulating formins and actin polymerization in plants.

Sedated Colonoscopy may not be Beneficial for Polyp/Adenoma Detection.

BACKGROUND: Sedated colonoscopy has been increasingly selected. However, the effect of sedated colonoscopy on polyp/adenoma detection rate (PDR/ADR) remains controversial among studies. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the medical records of 11 504 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at our department from July 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 were collected. Patients were divided into sedated and unsedated groups according to the use of intravenous sedation during colonoscopy. Overall PDR/ADR, right-side, transverse, and left-side colon PDR/ADR, and single and multiple PDR/ADR were calculated. By adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, inpatient, screening/surveillance, cecal intubation time, colonoscopy withdrawal time ≥6 min, and an endoscopist's experience ≥5 years, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sedated colonoscopy with overall PDR/ADR, right-side, transverse, and left-side colon PDR/ADR, and single and multiple PDR/ADR, where the absence of PDR/ADR was used as reference. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 2275 patients were included, of whom 293 and 1982 underwent sedated and unsedated colonoscopy, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that sedated colonoscopy was independently associated with lower overall PDR/ADR (OR = 0.640, 95% CI = 0.460-0.889, P = 0.008), right-side colon PDR/ADR (OR = 0.591, 95% CI = 0.417-0.837, P = 0.003), single PDR/ADR (OR = 0.659, 95% CI = 0.436-0.996, P = 0.048), and multiple PDR/ADR (OR = 0.586, 95% CI = 0.402-0.855, P = 0.005), but not transverse or left-side colon PDR/ADR. CONCLUSION: Sedated colonoscopy may not be beneficial in terms of overall PDR/ADR, right-side colon PDR/ADR, and number of polyps/adenomas. Thus, it should be selectively recommended. Additionally, it should be necessary to explore how to improve the quality of sedated colonoscopy.

Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Acylsilanes with Heteroarenes via Bimetallic Relay.

The transition metal-catalyzed direct coupling reactions involving electron-rich Fischer carbene species are largely underdeveloped and remain a big challenge. Here, a direct coupling reaction of azoles and azine N-oxides is reported with Fischer copper carbene species bearing an α-siloxy group i, which can be in situ generated from acylsilanes catalytically under photoirradiation and redox-neutral conditions. This coupling reaction between electron-rich α-siloxy Fischer Cu-carbene species with hard carbanion nucleophiles may undergo a bimetallic relay process, which is confirmed by the kinetic analysis and in situ NMR analysis. This reaction features mild conditions and remarkable heterocycle compatibility. Notably, this protocol tolerates a series of azole or azine N-oxide derivatives, including benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzoimidazole, benzoisoxazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, purine, caffeine, pyridine N-oxide, quinoline N-oxide, pyrazine N-oxide, pyridazine N-oxide, etc. The synthetic value of this approach is demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of a histamine h4 receptor ligand and a marketed drug carbinoxamine.

Dynamic changes of complete blood cell count parameters among airport workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chongqing, China: A retrospective longitudinal study.

Background and aims: This study aimed to examine the dynamic changes in the complete blood counts of airport staff from 2019 to 2021 and assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on their overall health status during the first pandemic wave. Materials and methods: A total of 2144 airport staff members from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport who underwent health examinations for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021 were recruited for this study. Venous blood samples were collected for a complete blood cell count. Results: Changes were observed in blood routine parameters from airport staff over three consecutive years. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure, the red blood cell count decreased consecutively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hemoglobin and basophil counts decreased significantly during COVID-19 year 1. Lymphocyte and platelet counts decreased, whereas the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio increased in COVID-19 year 2. However, the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and eosinophil count did not change from 2019 to 2021. Conclusion: This study showed changes in complete blood counts in frontline airport workers, especially men, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, paying more attention to the overall health conditions and immune function of airport staff engaged in intensive work is necessary.

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with colorectal polyps/adenomas: A single-center cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be associated with colorectal polyps/adenomas, but the current evidence remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively screened the medical records of 655 participants who underwent both colonoscopy and H. pylori test from June 15, 2020 to April 30, 2023. The number, size, location, and pathological type of colorectal polyps/adenomas were compared between H. pylori positive and negative groups. Adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, fatty liver, body mass index, and inflammatory and metabolic indicators, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of H. pylori infection with the number, size, location, and pathological type of colorectal polyps/adenomas, where no polyp/adenoma was used as reference. RESULTS: Overall, 508 participants were included, of whom 154 and 354 were divided into H. pylori positive and negative groups, respectively. H. pylori positive group had significantly higher colorectal polyps/adenomas (74.7 % vs. 65.8 %, P=0.048), low-grade adenomas (55.7 % vs. 47.6 %, P=0.026), advanced adenomas (22.6 % vs. 13.3 %, P=0.008), and colorectal polyps/adenomas with sizes of ≥6 mm (61.7 % vs. 48.5 %, P=0.002) and ≥10 mm (25.2 % vs. 14.6 %, P=0.004) than H. pylori negative group. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, H. pylori infection was independently associated with low-grade adenomas (OR=2.677, 95 %CI=1.283-5.587, P=0.009), advanced adenomas (OR=3.017, 95 %CI=1.007-9.036, P=0.049), right-side colon polyps/adenomas (OR=5.553, 95 %CI=1.679-18.360, P=0.005), and colorectal polyps/adenomas with sizes of ≥10 mm (OR=4.436, 95 %CI=1.478-13.310, P=0.008), but not number of colorectal polyps/adenomas. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection is associated with increased risk of colorectal polyps/adenomas, especially low-grade adenomas, advanced adenomas, right-side colon polyps/adenomas, and large colorectal polyps/adenomas.

ERCP-Related adverse events in pediatric patients: a 10-years single-site review.

PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients by examining ERCP-related adverse events (AEs) occurring over a decade at a single center. METHODS: Pediatric patients under 18 years old who underwent ERCP at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1/2013 to 11/2023 were included. ERCP-related AEs were defined according to ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Clinical data of patients experiencing ERCP-related AEs were obtained from electronic medical records for analysis. RESULTS: Over the past decade, a total of 76 pediatric patients underwent 113 ERCP procedures, including 26 patients who underwent repeat ERCP, totaling 63 procedures. There were 32 males and 44 females, with a median age of 13 years (range 3 years and 5 months-17 years and 9 months). Among all ERCP procedures, 14 (12.4%) were diagnostic and 99 (87.6%) were therapeutic, with a 100% success rate. 16 cases (14.2%) of ERCP-related AEs, all post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), were observed, while no other AEs defined by ESGE such as bleeding, perforation, cholangitis, cholecystitis, or sedation-related events were noted. Additionally, 23 cases (20.4%) of ERCP-related AEs not included in the ESGE definition were observed, including post-ERCP abdominal pain in 20 cases (17.7%), post-ERCP nausea and vomiting in 2 cases (1.8%), and unplanned reoperation in 1 case (0.9%). In the 26 cases of pediatric patients who underwent repeat ERCP, we observed that AEs occurred in 15 cases (57.7%) during their initial ERCP, which was much higher than the overall average level. CONCLUSIONS: Post-ERCP abdominal pain and PEP are the most common ERCP-related AEs in pediatric patients, while severe AEs such as bleeding and perforation are rare. The incidence of AEs after initial ERCP in pediatric patients who received repeat ERCP is higher than the overall average level. Based on our center's experience, we believe that ERCP can be safely performed in children over 3 years old with biliary and pancreatic diseases and obtain reliable clinical benefits. However, active monitoring and management of ERCP-related AEs are essential to improve the clinical outcomes of pediatric ERCP.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of carbamate-bridged amino acid prodrugs of cycloicaritin with improved antitumor activity, aqueous solubility and phase II metabolic stability.

Cycloicaritin (CICT), a bioactive flavonoid derived from the genus Epimedium, exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities, including promising anticancer effects. However, its poor oral bioavailability is attributed to its extremely low aqueous solubility and rapid elimination via phase II conjugative metabolism. To overcome these limitations, we designed and synthesized a series of carbamate-bridged prodrugs, protecting the hydroxyl group at the 3-position of cycloicaritin by binding with the N-terminus of a natural amino acid. The optimal prodrug 4b demonstrated a significant increase in aqueous solubility as compared to CICT, as well as improved stability in phase II metabolism, while allowing for a rapid release of CICT in the blood upon gastrointestinal absorption. The prodrug 4b also facilitated oral absorption through organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1-mediated transport and exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. Importantly, the prodrug enhanced the oral bioavailability of CICT and displayed dose-dependent antitumor activity with superior safety. In summary, the prodrug 4b is a novel potential antitumor drug candidate, and the carbamate-bridged amino acid prodrug approach is a promising strategy for the oral delivery of CICT.

Comparative assessment of the intragenomic variations of dinoflagellate Tripos species through single-cell sequencing.

Tripos is a large dinoflagellate genus widely distributed in the world's oceans. Morphology-based species identification is inconclusive due to high morphological intraspecific variability. Metabarcoding analysis has been demonstrated to be effective for species identification and tracking their spatiotemporal dynamics. However, accumulating evidence suggests high levels of intragenomic variations (IGVs) are common in many algae, leading to concerns about overinterpretation of molecular diversity in metabarcoding studies. In this project, we evaluated and compared IGVs in Tripos species by conducting the first high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of 18S rDNA V4 of Tripos single cells. High numbers of haplotypes (19-172) were identified in each of the 30 Tripos cells. Each cell contained one dominant haplotype with high relative abundance and many haplotypes with lower abundances. Thus, the presence of multiple minor haplotypes substantially overestimate the molecular diversity identified in metabarcoding analysis, which encompass not only interspecific and intraspecific diversities, but high levels of IGVs.

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody to a dominant epitope in non-structural protein 4 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) is one of the most severe swine diseases causing great economic losses for the international swine industry. Non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) is critical to the life cycle of PRRSV and contains dominant B cell epitopes. This study prepared a monoclonal antibody against Nsp4, and 2D11, which contained the sequence 138KQGGGIVTRPSGQFCN153, was confirmed as the epitope. A 2D11-based double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dasELISA) was next developed with a cut value of 0.1987. A total of 1354 pig serum samples were detected by dasELISA and compared to a commercial ELISA kit (N-coated iELISA), resulting in a positive coincidence rate of 98.8% and negative coincidence rate of 96.9%. A total of 119 sera were positive by dasELISA while negative by iELISA. Higher positive rates by dasELISA were found in pig farms where PRRSV antibody levels varied widely. These results indicated that the dasELISA was a useful tool to detect PRRSV antibody in clinical samples.

Acetate anions intercalated Fe/Mg-layered double hydroxides modified biochar for efficient adsorption of anionic and cationic heavy metal ions from polluted water.

The simultaneous removal of anionic and cationic heavy metals presents a challenge for adsorbents. In this study, acetate (Ac-) was utilized as the intercalating anion for layered double hydroxide (LDH) to prepare a novel biochar composite adsorbent (Ac-LB) designed for the adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and As(V). By utilizing Ac- as the intercalating anion, the interlayer space of the LDH was enlarged from 0.803 nm to 0.869 nm, exposing more adsorption sites for the LDH and enhancing the affinity for heavy metals. The results of the adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption effect of Ac-LB on heavy metals was significantly improved compared to the original FeMg-LDH modified biochar composites (LB), and the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II), Cu(II), and As(V) were 402.70, 68.50, and 21.68 mg/g, respectively. Wastewater simulation tests further confirmed the promising application of Ac-LB for heavy metal adsorption. The analysis of the adsorption mechanism revealed that surface complexation, electrostatic adsorption, and chemical deposition were the main mechanisms of action between heavy metals (Pb(II) and Cu(II)) and Ac-LB. Additionally, Cu(II) ions underwent a homogeneous substitution reaction with Ac-LB. The adsorption process of As(V) by Ac-LB mainly relied on complexation and ion-exchange reactions. Lastly, the modification of the LDH structure by Ac- as an intercalating anion, thereby increasing the affinity for heavy metals, was further illustrated using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations.

A new classification for surgical NEC during exploratory laparotomy: introduction and reproducibility assessment.

PURPOSE: Variability in necrosis patterns and operative techniques in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) necessitates a standardized classification system for consistent assessment and comparison. This study introduces a novel intraoperative reporting system for surgical NEC, focusing on reliability and reproducibility. METHODS: Analyzing surgical NEC cases from January 2018 to June 2023 at two tertiary neonatal and pediatric surgery units, a new classification system incorporating anatomical details and intestinal involvement extent was developed. Its reproducibility was quantified using kappa coefficients (κ) for interobserver and intraobserver reliability, assessed by four specialists. Furthermore, following surgery, the occurrence of mortality and enteric autonomy were evaluated on the basis of surgical decision-making of the novel intraoperative classification system for surgical NEC. RESULTS: In total, 95 patients with surgical NEC were included in this analysis. The mean κ value of the intra-observer reliability was 0.889 (range, 0.790-0.941) for the new classification, indicating excellent agreement and the inter-observer reliability was 0.806 (range, 0.718-0.883), indicating substantial agreement. CONCLUSION: The introduced classification system for surgical NEC shows high reliability, deepening the understanding of NEC's intraoperative exploration aspects. It promises to indicate operative strategies, enhance prognosis prediction, and substantially facilitate scholarly communication in pediatric surgery. Importantly, it explores the potential for a standardized report and may represent a step forward in classifying surgical NEC, if pediatric surgeons are open to change.

Natural Amino Acid-Bearing Carbamate Prodrugs of Daidzein Increase Water Solubility and Improve Phase II Metabolic Stability for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability.

Daidzein (DAN) is an isoflavone, and it is often found in its natural form in soybean and food supplements. DAN has poor bioavailability owing to its extremely low water solubility and first-pass metabolism. Herein, we hypothesized that a bioactivatable natural amino acid-bearing carbamate prodrug strategy could increase the water solubility and metabolic stability of DAN. To test our hypothesis, nine amino acid prodrugs of DAN were designed and synthesized. Compared with DAN, the optimal prodrug (daidzein-4'-O-CO-N-isoleucine, D-4'-I) demonstrated enhanced water solubility and improved phase II metabolic stability and activation to DAN in plasma. In addition, unlike the passive transport of DAN, D-4'-I maintained high permeability via organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1)-mediated transport. Importantly, D-4'-I increased the oral bioavailability by 15.5-fold, reduced the gender difference, and extended the linear absorption capacity in the pharmacokinetics of DAN in rats. Furthermore, D-4'-I exhibited dose-dependent protection against liver injury. Thus, the natural amino acid-bearing carbamate prodrug strategy shows potential in increasing water solubility and improving phase II metabolic stability to enhance the oral bioavailability of DAN.

Guiding function of positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

AIM: To explore the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML). METHODS: The general clinical data, postoperative PET-CT results, treatment regimens, and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected. Among the 21 patients, five patients underwent surgical treatment alone, 13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy, and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo, with four cases of recurrence and no deaths. Through PET-CT examination, two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis, and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis, while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis. Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation, while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally. CONCLUSION: PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection, aiding in precise disease staging, and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient prognosis.

Depolymerization and Re/Upcycling of Biodegradable PLA Plastics.

With the escalating utilization of plastic products, global attention has been increasingly drawn to environmental pollution and recycling challenges stemming from plastic waste. Against this backdrop, biodegradable plastics have emerged as viable alternatives owing to their sustainability and capacity for biodegradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) presently commands the largest market share among biodegradable plastics, finding extensive application in products such as thin films, medical materials, and biodegradable straws. However, the widespread adoption of PLA is hindered by challenges such as high cost, low recycling rates, and complete degradation to H2O and CO2 in natural conditions. Therefore, it is imperative and time-sensitive to explore solutions for the depolymerization and re/upcycling of PLA waste plastics. This review comprehensively outlines the current landscape of PLA recycling methods, emphasizing the advantages and significance of chemical re/upcycling. The subsequent exploration encompasses recent breakthroughs and technical obstacles inherent in diverse chemical depolymerization methods. Ultimately, this review accentuates the impediments and forthcoming possibilities in the realm of PLA plastics, emphasizing the pursuit of closed-loop recycling and upcycling.

Effect of Body Mass Index on Cecal Intubation Time During Unsedated Colonoscopy: Variation Across the Learning Stages of an Endoscopist.

BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and endoscopists' experiences can be associated with cecal intubation time (CIT), but such associations are controversial. This study aimed to clarify the association between BMI and CIT during unsedated colonoscopy at 3 learning stages of a single endoscopist. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1500 consecutive patients undergoing unsedated colonoscopy by 1 endoscopist at our department from December 11, 2020, to August 21, 2022, were reviewed. They were divided into 3 learning stages according to the number of colonoscopies performed by 1 endoscopist, including intermediate (501-1000 colonoscopies), experienced (1001-1500 colonoscopies), and senior stages (1501-2000 colonoscopies). Variables that significantly correlated with CIT were identified by Spearman rank correlation analyses and then included in multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, 1233 patients were included. Among them, 392, 420, and 421 patients were divided into intermediate, experienced, and senior stages, respectively. Median CIT was 7.83, 6.38, and 5.58 min at intermediate, experienced, and senior stages, respectively (P.

Cycloalkane degradation by an uncultivated novel genus of Gammaproteobacteria derived from China's marginal seas.

The consumption of cycloalkanes is prevalent in low-temperature marine environments, likely influenced by psychrophilic microorganisms. Despite their significance, the primary active species responsible for marine cycloalkane degradation remain largely unidentified due to cultivation challenges. In this study, we provide compelling evidence indicating that the uncultured genus C1-B045 of Gammaproteobacteria is a pivotal participant in cycloalkane decomposition within China's marginal seas. Notably, the relative abundance of C1-B045 surged from 15.9% in the methylcyclohexane (MCH)-consuming starter culture to as high as 97.5% in MCH-utilizing extinction cultures following successive dilution-to-extinction and incubation cycles. We used stable isotope probing, Raman-activated gravity-driven encapsulation, and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to link cycloalkane-metabolizing phenotype to genotype at the single-cell level. By annotating key enzymes (e.g., alkane monooxygenase, cyclohexanone monooxygenase, and 6-hexanolactone hydrolase) involved in MCH metabolism within C1-B045's representative metagenome-assembled genome, we developed a putative MCH degradation pathway.

Excellent Bowel Preparation Quality Is Not Superior to Good Bowel Preparation Quality for Improving Adenoma/Polyp Detection Rate.

Background: Adequate bowel preparation quality is essential for high-quality colonoscopy according to the current guidelines. However, the excellent effect of bowel preparation on adenoma/polyp detection rate (ADR/PDR) remained controversial. Methods: During the period from December 2020 to August 2022, a total of 1566 consecutive patients underwent colonoscopy by an endoscopist. Their medical records were reviewed. According to the Boston bowel preparation scale, patients were divided into excellent, good, and poor bowel preparation quality groups. ADR/PDR, diminutive ADR/PDR, small ADR/PDR, intermediate ADR/PDR, large ADR/PDR, and number of adenomas/polyps were compared among them. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors that were significantly associated with ADR/PDR. Results: Overall, 1232 patients were included, of whom 463, 636, and 133 were assigned to the excellent, good, and poor groups, respectively. The good group had a significantly higher ADR/PDR (63% vs 55%, P = .015) and a larger number of adenomas/polyps (2.5 ± 3.2 vs 2.0 ± 2.8, P = .030) than the poor group. Both ADR/PDR (63% vs 55%, P = .097) and number of adenomas/polyps (2.2 ± 2.8 vs 2.0 ± 2.8, P = .219) were not significantly different between excellent and poor groups. The excellent (9% vs 4%, P = .045) and good (9% vs 4%, P = .040) groups had a significantly higher intermediate ADR/PDR than the poor group. Logistic regression analyses showed that either good (odds ratio [OR] = 1.786, 95% CI = 1.046-3.047, P = .034) or excellent (OR = 2.179, 95% CI = 1.241-3.826, P = .007) bowel preparation quality was independently associated with a higher ADR/PDR compared with poor bowel preparation quality. Excellent (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 0.848-1.704, P = .302) bowel preparation quality was not independently associated with a higher ADR/PDR compared with good bowel preparation quality. Conclusions: The pursuit of excellence in bowel preparation does not show an association with increased ADR/PDR and number of adenomas/polyps compared with a good level. In addition, our study further contributes to the existing evidence that poor bowel preparation compromises ADR/PDR and number of adenomas/polyps.

Analysis of multispectral polarization imaging image information based on micro-polarizer array.

As a new detection technology, polarization imaging is of great significance in the field of target detection. At present, polarization imaging technology usually adopts visible light polarization imaging. The technique is difficult to image the target in complex background due to its narrow working spectrum and short detection distance. Therefore, based on the principle of full Stokes micro-polarizer array, this paper proposes a multi-spectral polarization imaging scheme and designs a multi-spectral polarization imaging detection system penetrating haze. Conducting indoor and outdoor polarized imaging experiments. Finally, image quality was assessed using metrics such as information entropy (EN), average gradient (AG), and standard deviation (STD). The results show that compared with traditional strength detection, the imaging system has significantly improved detection distance and imaging quality in smoky environments. The imaging system can effectively enhance the contours and details of the target object and improve detection and recognition capabilities.

Current targeting strategies and advanced nanoplatforms for atherosclerosis therapy.

Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and it is closely related to many cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, myocardial infraction and angina. Although traditional surgical and pharmacological interventions can effectively retard or slow down the progression of atherosclerosis, it is very difficult to prevent or even reverse this disease. In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, various nanoagents have been designed and applied to different diseases including atherosclerosis. The unique atherosclerotic microenvironment with signature biological components allows nanoplatforms to distinguish atherosclerotic lesions from normal tissue and to approach plaques specifically. Based on the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation, this review summarises the nanodrug delivery strategies for atherosclerotic therapy, trying to provide help for researchers to understand the existing atherosclerosis management approaches as well as challenges and to reasonably design anti-atherosclerotic nanoplatforms.