The cognitive appraisal path of stroke knowledge, coping traits, family functioning and stigma among stroke patients: A moderated parallel mediation model.

AIMS: To establish a cognitive appraisal path model that examines the impact of stroke knowledge on stigma with the parallel mediating effects of negative and positive coping traits, as well as the moderating effects of family functioning. BACKGROUND: Stroke-related stigma, a 'mixture' of negative emotions involving internal criticism and external judgement, has been shown to impair patients' health outcomes. However, the specific factors underlying cognitive appraisals and their pathways remain unknown. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. METHODS: The cross-sectional sample was from two stroke centres in China. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic data, stroke knowledge, coping traits, family functioning and stigma. Hierarchical regression models and the moderated parallel mediation model were constructed to analyse influencing pathways. The study adhered to the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology guideline. RESULTS: All 144 samples reported stigma symptoms with a moderate-to-high standardising score. The best hierarchical regression model explains 55.5% of the variance in stigma. The parallel mediation model indicated that negative and positive coping traits co-mediating the association of stroke knowledge and stigma. After adding the family functioning as a moderator, the moderated parallel mediation model was confirmed with adequate fit indices. CONCLUSION: Among the cognitive appraisal factors affecting stroke-related stigma, stroke knowledge reduces stigma by modifying coping traits, while poor family functioning may serve as an opposing moderator. Notably, when family support is insufficient, enhanced stroke knowledge might paradoxically exacerbate the stigma. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study contributes knowledge on transforming health education and emphasises the pivotal roles of clinical nursing practitioners. In similar global contexts, the study highlights integrating health education, psychological counselling and family support to advance systematic nursing practices. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: None.

First Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of an EV-G17 Strain Carrying a Torovirus Papain-like Cysteine Protease (PLCP) Gene in China.

Enterovirus G (EV-G) is prevalent in pig populations worldwide, and a total of 20 genotypes (G1 to G20) have been confirmed. Recently, recombinant EV-Gs carrying the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of porcine torovirus have been isolated or detected, while their pathogenicity is poorly understood. In this study, an EV-G17-PLCP strain, 'EV-G/YN23/2022', was isolated from the feces of pigs with diarrhea, and the virus replicated robustly in numerous cell lines. The isolate showed the highest complete genome nucleotide (87.5%) and polyprotein amino acid (96.6%) identity in relation to the G17 strain 'IShi-Ya4' (LC549655), and a possible recombination event was detected at the 708 and 3383 positions in the EV-G/YN23/2022 genome. EV-G/YN23/2022 was nonlethal to piglets, but mild diarrhea, transient fever, typical skin lesions, and weight gain deceleration were observed. The virus replicated efficiently in multiple organs, and the pathological lesions were mainly located in the small intestine. All the challenged piglets showed seroconversion for EV-G/YN23/2022 at 6 to 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), and the neutralization antibody peaked at 15 dpi. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IFN-α, IFN-ß, and ISG-15 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were significantly up-regulated during viral infection. This is the first documentation of the isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of the EV-G17-PLCP strain in China. The results may advance our understanding of the evolution characteristics and pathogenesis of EV-G-PLCP.

Thiosulfate as external electron donor accelerating denitrification at low temperature condition in S0-based autotrophic denitrification biofilter.

This study was carried out to determine the inhibition of low temperature on the performance of S0-based autotrophic denitrification (S0-SAD) biofilter, and proposed to enhance the nitrate removal efficiency with thiosulfate as external electron donor. With the decline of temperature from 30 °C to 10 °C at 0.25 h of empty bed contact time (EBCT), the nitrate removal rate presented a logarithmical drop, and the effluent nitrate dramatically increased from 9.19 mg L-1 to 15.13 mg L-1. EBCT was prolonged until 0.33 h for 20 °C, 0.66 h for 15 °C and 1.5 h for 10 °C, respectively, to maintain the effluent nitrate below 10 mg L-1. Such excessive variation of EBCT for different temperature is undoubtedly incredible for practical engineering. Thiosulfate, as the external electron donor, was adopted to compensate the efficiency loss during temperature decrease, which significantly prompted nitrate removal rate to 0.59, 0.53 and 0.31 kg N m-3 d-1 at 20 °C, 15 °C and 10 °C conditions, respectively, even at a short EBCT of 0.25 h. It not only acted as compensatory electron donor for nitrate removal, but also promoted the contribution of elemental sulfur via accelerating the DO consumption and extended larger effective volume of S0-layer for denitrification. Meanwhile, the significant enrichment of Sulfurimonas and Ferritrophicum provided biological evidences to the enhancement process. However, the incomplete consumption of thiosulfate was observed especially at EBCT of 0.25 h and 10 °C, and the thiosulfate runoff needs to be concerned in case of contaminating the effluent. Herein, approximately extending EBCT to 0.66 h and decreasing thiosulfate dosage were conducted simultaneously, thereby achieving 100% thiosulfate utilization efficiency and expected nitrate removal. This study provided a fundamental guidance to design and operate S0-SAD biofilter in response to seasonal temperature variation for practical engineering.

Mitigating nitrite accumulation during S0-based autotrophic denitrification: Balancing nitrate-nitrite reduction rate with thiosulfate as external electron donor.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of influent nitrate loading on nitrite accumulation during elemental-sulfur based denitrification process, and proposed to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency by mitigating nitrite accumulation with thiosulfate as external electron donor. Along with increasing the nitrate influent loading (from 0.09 kg N/m3/d to 1.73 kg N/m3/d) by shortening the empty bed contact time (EBCT) (from 5 h to 0.25 h), the nitrate removal loading increased from 0.08 to 0.83 kg N/m3/d. Meanwhile, the raise of the nitrate influent loading obviously aggravated the nitrite accumulation. Herein, nitrite began to accumulate since the nitrate influent loading was over 0.86 kg N/m3/d, and a maximum nitrite accumulation of 2.39 mg/L was observed under the 0.25 h of EBCT and 15 mg/L of nitrate influent concentration condition. Thiosulfate was used as the external electron donor to accelerate the nitrite reduction rate in order to mitigate the nitrite accumulation. As a result, the nitrite accumulation significantly decreased from 2.39 mg/L to 0.17 mg/L with the thiosulfate dosage of 13.36 mg/L. However, the nitrite accumulation bounced with the on-going increase of the thiosulfate dosage, indicating that the nitrate reduction rate and nitrite reduction rate were accelerated alternatively. After dosing thiosulfate, the relative abundances of sulfurimonas and ferritrophicum grew up significantly.

Comparisons of Stroke Knowledge and Health Behaviors in Patients With Hypertensive Stroke at Different Recurrence Risk Strata: The Comprehensive Reminder System Based on the Health Belief Model Study.

BACKGROUND: Risk factor management via behavioral change contributes substantially to secondary stroke prevention. The health belief model identified self-perceived risk as a significant factor in behavior change. In previous studies, people have tended to incorrectly estimate their risk of stroke. Little is known about the differences in stroke knowledge and health behaviors in patients who have had a stroke with different risks of stroke recurrence in China. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the accuracy of self-perceived risk of stroke recurrence and to compare stroke knowledge and health behaviors in patients with hypertensive stroke at different recurrence risk strata. METHODS: Baseline data from 174 patients in the Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model (CRS-HBM) study were used. Self-perceived risk was assessed via the susceptibility subcategory of the Short-Form Health Belief Model Scale, and actual risk was stratified using the Essen Stroke Risk Score. RESULTS: Only 27.0% of the patients estimated their risks of stroke recurrence accurately. Patients who perceived themselves to be at higher risk had better knowledge of warning signs. Compared with patients who underestimated their risk of stroke recurrence, those who accurately estimated or overestimated their risk less likely to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients incorrectly estimated their risk of stroke recurrence. Communicating with patients about their future risk of recurrent stroke may help improve their stroke knowledge and health behaviors. Implementation of the Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model focusing on risk education aimed at prevention of stroke recurrence is warranted in China.

Development and evaluation of recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assays for co-detection of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and the Palyam serogroup virus.

BACKGROUND: Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and the Palyam serogroup viruses (PALV) have led to significant economic losses associated with livestock production globally. A rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection of EHDV and PALV is critical for virus detection, monitoring, and successful control and elimination of related diseases. RESULTS: In the present study, a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay for the co-detection of genome segment 1 (Seg-1) of EHDV and PALV was developed and evaluated. The analytical sensitivities of the established RPA-LFD assay in the detection of EHDV and PALV were 7.1 copies/µL and 6.8 copies/µL, respectively. No cross-reaction with other members of the genus Orbivirus, including African horse sickness virus, bluetongue virus, Guangxi orbivirus, Tibet orbivirus and Yunnan orbivirus was observed. The established RPA-LFD assay accurately detected 39 EHDV strains belonging to 5 serotypes and 29 PALV strains belonging to 3 serotypes. The trace back results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the established RPA-LFD assay on sentinel cattle were consistent. The coincidence rates of qRT-PCR and the established RPA-LFD assay in 56 blood samples from which EHDV or PALV had been isolated and 96 blood samples collected from cattle farms were more than 94.8 %. The results demonstrated that the established RPR-LFD assay is specific, sensitive and reliable, and could be applied in early clinical diagnosis of EHDV and PALV. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the development and application of the RPA-LFD assay in the co-detection of EHDV and PALV for the first time. The assay could be used as a potential optional rapid, reliable, sensitive and low-cost method for field diagnosis of EHDV and PALV.

Heterogeneity and prognosis of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in the circulating tumor cells of non-small cell lung cancer.

Due to tumor heterogeneity, the consistency of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tissue is controversial. This study aimed to establish a method for detecting CTC PD-L1 expression and exploring the impact of the same on the prognosis of lung cancer. In 32 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer cells in the blood were enriched using CD326 immunomagnetic beads. Goat anti-mouse polyclonal CD326 antibody stained the epithelial lung cancer cells and anti-PD-L1 antibody was used to detect the expression of CTC PD-L1. The DAKO Link 48 automatic staining device detected the expression in lung cancer tissue. The consistency of PD-L1 expression was analyzed in lung cancer tissue and CTCs. The effect of plasma interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-2 on PD-L1 expression and prognosis was analyzed. The number of CTCs detected in patients was 1-36, with a median of 2. There was no significant difference in PD-L1 expression fractions between CTCs and paired tumor tissue (p>0.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.20. Regardless of lung cancer tissue or CTCs, there was no statistically significant difference in the blood cytokine levels between the two groups with positive or negative PD-L1 expression (p>0.05). There was no correlation between CTCs and PD-L1 in 23 untreated patients. The expression of PD-L1 in CTCs and lung cancer tissue is heterogeneous and unaffected by the peripheral cytokines' levels. PD-L1 expression has no correlation between CTCs and tissues and is not related to prognosis.

Gender Difference in the Association Between Stroke Knowledge and Health Behavior Before the Onset of Stroke Among Chinese Hypertensive Patients.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that men and women have different levels of stroke knowledge and differing health behaviors, which are important factors affecting blood pressure, as hypertension is a key risk factor for stroke occurrence. There has been little research on the effects of sex on the association between these 2 variables before the onset of stroke among Chinese hypertensive patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study and a convenience sampling method were used. 272 male and 118 female hypertensive stroke patients were recruited. Each patient completed the Stroke Knowledge Questionnaire and the Health Behavior Scale for stroke patients. RESULTS: Compared with female patients, male patients had greater stroke knowledge and worse prestroke health behavior. The Pearson correlation coefficient between stroke knowledge and prestroke health behavior was 0.149 and 0.223 in male and female participants, respectively, P < .05. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that Chinese hypertensive stroke patients' prestroke health behavior was significantly influenced by sex and stroke knowledge. CONCLUSION: Chinese male and female hypertensive stroke patients had disparities in stroke knowledge and prestroke health behavior; moreover, the correlation between these 2 variables before experiencing a hypertensive stroke was different between men and women. Men with hypertension should be considered at a higher risk for an initial or recurrent stroke. Developing sex-specific intervention for primary or secondary stroke prevention in China is essential.

Human Schlafen 11 exploits codon preference discrimination to attenuate viral protein synthesis of prototype foamy virus (PFV).

Recently, the Schlafen (SLFN) proteins have been identified as a novel interferon-stimulated family with antiviral properties. In this study, we reported that SLFN11 inhibited prototype foamy virus (PFV) replication. Over-expression of human SLFN11 reduced viral production, while knockdown of SLFN11 enhanced viral infectivity. In addition, SLFN11 from cattle and African green monkey also suppressed PFV production. Both the ATPase activity and helicase activity of SLFN11 were required for its inhibitory function. Dephosphorylation activated the antiviral activity of SLFN11. More importantly, SLFN11 inhibited the expression of viral protein, which was rescued by viral gene codon optimization. Together, our results demonstrated that SLFN11 impaired PFV viral protein synthesis by exploiting the distinct codon usage between the virus and the host. These findings further broaden our understanding of the antiviral properties of the SLFN family and the molecular mechanism of PFV latent infection.

Relationship between risk perception and lifestyle in ischemic stroke patients with H-type hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Patients with ischemic stroke who have H-type hypertension are at an increased risk of recurrent stroke. The relationship between risk perception and lifestyle in these patients has not been fully explored. The objective of this study is to investigate risk perceptions and lifestyles among H-type hypertensive ischemic stroke patients and explore their relationships. METHODS: A total of 314 hypertensive ischemic stroke patients were divided according to homocysteine (Hcy) level into the normal Hcy and high Hcy group using convenience sampling. The high Hcy group was further divided into the perceived or non-perceived group based on the patients' risk perceptions. The Essen Stroke Risk Score and the Health Behavior Scale were used to investigate the patients' risk perceptions and lifestyles. RESULTS: The perceived risk factors in the high Hcy group included hypertension, diabetes, alcohol consumption, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, which showed no significant difference with those in the normal Hcy group. The high Hcy group had a total lifestyle score of (2.54±0.42). The perceived group had a better lifestyle than the non-perceived group; however, only blood pressure monitoring compliance showed a significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). The lifestyles of subjects whose perceived risks included diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly different to those in the non-perceived group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with H-type hypertensive ischemic stroke who perceive hypertension as a risk factor have relatively good lifestyles. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen risk education for these patients to help improve their risk perception and lifestyles.

Alterations in the transmural gradient of ventricular repolarization with different pacing sites in normal and heart failure canines.

Alterations of the transmural gradient of repolarization may contribute to the increase of transmural dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. The transmural gradient of repolarization may play an important role in sudden death associated with left ventricular epicardial pacing. To investigate the changes of transmural gradient dispersion of ventricular repolarization with different pacing sites in heart failure (HF) canines, 8 mongrel dogs were randomized into healthy group and HF group (n = 4). We mapped the monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) in the subendocardial, subepicardial and mid-myocardial layers of the left ventricle (LV) in canines of healthy and HF groups during right atrium (RA) pacing, right ventricular apical endocardial (RVEndo) pacing, left ventricular lateral epicardial (LVEpi) pacing and biventricular (Biv) pacing respectively. The results showed that in the healthy group, the MAPDs were significantly different among the three layers during RA pacing (all P < 0.05). The MAPD was longer in the mid-myocardial layer compared with those in the subepicardial and subendocardial layers during RVEndo, LVEpi or Biv pacing (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in MAPD between the subendocardial and subepicardial layers during RVEndo, LVEpi or Biv pacing (P > 0.05). In the HF group, the MAPDs in all three layers were prolonged compared with those in the same locations in the healthy group (all P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in MAPD among the three layers during RA, RVEndo, LVEpi or Biv pacing (all P > 0.05). By MAP recording with our new mapping electrode, we found a transmural MAPD gradient among the three layers of the LV during RA pacing and the gradient between the subendocardial and subepicardial layers vanished during RVEndo, LVEpi or Biv pacing in healthy dogs. In contrast, there was no transmural MAPD gradient during RA, RVEndo, LVEpi or Biv pacing in HF dogs. These results are helpful to understand the mechanism of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HF.

Venlafaxine plus melatonin ameliorate reserpine-induced depression-like behavior in zebrafish.

Venlafaxine (VEN) is one of the first clinical drugs for the treatment of depression. Long-term use may cause a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome. Melatonin (MT) could ameliorate depression behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant effects of venlafaxine in combination with melatonin on zebrafish. Reserpine was used to induce depression-like behavioral zebrafish. To explore the effects of combined use of venlafaxine and melatonin on depression-like zebrafish induced by reserpine. We tested the depressive behavior of adult zebrafish through a novel tank test, and evaluated the levels of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) in zebrafish brain using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), besides that the gene expression of serotonin transporters a (serta), dopamine transporters (dat) and norepinephrine transporters (net), vesicular monoamine transporter2 (vmat2) and monoamine oxidase (mao) were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that, compared with reserpine-only group, venlafaxine (VEN, 0.025 mg/L) and melatonin (MT, 1 µM) increased the parameters of exploration in the top of the tank and decreased freezing behavior significantly. Compared with reserpine-only group, the use of VEN combined with MT increased serotonin and norepinephrine levels significantly, while there was no obvious difference in dopamine content. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the use of VEN combined with MT significantly reduced the expression of serta and promoted the expression of vmat2, but had no significant effect on the expression of net, dat and mao. The results indicated that venlafaxine combined with melatonin showed more effective role to remedy the depressive symptoms in zebrafish, providing a reference for the clinical application of antidepressants.

SOX2 knockdown inhibits the migration and invasion of basal cell carcinoma cells by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human skin cancer, which is driven by the aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling. Previous evidence indicated that sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is associated with the tumor metastasis. However, the expression and role of SOX2 in BCC remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyze the possible mechanism of SOX2 in the progression of BCC. The levels of SOX2 in BCC cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transwell assays were also used to determine the migration and invasion of BCC cells. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used for analyzing the role of SOX2 knockdown in the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1)-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in BCC cells. The results demonstrated that SOX2 is overexpressed in BCC tissues and cells. In addition, SOX2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of BCC cells, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress of BCC cells. It was also observed that SOX2 knockdown decreased SRPK1 expression, which further led to the downregulation of PI3K and AKT expression levels in BCC cells. Furthermore, SRPK1 transfection or PI3K/AKT pathway activation abolished the inhibitory effects of SOX2 knockdown on the migration, invasion and EMT progress of BCC cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that SOX2 may potentially serve as a target for BCC therapy by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

[Clinical Features and Outcomes of Paraduodenal Pancreatitis].

Objective To summarize the clinical features and outcomes of paraduodenal pancreatitis (PP). Methods Five clinically or pathologically diagnosed PP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 31 other PP cases reported in Chinese literature since 1988 were retrospectively analysed. Results Most PP patients were young or middle-aged males with a history of alcohol abuse. The clinical symptoms included upper abdominal pain,vomiting,weight loss,and fluctuating jaundice. Serum pancreatic enzymes were normal or elevated. Radiological features in most cases included thickening of the duodenal wall and duodenal stenosis (88.9%,32/36),cysts in the duodenal wall and groove area (47.2%,17/36),dilated bile duct (36.1%,13/36),and dilated pancreatic duct (16.7%,6/36). The main pathological finding was chronic pancreatitis,which could be accompanied by local acute inflammation,which was limited in the groove-duodenal area in most cases. The disease can be well controlled by conservative treatment,although surgery was needed in a small number of cases. Conclusion sPP typically occurs in young or middle-aged males. Radiological examination is valuable for diagnosis. Conservative treatment is the mainstream treatment in most patients.

The relation between residual stress, interfacial structure and the joint property in the SiO2f/SiO2-Nb joints.

In order to achieve a high-quality joint between SiO2f/SiO2 and metals, it is necessary to address the poor wettability of SiO2f/SiO2 and the high residual stress in SiO2f/SiO2-Nb joint. Here, we simultaneously realize good wettability and low residual stress in SiO2f/SiO2-Nb joint by combined method of HF etching treatment and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). After etching treatment, the wettability of E-SiO2f/SiO2 was improved, and the residual stress in the joint was decreased. In order to better control the quality of joints, efforts were made to understand the relationship between surface structure of E-SiO2f/SiO2 and residual stress in joint using FEA. Based on the direction of FEA results, a relationship between residual stress, surface structure and joint property in the brazed joints were investigated by experiments. As well the FEA and the brazing test results both realized the high-quality joint of E-SiO2f/SiO2-Nb and the shear strength of the joint reached 61.9 MPa.

Modified O-T advancement flap for reconstruction of skin defects.

BACKGROUND: Round or oval defects are common in skin surgery. Functional and cosmetical reconstruction of defects in reparative process is critical for patients. Various flaps have been described, however, these flaps often result in longer scar or tip necrosis. To overcome these shortcomings, we modified O-T advancement flap on the basis of conventional O-T flap and observed the validity and complications during defect closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Defect transverse diameter was marked along the direction of minimum tension at the circular center. Extended line was drawn along defect transverse diameter with the same length of circular diameter. The skin was cut apart, and the flap was separated under the skin. Then the flap tips were sutured and fixed with the opposite center. After drainage, the defects were bandaged under compression. RESULTS: This study includes a total number of 48 patients. We examined the location and size of defect and postoperative clinical courses. The follow-up period was from 3 months to 1 year. Overall, 41 of 48 patients achieved the satisfactory postoperative effect. Recurrence and limb dysfunction complication was not observed, except 2 cases of wound scar, 3 cases of wound infect and 2 cases of flap tip necrosis. CONCLUSION: Modified O-T advancement flap is practical and safety. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional O-T flap. Reconstruction of modified O-T flap is aesthetically acceptable.

Selective recruitment of host factors by HSV-1 replication centers.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) enters productive infection after infecting epithelial cells, where it controls the host nucleus to make viral proteins, starts viral DNA synthesis and assembles infectious virions. In this process, replicating viral genomes are organized into replication centers to facilitate viral growth. HSV-1 is known to use host factors, including host chromatin and host transcription regulators, to transcribe its genes; however, the invading virus also encounters host defense and stress responses to inhibit viral growth. Recently, we found that HSV-1 replication centers recruit host factor CTCF but exclude γH2A.X. Thus, HSV-1 replication centers may selectively recruit cellular factors needed for viral growth, while excluding host factors that are deleterious for viral transcription or replication. Here we report that the viral replication centers selectively excluded modified histone H3, including heterochromatin mark H3K9me3, H3S10P and active chromatin mark H3K4me3, but not unmodified H3. We found a dynamic association between the viral replication centers and host RNA polymerase II. The centers also recruited components of the DNA damage response pathway, including 53BP1, BRCA1 and host antiviral protein SP100. Importantly, we found that ATM kinase was needed for the recruitment of CTCF to the viral centers. These results suggest that the HSV-1 replication centers took advantage of host signaling pathways to actively recruit or exclude host factors to benefit viral growth.

Excision of apocrine glands with preservation of axillary superficial fascia for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.

BACKGROUND: Axillary bromhidrosis is a distressing problem, which has a strong negative effect on one's social life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and complications of the surgical modality for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. METHODS: One hundred fifteen patients with axillary bromhidrosis were treated. Two incisions were made transversely along the marked lines on the axillary crease. Subdermal undermining of the marked area with a depth of 0.3 to 0.5 cm and transverse detachment were performed, allowing the exposure of the skin flaps. Skin flaps were carefully separated from the skin. The apocrine glands, follicles, and fats were dissected, and the axillary superficial fascia was maintained. RESULTS: All patients achieved good results in terms of malodor elimination during the follow-up period. All patients reported reduction in axillary sweating. Postoperative complications were minor, including small hematoma (3 cases), delayed wound healing (5 cases), pressure blister (5 cases), and slightly wound scar (2 cases). No infection, skin necrosis, malodor, or recurrence was observed. One hundred eleven patients (96.5%) were very satisfied and 4 (3.5%) patients satisfied with the procedure, with none regretful. CONCLUSION: The procedure has the advantage of a high success rate in radical elimination of the malodor with minor complications.