Genomic and Transcriptomic Insights into the Genetic Basis of Foam Secretion in Rice Spittlebug Callitettix versicolor.

Many animal species produce protective foams, the majority of which exhibit evolutionary adaptability. Although the function and composition of foams have been widely studied, the genetic basis of foam secretion remains unknown. Unlike most species that produce foam under specific situations, spittlebugs continuously secrete foams throughout all nymphal stages. Here, we capitalize on the rice spittlebug (Callitettix versicolor) to explore the genetic basis of foam secretion through genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Our comparative genomic analysis for C. versicolor and eight other insect species reveals 606 species-specific gene families and 66 expanded gene families, associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These functions are in accordance with the composition of foams secreted by spittlebugs. Transcriptomic analyses of malpighian tubules across developmental stages detected 3192 differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis of these genes highlights functions also revealed by our comparative genomic analysis and aligns with previous histochemical and morphological observations of foam secretion. This consistency suggests the important roles of these candidate genes in foam production. Our study not only provides novel insights into the genetic basis of foam secretion in rice spittlebugs but also contributes valuable knowledge for future evolutionary studies of spittlebugs and the development of pest control strategies for C. versicolor.

The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China.

The generic diagnostic characters of Paracercopis (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) are redefined and the autapomorphies are proposed to support the monophyly of the genus. Scanning electron micrographs of antennal sensilla and sensilla on rostral apex of P. seminigra (Melichar, 1902) are provided for the first time. A checklist together with new distribution records and key to the species of the genus are provided. Host plant associations of Paracercopis species are reported for the first time. Paracercopis unicolor Liang, Zhang & Xiao, sp. nov., representing the seventh and largest species of the genus is described from Hubei Province in south central China.

Identification of Leading Compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia (Dudsor) Extracts as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-RBDS1 Receptor Complex: An Insight from Molecular Docking ADMET Profiling and MD-simulation Studies.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are deadly and infectious disease that impacts individuals in a variety of ways. Scientists have stepped up their attempts to find an antiviral drug that targets the spike protein (S) of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (receptor protein) as a viable therapeutic target for coronavirus. The most recent study examines the potential antagonistic effects of 17 phytochemicals present in the plant extraction of Euphorbia neriifolia on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 protein. Computational techniques like molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) investigations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis were used to investigate the actions of these phytochemicals. The results of molecular docking studies showed that the control ligand (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ß-D-glucopyranose) had a binding potential of -6.2 kcal/mol, but the binding potentials of delphin, ß-amyrin, and tulipanin are greater at -10.4, 10.0, and -9.6 kcal/mol. To verify their drug-likeness, the discovered hits were put via Lipinski filters and ADMET analysis. According to MD simulations of the complex run for 100 numbers, delphin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor's active region with good stability. In root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) calculations, delphinan, ß-amyrin, and tulipanin showed reduced variance with the receptor binding domain subunit 1(RBD S1) ACE2 protein complex. The solvent accessible surface area (SASA), radius of gyration (Rg), molecular surface area (MolSA), and polar surface area (PSA) validation results for these three compounds were likewise encouraging. The convenient binding energies across the 100 numbers binding period were discovered by using molecular mechanics of generalized born and surface (MM/GBSA) to estimate the ligand-binding free energies to the protein receptor. All things considered, the information points to a greater likelihood of chemicals found in Euphorbia neriifolia binding to the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 active site. To determine these lead compounds' anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential, in vitro and in vivo studies should be conducted. How to cite this article: Islam MN, Pramanik MEA, Hossain MA, et al. Identification of Leading Compounds from Euphorbia Neriifolia (Dudsor) Extracts as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-RBDS1 Receptor Complex: An Insight from Molecular Docking ADMET Profiling and MD-simulation Studies. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):89-107.

Fabrication of Protonated Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Iodine Capture from Water.

Radioactive iodine (129I and 131I), produced or released from nuclear-related activities, posed severe effects on both human health and environment. The efficient removal of radioiodine from aqueous medium and vapor phase is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, a metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheet with a positive charge was constructed for the capture of iodine for the first time. The as-synthesized ultrathin nanosheets, with a thickness of 4.4 ± 0.1 nm, showed a record-high iodine adsorption capacity (3704.08 mg g-1) from aqueous solution, which is even higher than that from the vapor phase (3510.05 mg g-1). It can be ascribed to the fully interactions between the extensive accessible active sites on the largely exposed surface of 2D MOF nanosheets and the target pollutants, which also gave rise to fast adsorption kinetics with relative high removal efficiencies in the low concentrations, even in seawater. Moreover, a facile recyclability with fast desorption kinetics can also be achieved for the MOF nanosheets. The excellent iodine removal performance in aqueous solution demonstrated that the electrostatic attraction between MOF nanosheets with a positive charge and the negatively charged triiodide (I3-, the dominant form of iodine in aqueous solution) is the driving force in adsorption, which endows the adsorbents with the characteristics of fast adsorption and desorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanism was systematically verified by the studies of ζ potential, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectra.

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Callitettix versicolor (Rice Spittlebug).

The spittlebug family Cercopidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea) is distributed worldwide. Some Cercopidae species are agricultural pests that are responsible for substantial economic damage. However, the genomics of spittlebugs has rarely been studied and their complete genome assembly is yet to be reported. Here, we present the draft reference genome of Callitettix versicolor Fabricius (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) at the chromosome level. The assembled draft genome was 974.99 Mb with a contig N50 of 5.63 Mb, and the longest contig being 24.54 Mb. Hi-C technology was used to obtain an approximately 958.71 Mb chromosome-level genome on 10 pseudochromosomes, which covered 98.33% of the assembly. Repeat sequences accounted for 38.88% of the genomic sequences. A total of 21,937 protein-coding genes were detected in the reference genome, 89.97% of which were annotated in public databases. The high-quality reference genome of C. versicolor reported in this study will provide a valuable genomic resource for future ecological and evolutionary studies of spittlebugs.

Enhanced sulfonamides removal via microalgae-bacteria consortium via co-substrate supplementation.

Both co-cultivation and co-substrate addition strategies have exhibited massive potential in microalgae-based antibiotic bioremediation. In this study, glucose and sodium acetate were employed as co-substrate in the cultivation of microalgae-bacteria consortium for enhanced sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal. Glucose demonstrated a two-fold increase in biomass production with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.63 ± 0.01 d-1 compared with sodium acetate. The supplementation of co-substrate enhanced the degradation of SDZ significantly up to 703 ± 18% for sodium acetate and 290 ± 22% for glucose, but had almost no effect on SMX. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased with co-substrate supplementation. Chlorophyll a was associated with protection against sulfonamides and chlorophyll b might contribute to SDZ degradation. The addition of co-substrates influenced bacterial community structure greatly. Glucose enhanced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, while sodium acetate improved the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly.

Extractable additives in microplastics: A hidden threat to soil fauna.

Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging threat for organisms. However, the toxicity mechanisms on biota, especially soil biota remain largely unclear. This study distinguished the effects of five types of MPs and their extractable additives on a typical soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus using a traditional ecotoxicological approach combined with gut microbiota analysis. A variety of inorganic and organic compounds were screened in extractable solutions. Both MPs and their extractable additives decreased the growth and survival rates of the worms and shifted the gut microbiota, and the effects were type-specific. The differences between the effects of MPs and their extractable additives on traditional ecotoxicological parameters were insignificant, suggesting that extractable additives were the main toxicity pathways on soil fauna. The type-specific effects of MPs were attributed to the varied chemical compositions of extractable additives, and the compounds responsible for the shift of gut microbiota were further identified. The distinguishable effects on gut microbiota between MPs and their extractable additives together with the significant regressions between gut microbiota and traditional ecotoxicological parameters confirmed that gut microbiota could be a more sensitive indicator of organism's health conditions. Combined, the study provided an important insight into the toxicity mechanisms of MPs on soil fauna and extractable additives of MPs may be a hidden threat.

Luminescent Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets with Large π-Conjugated System: Design, Synthesis, and Detection of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Pesticides.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, with largely exposed surface area and highly accessible active sites, have emerged as a novel kind of sensing material. Here, a luminescent 2D MOF nanosheet was designed and synthesized by a facile top-down strategy based on a three-dimensional (3D) layered MOF {[Zn(H2L)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (Zn-MOF; H4L = 3,5-bis(3',5'-dicarboxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole). With a large π-conjugated system and rigid planar structure, ligand H4L was elaborately selected to construct the bulk Zn-MOF, which can be readily exfoliated into 2D nanosheets, owing to the weak interlayer interactions and easy-to-release H2O molecules in the interspaces of 2D layers. Given the great threat posed to the ecological environment by anti-inflammatory drugs and pesticides, the developed luminescent Zn-MOF nanosheets were utilized to determine these organic pollutants, achieving highly selective and sensitive detection of diclofenac sodium (DCF) and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD). Compared to the detection limits of 3D Zn-MOF (7.72 ppm for DCF, 6.01 ppm for TMTD), the obviously lower detection limits for 2D Zn-MOF nanosheets toward DCF (0.20 ppm) and TMTD (0.18 ppm) further revealed that the largely exposed surface area with rigid planar structure and ultralarge π-conjugated system greatly accelerated electron transfer, which brought about a vast improvement in response sensitivity. The remarkable quenching performance for DCF and TMTD stems from a combined effect of photoinduced electron transfer and competitive energy absorption. The possible sensing mechanism was systematically investigated by the studies of powder X-ray diffraction, UV-vis, luminescence lifetime, and density functional theory calculations.

Three new species of the genus Philagra Stål (Hemiptera: Cercopidea: Aphrophoridae) from China and Bangladesh.

Three new species of Philagra Stål, P. bimaculata sp. nov., P. fuscofasciata sp. nov. and P. straminea sp. nov. are described and illustrated from China with P. bimaculata sp. nov. also recorded from Bangladesh. Morphological descriptions and structural illustrations of the new species are provided with distributional data given. Scanning electron micrographs of antennal sensilla of P. bimaculata sp. nov. and P. straminea sp. nov. and sensilla on rostral apex of P. bimaculata sp. nov. are provided for the first time.

Exposure to heavy metal and antibiotic enriches antibiotic resistant genes on the tire particles in soil.

The widespread occurrence of tire particles (TPs) in soils has attracted considerable attention due to their potential threats. The assemblage of bacteria and associated antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) on TPs is yet largely unknown, especially under the stress of soil pollutants. In the present study, TPs were incubated in soils with or without the stress of heavy metal (Cu2+) or/and antibiotic (tetracycline), and bacterial community and ARG profile on TPs and in soils were explored using high-throughput sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR. Results indicated that bacterial community structure on TPs was significantly different from the surrounding soils, with a lower diversity, and significantly shifted by heavy metal and antibiotic exposure. Additionally, a diverse set of ARGs were detected on TPs, and their abundances were significantly increased under the stress of heavy metal and antibiotic, revealing a strong synergistic effect. Moreover, a good fit was observed for the correlation between bacterial community and ARG profile on TPs. Taken together, this study, for the first time, demonstrates that TPs can provide a novel niche for soil bacteria and soil resistome, and heavy metal and antibiotic exposure may potentially increase the abundance of ARGs on TPs, threatening soil ecosystems and human health.

Opposite impacts of chemical oxidation for ofloxacin adsorption on activated carbon and carbon nanotubes.

The adsorption of ofloxacin (OFL) on oxidized activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) are compared, focusing on the differences in carbon structures. Chemical oxidation of carbonaceous materials inhibited OFL adsorption to AC, but enhanced their adsorption to CNT. The higher number of oxygen-containing functional groups facilitated the interaction of the material with water molecules, causing the blockage of AC inner pore. However, the dispersion of oxidized CNT enhanced due to its increased hydrophilicity, resulting in the exposure of some new adsorption sites, as identified by the 1H NMR relaxometry measurement. The adsorption kinetics of OFL on AC indicated that the contributions of slow adsorption and equilibrium time increased after AC oxidation. However, the equilibrium time of the fast adsorption of OFL on CNT shortened after CNT oxidation. These results indicated that the pore of AC was blocked by water cluster and the accessibility of adsorption sites on oxidized CNT was enhanced due to dispersion. This study emphasizes that the structural differences among carbonaceous materials control the oxidation effects on their adsorption characteristics for OFL.

New insights into the different adsorption kinetics of gallic acid and tannic acid on minerals via 1H NMR relaxation of bound water.

The slower adsorption of lower molecular weight organic molecules remains poorly understood. This study investigated the adsorption kinetics of gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) on kaolinite (Kao), montmorillonite (Mon) and hematite (Hem), with an emphasis on the role of the bound water on the minerals. The lower adsorption of TA and GA on Kao than on Mon attributed to the lower specific surface area of Kao. Because of the electrostatic attraction, the adsorption of TA and GA on Hem was higher than that on Mon, even the specific surface area of the former was much lower than that of the later. The adsorption rates of TA on the three minerals were generally two orders of magnitude higher than those of GA. The adsorption kinetics of GA was strongly diffusion dependent; however, the diffusion process had limited influence on TA adsorption kinetics. The decreased c values of the intraparticle diffusion model of GA with increasing ionic strength provided additional direct evidence for the diffusion-dependent adsorption and the reduced hindrance by bound water via hydration layer compression. However, hydration layer compression had no effect on TA adsorption kinetics. The reduced 1H NMR relaxation rate of bound water indicated that the bound water quantity on minerals decreased with increasing ionic strength, which proved the occurrence of hydration layer compression. This study highlighted the importance of bound water and the relative sizes of organic molecules in the adsorption kinetics of organic compounds on minerals, which should be carefully considered for their environmental fate studies.

Small organic molecules act as a trigger in an "unzippering" mechanism to facilitate carbon nanotube dispersion.

In binary dispersing agents system, the contribution and roles of different sized molecules to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersion remain unclear, which hinders the understanding of the environmental behaviour and risks of CNTs. This study compared the dispersion of CNTs by m-nitrobenzoic acid (NBA), trans-cinnamic acid (TCA), tannic acid (TA), and their mixtures. The dispersion efficiency of CNTs significantly reduced with the increased solid-phase concentration (Qe) of TA due to the adsorption of TA on newly exposed CNTs surfaces. However, the CNTs dispersion efficiency by NBA or TCA was independent of Qe because the dispersed CNTs surface was completely occupied by NBA or TCA without new exposed sites available for subsequent adsorption. The mixture of NBA or TCA with TA significantly enhanced the dispersion efficiency of CNTs, indicating a synergistic effect of CNTs dispersion. The addition of NBA or TCA decreased the hydrodynamic diameter of CNTs dispersed by TA, which indicated that NBA or TCA facilitated TA wedging into CNTs bundles for more complete separation of CNTs. This study highlighted the triggering effect of small molecules in the "unzippering" mechanism for improving the dispersing efficiency of CNTs by large molecules.

Testosterone amendment alters metabolite profiles of the soil microbial community.

Steroid hormones are prevalent in the environment and have become emerging pollutants, but little is known about their effects on soil microbial community composition and function. In the present study, three representative soils in China were amended with environmentally relevant concentrations of testosterone and responses of soil bacterial community composition and soil function were assessed using high-throughput sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics. Our results showed that testosterone exposure significantly shifted bacterial community structure and metabolic profiles in soils at Ningbo (NB) and Kunming (KM), which may reflect high bioavailability of the hormone. Abundances of several bacterial taxa associated with nutrient cycling were reduced by testosterone and metabolites related to amino acid metabolism were downregulated. A close connection between bacterial taxa and specific metabolites was observed and confirmed by Procrustes tests and a co-occurrence network. These results provide an insight into the effects of steroid hormones on soil microbial community and highlight that nontargeted metabolomics is an effective tool for investigating the impacts of pollutants.

A new structure on the frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae).

A new structure, here tentatively named the "frontal gland," specifically found on frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug, Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera:  Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae), is reported. Adult C. versicolor is distinctly dimorphic in frons morphology. The frons in female adults, like that in most cercopid species, is normally swollen and nearly bulbose and is covered with short pilosity, while the frons in male adults is visibly different, with the lower 3/5 of the postclypeus and anteclypeus being centrally flat, bare and smooth on the surface. SEM observations revealed that the flat frons surface of the male adults is covered with numerous, very fine pores. In total, each frons has over 4500 pores on the central flat area, with an average density of 55.5 ± 1.50 pores per 100 µm2. The distance among the pores averages 10.63 ± 1.8 µm. Each pore unit is composed of a round, deep cavity in which one central conical process is set. The cavity is delimited by a cuticular rim and the opening of the cavity averages 2.89 ± 0.20 µm in diameter. The central, conical process has a sponge-like apex and measures 2.52-2.70 µm in diameter. In addition, one or two (two in most cases) extremely fine pits (0.42-0.56 µm in diameter) are located on the marginal cuticle rim surrounding the cavity and its central conical process. These cuticular, fine pits are located proximal to the pores, at a distance of 0.98-1.96 µm. These porous structures are not present on the frons in female adults. They are assumed to be an exocrine gland system and are possibly the male sex pheromone-releasing glands, as they are only present in male adults. Observations of mating behavior showed that it is likely that the secretions made by the frontal gland constitute short-range attractants and may fulfil aphrodisiac functions to stimulate mating. The species of Auchenorrhyncha were previously thought to communicate via acoustic signals, but the findings described here suggest that at least one Auchenorrhynchan species also uses chemicals for sexual communication.

Adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) by magnetically modified Enteromorpha prolifera based biochar and the toxicity analysis.

Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) biomass collected from a lake in China was employed for biochar production. The EP biochar was magnetically modified by loading γ-Fe2O3 particles on the surface, and Cr(VI) adsorption behavior and mechanism were evaluated. The magnetic biochar had higher surface polarity, specific surface area and exhibited a higher Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 95.23 mg/g biochar compared with pristine EP biochar. The pronounced electron spin resonance (ESR) signals showed that the environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) preferred to form at lower pyrolysis temperature and lower transition metal concentration. The g factors of BC400, BC800 and BCF400 were 1.8959, 1.7955 and 1.7954, respectively, indicating that the EPFRs mainly used carbon atom as center. In addition, biological toxicity of magnetic EP biochar was tested using the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Exposure of S. obliquus cells to magnetic biochar led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The leaching solution toxicity of BCF400 was stronger than BCF800. Thus, the magnetic EP biochar prepared at higher temperature (such as BCF800) provide better Cr (VI) performance with low biologic toxicity. And the EP biomass could be a promising low-cost feedstock for biochar production.

Enhanced thallium(I) removal from wastewater using hypochlorite oxidation coupled with magnetite-based biochar adsorption.

The development of efficient and regenerable adsorbent coupled with advanced oxidation for enhanced thallium (Tl) removal has been a recent focus on wastewater treatment. In this study, a magnetite-based biochar derived from watermelon rinds was synthesized and used as a sustainable adsorbent and catalyst for hypochlorite oxidation and removal of Tl(I) from wastewater. The addition of hypochlorite substantially enhanced the Tl(I) removal under normal pH range (6-9). Maximum Tl adsorption capacity of 1123 mg/g was achieved, which is 12.3% higher than the highest value previously reported. The magnetic biochar can be regenerated using 0.1 mol/L HNO3 solution for elution in only 5 min, with a Tl desorption efficiency of 78.9%. The Tl removal efficiency was constantly higher than 98.5% during five consecutive recycle tests, indicating the effective reuse performance of the adsorbent. Oxidation, surface precipitation, pore retention and surface complexation were the main mechanisms for Tl(I) removal. The re-dissolution of Tl compounds and ion exchange of Tl cations with proton were the main mechanisms for adsorbent regeneration. Given the fast oxidation rate, high adsorption capacity, steady reusability and facile separability, this magnetic biochar-hypochlorite technique is a promising means for Tl(I) removal from wastewater. The catalytic hypochlorite oxidation induced by the magnetic biochar has also great potential to the effective removal of other pollutants.

Comparative phylogeography of two hemipteran species (Geisha distinctissima and Megacopta cribraria) in the Zhoushan Archipelago of China reveals contrasting genetic structures despite concordant historical demographies.

Continental islands are useful models to explore the roles of shared historical factors in the evolution of sympatric species. However, China's largest continental group of islands, the Zhoushan Archipelago, was neglected by most studies focusing on biodiversity hotspots. Here we investigated the phylogeographic patterns and the historical demography of two sympatric hemipteran insects (Geisha distinctissima and Megacopta cribraria), which shared historical factors in the Zhoushan Archipelago. The results based on mtDNA (COX1, COX2-COX3, and CYTB) and nDNA (28S and ITS2) showed that G. distinctissima diverged into three genetic lineages (L1-L3) ~8.9-13.7 thousand years ago (kya), which coincided with the period of island isolation. However, the three lineages exhibit no clear phylogeographic patterns for frequent asymmetrical gene flow (starting around 5 kya) from the mainland and adjacent islands to other distant islands due to subsequent human activities. In contrast, only one genetic lineage exists for M. cribraria, without any phylogeographic structures. The ancestral range in the mainland as well as in neighboring islands, together with the frequent asymmetrical gene flow of M. cribraria (from the mainland and neighboring islands to more distant islands) within the last 5000 years suggests that human activities may have lead to the colonization of this species in the Zhoushan Archipelago. The contrasting genetic structures indicate shared historical factors but independent evolutionary histories for the two sympatric species in the Zhoushan Archipelago. Our demographic analysis clearly showed that both species underwent population expansion before 5 kya during the post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum), which indicates that the two species shared concordant historical demographies. This result suggests that the population size of the two species was affected similarly by the climatic oscillations of post-LGM in Eastern China. Together, our findings reveal that the two insect species in the Zhoushan Archipelago exhibit contrasting genetic structures despite concordant historical demographies, which provides an important framework for the exploration of the evolution patterns of sympatric species in the continental island.

Description of the immature and adult stages of the jujube tube spittlebug, Machaerota planitiae Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) in Bangladesh.

The immatures and adults of the jujube tube spittlebug, Machaerota planitiae Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) are described and illustrated. A key to nymphal instars is included. Recently introduced to Bangladesh, most likely from adjacent South and Southeast Asian countries, this species has become a serious pest of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Rhamnaceae) causing severe damages to jujube production in Bangladesh.

Redescription and redefinition of the genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharini), with description of a new species from Pakistan.

The genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 is redescribed and redefined based on the types and new material from Pakistan. Chiltana includes two species, C.acarinata sp. n. and C.baluchi Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (the type species), both from Chiltan, Balochistan, Pakistan. A key to the species of the genus is provided. Nomenclatorial remarks on original publication, author, and date of Chiltana are given.