Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing interns often experience lots of challenges during their clinical nursing internships, which can adversely affect career decisions and result in a squandering of nursing education resources. Patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring may affect nursing interns' clinical experience. However, more evidence is requested to validate these relationships for nursing educators to develop effective education programs and facilitate interns' successful transition. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, which used a convenience sampling method to recruit 387 nursing interns during December 2022 to April 2023 in university affiliated hospital in Hunan province, China. Data were collected using standardized scales. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between transition shock, patient safety attitudes, professional identity, and climate of caring. RESULTS: Nursing interns experienced transition shock at a moderate level and the highest levels of transition shock in response to overwhelming practicum workloads, with the second being related to the conflict between theory and practice. Transition shock was negatively correlated with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring among nursing interns. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing managers and educators need to value the transition shock experienced by nursing interns. Our study suggests that developing a strong sense of professional identity and a positive attitude toward patient safety can be effective in reducing the level of transition shock among nursing interns. In addition, a caring climate within the nursing unit can significantly enhance the overall experience of nursing interns. This can be achieved by enhancing the support of clinical mentors, providing patient safety-focused education, and facilitating team communication among nurses.

Mediating effects of transition shock and professional identity on the perception of a caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To determine the association between the perception of a caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns, and the multiple mediating effects of professional identity and transition shock on this relationship. BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted on the involvement of nursing interns in patient safety management and the direct relationship between the perception of a caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether professional identity and transition shock play significant roles as mediating factors in this relationship. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study employed a convenience sampling to recruit 356 nursing interns from 30 nursing schools in a comprehensive hospital in Hunan Province, China, between December 2022 and April 2023. Data on general information, the perception of a caring climate in hospitals, professional identity, transition shock, and patient safety attitudes was collected from nursing interns using a general information questionnaire and reliable scales. This study utilized a structural equation model with AMOS 24.0 to examine the relationship between variables. RESULTS: The perception of a caring climate in hospitals directly impacted patient safety attitudes of nursing interns (Effect = 0.253, 95% confidence interval: 0.218-0.542). Meanwhile, the perception of a caring climate in hospitals indirectly influenced patient safety attitudes of nursing interns through multiple mediating factors, including professional identity and transition shock (Effect = 0.037, 95% confidence interval: 0.017-0.073). CONCLUSION: To ensure patient safety, it is crucial to enhance patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. Our findings suggest that nursing educators and managers can enhance patient safety attitudes of nursing interns by establishing a caring climate. Professional identity and transition shock are important mediators of the patient safety attitudes. Additionally, nursing educators can implement measures to foster a positive work environment, including providing care and support to nursing interns and reducing their workload, to increase professional identity, alleviate transition shock, and ultimately enhance patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The relationship between the perception of caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. Professional identity and transition shock play multiple mediating roles in the relationship. #PatientSafetyAttitudes #NursingInterns #CaringClimate.

Terrestrial inputs and physical processes control the distributions of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the seawater of the large-range Beibu Gulf, the northern South China Sea.

The potentially toxic elements (PTEs), Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in the water from the Beibu Gulf, were investigated to reveal the contaminant characteristics and assess the risks to human health. The results showed that the concentration of PTEs in the Beibu Gulf varies significantly both seasonally and spatially, with higher concentrations in summer and in the northern and southern gulf. Terrestrial inputs and local anthropogenic discharge are responsible for the higher level in the northern gulf, and the transportation of water masses is also an important factor for the higher concentrations in the southern gulf. Ecological risk assessment suggested that Hg is the main ecological risk factor. The health risk assessment revealed that dermal exposure to PTEs in the gulf presents potentially carcinogenic health effects for humans. This study provides new insight into the transport of PTEs over a large area of the Beibu Gulf.

[Multicenter investigation on cognition about preoperative nursing of emergency PCI].

OBJECTIVE: To know the mastery degree of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) preoperative nursing knowledge in nurses who are working in emergency department and cardiac ward. METHODS: 158 cases of nurses who came from three different class III grade hospitals with qualification for emergency PCI surgery of the Guizhou province were surveyed with self-made questionnaire. The survey was conducted in nurses who were working in different departments, and the educational background, age, title, category, the cognitive situation of the PCI preoperative nursing knowledge and necessity of preoperative preparations were investigated in nurses. RESULTS: The whole pass rate was 48.10%; high qualification, high education, higher title of nurses for the nursing knowledge of the emergency PCI were better; the emergency PCI preoperative preparations for the necessity of cognitive about nurses were on the low side. CONCLUSIONS: The cognition of the nursing knowledge and the necessity of emergency PCI in preoperative preparations as whole are on the low level, so specialized training should be strengthened to enhance the ability of specialized nursing.

BoLA-DRB3 gene polymorphism and FMD resistance or susceptibility in Wanbei cattle.

For the further characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-induced foot-and-mouth disease, we investigated the association between polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3 gene and FMD resistance/susceptibility of Wanbei cattle challenged with FMDV. One hundred cattle were challenged with FMDV and exon 2 of BoLA-DRB3 genes was amplified by hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction from asymptomatic animals and from animals with FMD. PCR products were characterized by the RFLP technique using restriction enzymes Hae III. The results revealed extensive polymorphisms, 6 RFLP patterns were identified. By analyzing alleles and genotypic frequencies between healthy and infection with FMD cattle, we found that allele Hae III A was associated with susceptibility to FMD in Wanbei cattle (P < 0.05), whereas Hae III C was associated with resistance to FMD (P < 0.01) and may have a strong protective effect against FMD. Hae IIICC and Hae III BC genotype were associated with resistance to FMD (P < 0.01). By contrast, Hae III AA genotype was associated with susceptibility to FMD (P < 0.01). Sequence analysis show that 89 amino acids were translated in exon 2 of BoLA-DRB3 and 13.70 % of nucleotide mutated, which resulted in 14.61 % of amino acid change. One PKC, one Tyr and one CAMP phosphorylation were increased; the hydrophobicity and secondary structure of proteins produced change after amino acid substitution. These results revealed that Wanbei cattle had the ability of resistance to disease by mutation which result changes of the protein structure to perform the regulation of the cell using different signaling pathways in the long process of choice evolution.

Immune-related gene expression in response to H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in chicken and duck embryonic fibroblasts.

Chicken and ducks are important hosts in responses to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 infection. In ducks, avian influenza (AI) generally causes an asymptomatic and long-lasting infection, whereas clinical apparent and transient disease is often observed in chickens. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we examined the expression of immune-related genes in response to H5N1 infection in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF). While in CEF IL-6 expressed at high levels similar to mammalian species, in DEF expression levels were minimal. Similarly, duck IFN-ß expression were slightly upregulated, whereas chicken expressions were highly upregulated. Chronologically, the mRNA levels of both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, which belong to type I and type II interferon, respectively, were unregulated in a similar fashion in chickens than in ducks. IL-2 and TLR-7 were elevated from the beginning of the infection in both CEF and DEF to the end of the experiment. Chicken MHC class I expression was almost unaffected while duck expression were downregulated. DEF and CEF MHC class II expression were downregulated. Chemokine IL-8 expression was upregulated in both species. The IL-8 levels closely parallel the IL-1ß induced IL-6 levels in the same samples. These results show distinct embryo fibroblasts expression patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFNs between species.

MHC class I loci of the Bar-Headed goose (Anser indicus).

MHC class I proteins mediate functions in anti-pathogen defense. MHC diversity has already been investigated by many studies in model avian species, but here we chose the bar-headed goose, a worldwide migrant bird, as a non-model avian species. Sequences from exons encoding the peptide-binding region (PBR) of MHC class I molecules were isolated from liver genomic DNA, to investigate variation in these genes. These are the first MHC class I partial sequences of the bar-headed goose to be reported. A preliminary analysis suggests the presence of at least four MHC class I genes, which share great similarity with those of the goose and duck. A phylogenetic analysis of bar-headed goose, goose and duck MHC class I sequences using the NJ method supports the idea that they all cluster within the anseriforms clade.

Retrocyclin 2: a new therapy against avian influenza H5N1 virus in vivo and vitro.

We tested the ability of retrocyclin 2, a type of theta defensin, to protect cells and chicken embryos from infection by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. A gene fragment of retrocyclin 2 was designed based on the protein sequence of retrocyclin 2 and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA4.01 (HismaxA), named pcDNA4-RC2. The expression vector pcDNA4-RC2 protected MDCK cells and chicken embryos from infection by the H5N1 virus through inhibition of virus replication and viral mRNA transcription. Retrocyclin 2 is therefore effective in preventing H5N1 virus infection in vivo and in vitro and could be considered as a new therapy for H5N1 influenza and other diseases.

MHC class I loci of the Bar-Headed goose (Anser indicus)

MHC class I proteins mediate functions in anti-pathogen defense. MHC diversity has already been investigated by many studies in model avian species, but here we chose the bar-headed goose, a worldwide migrant bird, as a non-model avian species. Sequences from exons encoding the peptide-binding region (PBR) of MHC class I molecules were isolated from liver genomic DNA, to investigate variation in these genes. These are the first MHC class I partial sequences of the bar-headed goose to be reported. A preliminary analysis suggests the presence of at least four MHC class I genes, which share great similarity with those of the goose and duck. A phylogenetic analysis of bar-headed goose, goose and duck MHC class I sequences using the NJ method supports the idea that they all cluster within the anseriforms clade.