Successful pregnancy complicated by persistent pneumothorax in a patient with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) on sirolimus.

We report a successful pregnancy in a patient with longstanding LAM on treatment with sirolimus. During temporary discontinuation fo sirolimus in early pregnancy, lung function declined but recovered after resumption of sirolimus. Pregnancy was complicated by a persistent pneumothorax which was treated surgically postnatally. The child has had a normal development despite exposure to low dose sirolimus intermittently during early embryonal and mid-fetal life.

Lymph node staging in lung cancer using [18F]FDG-PET.

BACKGROUND: Mediastinal lymph node staging is essential to determine treatment options in patients with NSCLC. Positron emission tomography (PET) detects increased glucose uptake in malignant tissue using the glucose analogue 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the present study were evaluated 155 patients with focal pulmonary tumors who underwent both preoperative computed tomography (CT) and FDG-PET scanning (116 malignant and 39 benign lesions). RESULTS: Findings in 155 patients included 116 malignant and 39 benign lesions. For N-staging, FDG-PET showed a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 91%, and an accuracy of 89%. Corresponding figures for CT were 77%, 76%, and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET is an effective, noninvasive method for staging thoracic lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer and is superior to CT scanning in the assessment of hilar and mediastinal nodal metastases. With regard to operability, FDG-PET could differentiate reliable between patients with N1/N2 disease and those with unresectable N3 disease.

[Interdiscplinarity in thorax operations-from the viewpoint of the surgeon]. / Operative Interdisziplinarität-Thorax. Aus der Sicht des Thoraxchirurgen.

Occasionally, thoracic interventions may require interdisciplinary teamwork with plastic surgery, heart and vascular surgery, or neurosurgery. Thoracic wall defects following excision of primary wall tumors or recurrent, ulcerating tumors of the breast may require full-thickness myocutaneous flaps, which can best be done with the help of plastic surgeons. In case of infiltration of the heart or thoracic aorta, the en bloc principle of T4 lung tumors occasionally requires the help of heart surgeons, for open atrial resection using the heart-lung machine, or vascular surgeons for aortic graft interposition. Paravertebral dumbbell tumors occasionally may infiltrate to the intraspinal space and therefore need removal by neurosurgeons. When and why other specialists are required for an interdisciplinary approach to diseases of the chest has not been clearly defined. Therefore it is wise to gain informed consent from the patient about the roles of different specialists in interdisciplinary treatment for his disease.

[18F] 3-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography: alternative or diagnostic adjunct to 2-[18f]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the workup of suspicious central focal lesions?

BACKGROUND: 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography has been established as a standard diagnostic imaging method in the preoperative workup of suspicious pulmonary focal lesions, showing a sensitivity of more than 90% and a specificity of about 80%. Determination of malignant pulmonary lesions with FDG positron emission tomography depends on the assessment of glucose metabolism. However, false-positive findings can occur in inflammatory processes, such as sarcoidosis or pneumonia. The thymidine analogue 3-deoxy-3[(18)F]-fluorothymidine (FLT) is a new positron emission tomography tracer that more specifically targets proliferative activity of malignant lesions. The objective of this study was to determine whether FLT positron emission tomography, in comparison with FDG positron emission tomography, provides additional information in the preoperative workup of central pulmonary focal lesions. METHODS: In this prospective study FLT and FDG positron emission tomography examinations were performed as a part of the preoperative workup in 20 patients with histologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma, 7 patients with benign lesions, and 1 patient with an atypical carcinoid. Results were compared with final pathologic findings. RESULTS: For staging of the primary tumor, FLT positron emission tomography revealed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100% compared with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 73% for FDG positron emission tomography. For N staging, the sensitivity of FLT positron emission tomography was 57% and the specificity was 100%, and for FDG positron emission tomography, the sensitivity was 86% and the specificity was 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings indicate specific FLT uptake in malignant lesions. The number of false-positive findings in FDG positron emission tomography might be reduced with FLT positron emission tomography. Therefore positron emission tomography imaging with FLT represents a useful supplement to FDG in assessing the malignancy of central pulmonary focal lesions.

[Non-invasive, multi detector row (MDR) CT based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of hemodynamics in infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) before and after endovascular repair]. / Blutflusssimulation mittels Computational-Fluid-Dynamics an aus CT-Daten rekonstruierten Aortenaneurysmata vor und nach Stent-Graft Implantation.

PURPOSE: Simulation, description and analysis of dynamic pressure in infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) before and after endovascular repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During March 1996 and May 2001, 13 patients with AAA underwent endovascular treatment. The MDR-CT scans of these patients were used for the non-invasive analysis of the hemodynamics in the aorta with CFD software before and after endovascular repair. One pre-interventional and three post-interventional CT scans were analyzed for each patient. RESULTS: Compared to the pre-interventional simulation, endovascular treatment led to an average dynamic pressure decrease of 1057 Pa in 10 of 13 patients. During the subsequent course, the median of the dynamic pressure decreased in 8 of 13 patients. Vulnerable regions initially identified as high-pressure regions, like the docking area or the second stent limb, adapted to the pressure in the surrounding tissue in the course of time. CONCLUSION: CFD-based blood flow simulation offers the opportunity to analyze dynamic pressure in AAA before and after endovascular repair and allows a prognostic statement as to the possible homogenization of the pressure in abdominal stent-grafts.

[Fatal outcome after multiple trauma. The thoracic injury as the decisive factor]. / Letaler Verlauf nach Mehrfachverletzung. Das Thoraxtrauma als entscheidender Faktor.

In patients suffering from multiple injury, chest trauma is often the main cause of fatality. A case report is given and the literature reviewed.A 49 years old motorcyclist hit a car frontally in a road accident. After primary stabilization and first clinical care, he was transferred to our trauma centre because of severe chest injury, suspected pericardial effusion and lesion of the thoracic aorta. Initial diagnostics (plain radiographs, CT scan of thorax, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography) showed left-sided serial rib fractures, a fracture of the left scapula, a hematopneumothorax left-sided, bilateral lung contusion, a small pneumothorax of the right side, a minimal pericardial effusion and a small splenic hematoma. The patient was treated in the intensive care unit, and the situation was initially stable. After 12 h, respiration deteriorated and a bronchoscopy showed filling of the airways with mucous fluid. The CT scan showed a worsening of the pulmonary damage and increasing pericardial fluid compression. A pericardiotomy was carried out, but the situation remained unstable. The patient was treated with invasive ventilation (PEEP>10, FiO2>0,5). Sudden severe bleeding out of left lower lobe was managed by thoracotomy and lobectomy. The patient remained unstable and died 95 h after the accident. This case shows that the severity of chest trauma does not necessarily correlate with the initial clinical and radiological findings. Even with all diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, a fatal outcome could not be prevented. This demonstrates the role of chest injury as a major and unforeseeable cause of death in multiple trauma patients.

Virtual intra-arterial angioscopy (VIA) of the carotid artery based on helical CT data.

The purpose of this study was to visualize both the vessel wall and atherosclerotic plaques in virtual intra-arterial angioscopy (VIA) based on helical CT data sets. To achieve this in vitro, the optimal reconstruction threshold of the vessel wall was determined to be 56.4% of the maximum enhancement. Using this threshold, 20 patients suffering from symptomatic carotid disease were examined in a helical CT scanner. The degree of stenosis was defined using the North American Symptomatic Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria and compared with results from digital substraction angiography (DSA). Grading of stenoses was only possible by adding the separately computed plaque geometry to the geometry of the vessel wall in a second step. Correlation between VIA and DSA in low grade, medium grade and high grade stenosis was 88%, 93% and 71%, respectively. Complete occlusions were diagnosed correctly in all patients. Sensitivity and specificity for the correct diagnosis of high grade stenosis was 93.7% and 91.3%, respectively. A realistic depiction of intraluminal structures in carotid arteries can only be generated by displaying both the vessel wall and plaque structures simultaneously.

Vacuum-sealed mesh graft transplantation in chronic cutaneous ulcers of the lower leg.

BACKGROUND: The covering of defects caused by chronic ulcers on limbs affected by peripheral arterial disease or chronic venous insufficiency is often difficult due to extensive secretion and edema, while chronic bacterial contamination of the wound bed further compromises the conditions for successful healing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Vacuum-sealed dressing (VSD) offers the option of a closed dressing system for moist wound care that assures firm contact with the wound surface and protection against contamination with nosocomial microbes and decontamination of existing bacteria by means of constant drainage of secretion independent of gravity. VSD is particularly useful in difficult wounds featuring extensive secretion and unfavorable localization and offers many advantages over conventional dressing techniques in terms of improved healing of skin transplants. A total of 35 patients with chronic leg ulcers were treated with vacuum-sealed mesh graft transplantation. RESULTS: Complete healing of the mesh graft transplant was observed in 20 patients (57%). Twelve patients (34%) experienced partial healing (75-90%) of the transplant, while three patients exhibited less than 75% healing of the graft and therefore required a second mesh graft transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: VSD is a simple, quick and inexpensive technique that promotes excellent healing of skin transplants. It is particularly useful in difficult wounds with extensive secretion and/or contamination or infection.

Endovascular exclusion of thoracic aortic aneurysms: mid-term results of elective treatment and in contained rupture.

PURPOSE: The purpose is to present results of endovascular exclusion (stent-graft treatment) of aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta both in elective cases and in emergencies. METHODS: Indications for stent-graft treatment were dependent on multislice angio-CT evaluation revealing a proximal neck of at least 10 mm between the left common carotid artery and the onset of aneurysm. All stent grafts were inserted in the operating room; 43 transfemoral, 2 transiliac. The stent grafts used were Corvita, Stenford, Vanguard, AneuRx, Talent, and Excluder. Deployment was achieved under fluoroscopic control, endoleaks were checked for with D S A on the operating table and postoperatively by angio-CT. Long-term follow-up consisted of evaluation with angio-CT after 6 and 12 months, and from there on once a year and with plain chest X-rays. Follow-up was achieved in all patients. RESULTS: Mean follow-up is 21 months (1-66); 30-day mortality is 3/45, no permanent neurologic deficit. Thirty patients were treated electively, 15 with contained rupture. Left subclavian artery overstenting proved to be necessary in 12 patients for proper proximal sealing of the aneurysm, type I endoleaks were observed in 10 patients, one early conversion, 7 proximal extension cuffs, one sealed spontaneously, one still at risk. Among patients where LSA had been overstented only one wanted a transposition, all others did well without left-hand ischemia or subclavian steal syndrome. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment is less invasive and has reasonable mortality and morbidity but is limited to well-defined morphologies. Mid-term results are promising but it has to be observed whether these will translate into long-term durability.

Treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms with a combined endovascular and surgical approach.

AIM: The conventional approach for the repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms remains complex and demanding and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Moreover, in cases of reoperation the impact can be dramatic either in survival or in quality of life of the patients, albeit the use of adjuncts. A combined endovascular and surgical approach with retrograde perfusion of visceral and renal vessels has been realized in order to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications. METHODS: Within an experience of 231 aortic stent-grafts between 1995-2000, 4 of the patients with thoracoabdominal aneurysms were treated with a combined endovascular and surgical approach. Three procedures were electively conducted and 1 on emergency basis. Two women, 59 and 68 years old, and 2 men, 68 and 73 years old (maximum aneurysm's diameter was 10, 6, 8 and 9 cm, respectively) were operated with the combined method (the first 2 patients had a previous open repair of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm). The surgical approach was executed in all patients without thoracotomy or re-do retroperitoneal exposure. Revascularization of renal, superior mesenteric (and celiac in 2 cases) arteries was accomplished via transperitoneal bypass grafting. Aneurysmal exclusion was performed by stent-graft deployment. RESULTS: The entire procedure was technically successful in all patients. The 1(st) patient was discharged 6 weeks after the operation, while the postoperative studies revealed the patency of the vessels and no evidence of leak or secondary rupture of the aneurysm; the patient died 3 months after the repair, due to rupture of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta. In the 2(nd) patient, 30 months after the operation, spiral-CT scanning revealed distinct shrinkage of the aneurysm, no graft migration or endoleak and patency of all revascularized vessels. The 3(rd) patient died on the 6th postoperative day due to multiorgan failure after having developed ischemic-related pancreatitis, albeit the successful combined repair. The 4(th) patient followed an uneventful course. No patient experienced any temporary or permanent neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: The combined endovascular and surgical approach is feasible, without cross-clamping of the aorta and with minimized ischemia time for renal and visceral arteries, and seems the appropriate strategy for high risk and previously operated, with a thoracoabdominal trans-diaphragmatic approach, patients.

[Endoluminal stent-assisted management of acute traumatic aortic rupture]. / Endoluminale stentgestützte Versorgung der akuten traumatischen Aortenruptur.

INTRODUCTION: Open repair of traumatic descending aortic rupture in trauma patients is associated with a mortality rate of 15-20% and a risk of paraplegia of 5-10%. Stent grafts may decrease the morbidity and mortality of these procedures by reducing blood loss and aortic occlusion time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Within an experience of 52 thoracic stent grafts between 1995 and 2000, eight men with acute traumatic descending aortic rupture were conducted as emergencies without delay. All patients had severe coinjuries and presented with acute onset of mediastinal hematoma due to periaortic bleeding. Successful stent deployment was performed in all eight patients, seven of them required one single stent and one required two stents; within the aortic arch all stents covered the origin of the left subclavian artery. RESULTS: All acute aortic ruptures were sealed successfully. One death occurred in hospital from multiorgan failure. There was no conversion to open repair. Not one patient's condition resulted in temporary or permanent paraplegia. One endoleak required treatment by overstenting. Two patients required secondary surgical procedures (iliac access complication and revascularisation of left subclavian artery). Mean follow-up was 11 months (1-21 months). Mid-term freedom from endoleak was monitored in all patients. CONCLUSION: The treatment of acute traumatic descending aortic rupture with an endovascular approach is feasible and safe and may offer the best means of therapy. The mortality rate and risk of paraplegia are low compared with the risks associated with open operations. Continued surveillance is essential.

[What is the cost of vascular operations? A prospective cost analysis of conventional and combined endovascular interventions]. / Was kosten gefässchirurgische Operationen? Eine prospektive Kostenanalyse konventioneller und kombiniert endovaskulärer Eingriffe.

Current and future legislation demand improved efficiency in the medical services. The aim of this study was to analyse the costs of vascular surgery in order to reveal potential ways of reducing expense. Taking into account the staff, equipment and operating theatre supplies, we analyzed 58 elective operations comprising 47 conventional and 11 combined endovascular procedures. The mean overall costs calculated for the different operations were: 5.269 DM for a transfemoral embolectomy (n = 3), 8.504 DM for a patchplasik of the profunda arteria (n = 8), 10.265 DM for a femoro-popliteal bypass with a prosthesis (n = 6)--13.180 DM with a vein (n = 2), 9.864 DM for conventional iliac artery reconstruction (n = 7)--iliac endovascular combined procedure (n = 4) 14.494 DM, 14.951 DM for a Y-prosthesis in case of stenosis (n = 3)--13.288 DM in case of infrarenal aortic aneurysm (IAA, n = 4), 11.954 DM for a tube prosthesis in case of IAA (n = 3), 23.571 DMY-stent prothesis for IAA (n = 5), 19.914 DM stent for a thoracic aneurysm (n = 2), 7.153 DM a carotid thrombendarterectomy (n = 6), 5.503 DM for varicosis surgery (n = 5). Because of the high cost of materials, the total outlay for combined endovascular procedures appeared to be high when compared to conventional vascular surgery. Substantial savings concerning the operation may only be achieved if facility structure and qualification of staff meets the particular requirements.

Endovascular repair of aortic rupture due to trauma and aneurysm.

OBJECTIVES: to report a single centre experience with endovascular repair of the ruptured descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. DESIGN: prospective non-randomised study in a university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: between 1995 and 2000, endovascular treatment was utilised for 231 aortic repairs; in 37 cases (16%) endografting was conducted on an emergency basis for 21 ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms, 15 ruptured descending thoracic aortic lesions, and 1 ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The feasibility of endovascular treatment and the prostheses' size were determined, based on preoperative spiral CT and intraoperative angiography, both obtained in each patient. RESULTS: endografting was successfully completed in 35 patients (95%). Primary conversion to open repair was necessary in 2 patients (5%). Postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 11% (4 deaths). No patient developed postoperative temporary or permanent paraplegia. In 2 patients (5%) primary endoleaks required overstenting and in 6 patients (16%) secondary surgical interventions were required. Mean follow-up was 19 months (1-70 months); three deaths occurred within three months postoperatively (1-year survival rate 81+/-6%). In one case, secondary conversion to open repair was necessary 14 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: the feasibility of endoluminal repair of the ruptured aorta has been demonstrated. Endoluminal treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality, and may in time become the procedure of choice in certain centres. However, further follow-up is required to determine the long-term efficacy.

Intraoperative, perioperative and late complications with endovascular therapy of aortic aneurysm.

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence and management of the intraoperative, perioperative and late complications of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS: Endovascular aneurysm repair was attempted in 130 patients between October, 1995 and January, 2000. Follow-up including computed tomography (CT) was performed in the immediate postoperative period and then at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and biannually thereafter. The median follow-up period was 20 months. RESULTS: Intra- and perioperative problems occurred in 26 patients (20%). Conversion to open surgery was required in five cases (4%). The primary technical success rate was 86%. Three patients (2%) died within the first 30 postoperative days. Late problems occurred in 28 patients (26%). These included: endoleaks (type I: 5%; type II: 10%; type III: 1%) and limb occlusion (3%). The cumulative rate of freedom from secondary intervention was in the first 65 patients treated: 86% and 65% after 1 and 3 years, respectively, and in the last 65 patients: 90% at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular aneurysm repair is associated with a higher complication rate than open surgery.

Influence of treatment of type II leaks on the aneurysm surface area.

OBJECTIVE: to determine whether interventional treatment of type II endoleaks leads to a decrease in aneurysm surface area. MATERIAL AND METHOD: type II endoleaks were detected in a group of 14 male patients (median age: 70.2 years) following endovascular repair of a total number of 160 infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. The surface area of the aneurysm was determined by computed tomography (CT) pre- and postoperatively and at subsequent follow-up examinations. If type II endoleaks were documented at CT, patients underwent treatment by means of coil embolisation. RESULTS: interventional treatment resulted in successful occlusion of type II endoleaks in eight patients. One of the cases exhibited spontaneous occlusion. Occlusion was associated with an average decrease in aneurysm surface area of 3.3 cm(2)( p =0.01). In one of these patients, treatment resulted in a temporary occlusion of the endoleak, also with associated decrease in aneurysm size. After recurrence of the type II endoleak, however, the patient experienced an increase in aneurysm surface area. In the remaining four patients the type II endoleaks persisted, resulting in a non significant increase in aneurysm surface area. CONCLUSION: only complete occlusion of endoleaks results in decrease in the size of the aneurysm sac. Because of endotension and the risk of rupture we favour an early interventional treatment of type II endoleaks.

[Chances in surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoma under palliative conditions]. / Chancen der operativen Therapie des Bronchialkarzinoms bei palliativer Indikation.

UNLABELLED: Palliative surgery aims at symptomatic relief in patients in whom curative therapy seems not feasible. When diagnostic imaging techniques describe advanced stage IIIa, IIIb or IV malignancy, despite of palliative intention curative resection may still be possible. Objective of the present study was to investigate lung cancer patients undergoing surgery with palliative intent and to compare their prognosis with patients whose tumor resection had been complete (R0) or incomplete (R1/R2). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Patients were assigned to one of the three groups on the basis of the following criteria: palliative intention with subsequent complete resection (group I, n = 11); curative intention with subsequent incomplete resection (group II, n = 38), palliative intention with incomplete resection (group III, n = 23). Additionally 3 patients were operated on by explorative thoracotomy. A total number of 75 patients was therefore investigated. Median follow-up period was 34.5 months. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The following procedures involving resection of pulmonary tissue were performed: pneumonectomy (n = 10), extended pneumonectomy (n = 32), lobectomy (n = 5), extended lobectomy (n = 11), sleeve lobectomy (n = 7), bilobectomy (n = 3), extended bilobectomy (n = 4). The 30 days hospital mortality rate was 13%. Median survival times were 25.5 months in group I, 12.8 months in group II and 7.7 months in group III (statistical significance: group I vs. group II/III, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study show that patients with bronchial carcinoma in advanced tumor stages III and IV may still benefit from pulmonary resection, particularly when reduction of their somatic complaints is considered. In 11 patients, R0 resection was feasible leading to a statistically significant prolongation of their survival rates.

Diffusion-weighted MRI: detection of cerebral ischemia before and after carotid thromboendarterectomy.

PURPOSE: Conventional postoperative evaluation of patients following carotid thromboendarterectomy (TEA) consists of a clinical neurologic examination to assess neurologic deficits, color duplex ultrasound to document the surgically reestablished patency of the carotid artery, and CT for exclusion of postoperative ischemic infarctions. Recent studies prove that diffusion-weighted MRI is more sensitive in the detection of fresh insults than conventional MRI and CT. The objective of the study was to ascertain the incidence of clinically asymptomatic peri-and postoperative ischemic infarctions visualized at MRI. METHOD: We included 52 patients in the study. Fifty-one patients (31 men, 20 women; average age 68 years) underwent cranial MR examination including a diffusion-weighted sequence at 24 h prior to carotid TEA and again 24 h following the procedure. One patient did not agree to participate. RESULTS: In 29 of 51 patients (56%), neither the pre-nor the postoperative MR scans showed any diffusion abnormalities. In 16 patients (31%), however, preoperative MRI detected fresh ischemic insults. In nine patients (17.6%), the size of the insult resulted in surgery being postponed for 4 weeks. In six patients (11.8%), postoperative MRI returned findings of fresh disturbances of diffusion suggestive of ischemia that were not visualized on preoperative scans. Discrete neurologic deficits were observed in only two (3.9%) of these patients. Deficits were transient and disappeared within 72 h. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore MRI's capacity for visualizing perioperative ischemic events. Moreover, MRI provides evidence of clinically asymptomatic embolisms that occur perioperatively.

Endograft treatment of anastomotic aneurysms following conventional open surgery for infrarenal aortic aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the use of endograft therapy for treating anastomotic aneurysm following open surgical repair of infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. METHODS: four male patients (age 47-75 years) at high surgical risk (ASA IV n=3, ASA III n=1) developed secondary aneurysms at the site of the central (four aneurysms) and additional peripheral (two aneurysms) anastomosis of their tube or bifurcation prosthesis an average of 13 years (range 1-23 years) after conventional open surgical correction of infrarenal aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. In two patients, there was covered rupture of the aneurysm sac. The aneurysm diameter was 4.8 cm, 8.0 cm, 7.4 cm, 7.0 cm, respectively (mean 6.8 cm). Follow-up included helical CT imaging at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: anastomotic aneurysm was successfully treated in all four cases. No evidence of endoleak was observed during the follow-up period. Two patients died 14 and 18 days after surgery due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident. The endovascular repair of the two patients who died was intact. CONCLUSION: although no long-term results are available, the use of a graft-in-graft method to repair anastomotic aneurysms following conventional implantation of tube or bifurcation prostheses appears to be effective, particularly in patients at high surgical risk.

FDG positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary focal lesions.

Positron emission tomography (PET) using fluoride-18-marked fluoride deoxyglucose (FDG) represents a metabolically based imaging technique capable of providing information on the potential malignancy of peripheral pulmonary focal lesions. In the present prospective study, we investigated the effectiveness of FDG-PET in determining the dignities of 67 such lesions in 35 patients. Findings of FDG-PET were compared with those of computed tomography (CT), as well as with surgical and histological reports, and the value of FDG-PET as a diagnostic method evaluated. FDG-PET correctly identified 38 lesions as positive for malignancy, 18 correctly as negative, 7 incorrectly as negative, and 4 incorrectly as positive. Based on lesions, this yields a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 81.8%. All malignant focal lesions with a diameter of over 1.2 cm were correctly identified (sensitivity: 100%). In cases of intense FDG uptake, differentiation between a primary lesion, a metastasis, and an acute inflammation is often not possible.

How useful is positron emission tomography for lymphnode staging in non-small-cell lung cancer?

UNLABELLED: The introduction of positron emission tomography (PET) raises the question of the new method's capabilities in the staging of mediastinal lymphnodes, since PET differentiates between metabolically active and inactive tissues. 80 patients with histologically confirmed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent PET scanning with 18-F-marked fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Extensive dissection of mediastinal lymphnodes (18-28 lymphnodes recovered) was performed in 78 cases. Metastasis to mediastinal lymphnodes were observed in 25 patients (N2: 22; N3: 3). RESULTS: Primary Tumor: FDG-PET showed significant enhancement of the primary tumor in 78 of 80 patients (sensitivity: 97%). Lymphnode Involvement: FDG-PET was positive in 23 of 25 patients with surgically confirmed lymphnode involvement (sensitivity: 92%). After a median follow up interval of 18 months, 11 patients with false positive lymphnode uptake were still alive; 10 of them showed no tumor recurrency. On the basis of these findings, enlarged mediastinal lymphnodes visualized at CT, but negative at FDG-PET are free of metastatic involvement with a sensitivity of 92%. FDG uptake of mediastinal lymphnodes at PET, however, should not be interpreted as proof of malignancy.