Oral Habits in Childhood and Occlusal Pathologies: A Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To analyse the relationship between the different habits that occur in childhood and the different malocclusions in the three planes of space. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical examination of 106 children between 5 and 12 years of age was carried out and a survey validated by professors of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Seville was made for the parents in order to identify the habits and relate them to the possible malocclusions detected in the child's mouth. RESULTS: 72.64% of the sample presented a malocclusion in at least one of the three planes of space, with a similar distribution. When correlating the variables, statistically significant relationships were observed in the vertical plane with atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and lip sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and in the horizontal plane with oral breathing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3), atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3) and digital sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: It has been observed that the prevalence and prolongation of habits in childhood is increasing, so it is essential to detect pernicious habits at an early age to prevent the establishment of malocclusions and to favour the correct craniofacial growth of the child.

Tratamiento con radioquimioterapia del cáncer de cuello uterino: resultados a largo plazo / Radiochemotherapy treatment of cervical cancer: long-term results

Introducción: la radioquimioterapia es una opción de tratamiento curativo del carcinoma de cérvix, particularmente en pacientes de medio hospitalario uruguayo cuyo diagnóstico se realiza en estadios localmente avanzados. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados terapéuticos y la toxicidad crónica de dicho tratamiento en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Método: se incluyeron 164 pacientes portadoras de carcinoma cérvico-uterino que completaron el tratamiento de radioquimioterapia entre junio de 2006 y noviembre de 2008. La radioterapia externa (RTE) consistió en irradiación pélvica (concomitante con cisplatino semanal) y braquiterapia (BT) útero-vaginal. Se calculó la dosis biológica efectiva para tumor, para recto y para vejiga. Se analizó la tasa de control locorregional y la sobrevida a cinco años, así como las complicaciones crónicas por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: la sobrevida global obtenida fue de 67% a cinco años, mostrando diferencias significativas entre el estadio II (78%) y el estadio III (49%) (Log-rank test, p = 0,0002). La tasa de complicaciones crónicas grado 3-4, según RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group), fue de 1,8% para las urinarias y 3,7% para las digestivas. El control local inicial fue de 89% y la persistencia lesional de 10,3%; recidiva locorregional (RL) en todo el período: 19,5%; metástasis con o sin RL: 10,3%. Conclusiones: se confirma en nuestro medio la eficacia terapéutica de la radioquimioterapia en cáncer de cérvix. La mayoría de las recidivas o persistencias fueron por falta de control locorregional luego del tratamiento inicial. El tratamiento fue bien tolerado, con bajo porcentaje de complicaciones crónicas, comparable con referencias internacionales.

Abstract Introduction: radiochemotherapy may be used to cure cervical cancer, particularly for patients treated in Uruguayan hospitals, whose diagnosis is made in locally advanced stages. The study aims to analyse therapy results and chronic toxicity of such treatment at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR). Method: 164 carriers of cervical-uterine cancer who completed the radiochemotherapy treatment between June 2006 and November 2008 were included in the study. External radiochemotherapy consisted in pelvic irradiation (in combination with weekly cisplatin) and uterus-vaginal brachytherapy. Effective biological doses for tumor were calculated, for the rectum and the bladder. Locoregional control rate and survival after 5 years, as well as chronic complications, were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: global five-year survival rate was 67%, there being significant differences between stage II (78%) and stage III (49%) (Log-rank test, p = 0.0002). According to RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) Grade 3/4 chronic complications rate was 1.8% for urinary complications and 3.7% for digestive complications. Initial local control was 89% and lesion persistence was 10.3%, locoregional recurrence (LR) throughout the period was 19.5%; metastases with and without LR was 10.3% Conclusions: therapeutic effectiveness of radiochemotherapy for to treat cervical cancer is confirmed in our context. In most cases recurrence or persistence resulted from lack of locoregional follow-up after initial treatment. Treatment was well tolerated, with low percentage of chronic complications, what is comparable to international literature.

Resumo Introdução: a radio-quimioterapia é uma opção de tratamento curativo do carcinoma de cérvix, particularmente em pacientes do meio hospitalar uruguaio cujo diagnóstico é feito em estádios localmente avançados. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os resultados terapêuticos e a toxicidade crônica deste tratamento no Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Método: foram incluídas 164 pacientes portadoras de carcinoma cérvico-uterino que completaram o tratamento de radio-quimioterapia no período junho de 2006 - novembro de 2008. A radioterapia externa (RTE) foi feita por irradiação pélvica (concomitante com cisplatina semanal) e braquiterapia (BT) útero-vaginal. A dose biológica efetiva para tumor, reto e bexiga foi calculada. A taxa de controle loco-regional e a sobrevida aos cinco anos foram calculadas e também as complicações crônicas utilizando o método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: a sobrevida global obtida foi de 67% aos cinco anos, mostrando diferenças significativas entre o estádio II (78%) e o estádio III (49%) (Log-rank test, p = 0,0002). A taxa de complicações crônicas graus 3-4, de acordo com a RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group), foi 1,8% para as urinarias e 3,7% para as digestivas. O controle local inicial foi de 89% e a persistência da lesão de 10,3%; recidiva loco-regional (RL) em todo o período: 19,5%; metástases com ou sem RL: 10,3%. Conclusões: a eficácia terapêutica da radioquimioterapia no câncer de cérvix no nosso meio foi confirmada. A maioria das recidivas ou persistências foi devida a falta de controle loco-regional depois do tratamento inicial. O tratamento foi bem tolerado, com baixa porcentagem de complicações crônicas, comparável a referências internacionais.

Lethal and mutagenic interactions between γ-rays, cisplatin and etoposide at the cellular and molecular levels.

PURPOSE: We analysed the lethal and mutagenic interactions between γ-rays, cisplatin (Pt) and etoposide (E), three agents used in tumour chemoradiotherapy. Corresponding results at cellular and molecular levels could provide additional elements on involved mechanisms and, on antitumour activity and toxicity in combined cancer treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC7K(lys2-3) (auxotrophic for lysine) was used as eukaryotic model. Exponential growing cells were exposed to the mentioned agents, as single and combined treatments. Lethal and mutation interaction equations were determined as a function of doses according to quantitative models. DNA double-strand breaks were evaluated immediately after treatments, through pulsed-field electrophoresis and laser densitometry. RESULTS: All three agents induced significant mutant frequency. The γ +Pt + E combination determined maximal lethal and mutagenic synergism, followed by γ + Pt and γ + E combinations. Meanwhile, Pt + E combination showed lethal additivity and very low mutagenic synergism. Pt + E double combination determined moderate DNA degradation. DNA degradation after γ-exposure, was similar to that of γ + Pt, γ + E and γ + Pt + E combinations. CONCLUSIONS: Synergistic lethal and mutagenic interactions indicate crosstalk between non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination and postreplicative repair pathways. Pt + E additivity indicate independence of involved repair pathways. Furthermore, the quantification of interactive events may be an additional suitable tool in tumour therapy planning.

Shear bond strength of a self-etching adhesive in primary and permanent dentition.

PURPOSE: To assess the shear bond strength obtained with a new self-etching adhesive material (Adper Prompt-L-Pop) compared with the total-etch technique and posterior application of an adhesive (Prime & Bond NT) in both primary and permanent teeth. METHODS: 28 human teeth were selected (14 primary and 14 permanent). The vestibular and lingual surfaces were prepared in dentin, followed by application of the adhesive materials (Adper Prompt-L-Pop and Prime & Bond NT), in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. Compomer and composite (Compoglass and TPH Spectrum) were used as filler materials. The samples were thermocycled (150 cycles), after which adhesion was assessed with an Autograph AGS machine. The type of fracture produced was evaluated using an Olympus SCZ-CTV microscope. The data were compared by triple-factor analysis of variance, statistically significant differences being considered for P< 0.01. RESULTS: The adhesion strength achieved with Prime & Bond NT involving both composite and compomer as restorative material was significantly greater than with Prompt-L-Pop. No differences were observed between the two dentitions.

New oral findings in Cohen syndrome.

Cohen syndrome is a hereditary disorder transmitted as an autosomal-recessive trait. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the genetic and pediatric literature. Despite the fact that oral alterations are often observed in these cases, only 1 work has been published addressing this specific topic, and it tended to concentrate on periodontal abnormalities. The present study details 2 new patients, 2 brothers (8 and 11 years old), and mainly consists of an analysis of the dentomaxillary anomalies that until now have not been studied in depth. In this study, the mandible, characterized as hypoplastic in Cohen syndrome, appears to be in a normal position; what really exists is a maxillary hyperplasia of genetic origin. We also put forward an observation hitherto undescribed in the literature: dental agenesis.

Marginal microleakage of two fissure sealants: a comparative study.

PURPOSE: An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate enamel marginal microleakage following acid etching of two fissure sealants of established clinical efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess sealant leakage following etching in combination with the use of latest-generation adhesives. METHODS: Clinicians removed 22 human premolars without caries for orthodontic reasons, stored them in distilled water, and sealed the occlusal surface. They used sealants Concise (3M) and Dyract seal (Dentsply DeTrey). They randomly distributed the premolars into two groups (N = 11) according to sealant used. The materials were manipulated according to the instructions of the manufacturer, and no invasive enamel preparing technique was used (enameloplasty). Staining was carried out with 2% fuchsin. The results were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test for the comparison of independent data samples. RESULTS: Concise sealant was seen to produce significantly greater marginal leakage than Dyract seal (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: The application of an adhesive layer beneath the sealant afforded less microleakage than when no adhesive was used. Nevertheless despite the possibility of combining adhesives and sealant resins, with good bonding between both components over the entire fissure interface, microleakage was still observed, regardless of the material used. This suggests that presently there is no material is able to secure total sealing of the space between the material used and the dental tissue.