Genetics and sleep bruxism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with twins.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature regarding the concordance of sleep bruxism (SB) between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. METHODS: The registration for this systematic review was accomplished in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, No. CRD42021251751). As of July 2022, four databases were searched, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, as well as the grey literature in Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Observational studies evaluating SB in MZ and DZ twins of any age and sex were included. For the evaluation of the risk of bias, the Joanna Briggs checklist was utilized. The certainty of evidence was assessed via the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Pooled and subgroup meta-analyses were performed to estimate concordance of SB ​​between twins (p < 0.05). RESULTS: In total, 3,155 records were identified. In the qualitative analysis, eleven studies were included; of these, seven were included in the meta-analysis. The majority of the articles exhibited a low risk of bias (63.6%). Greater SB concordance was observed between MZ twins than between DZ twins in the analysis of general concordance (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.07-2.02) and also positive concordance (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.29-1.81). Within the subgroup analyses, the significance of the findings remained only for the reported/self-reported SB regarding general concordance (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.07-1.95) and positive concordance (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.28-1.88). Low certainty of the evidence was observed for the general concordance analysis, while moderate certainty was observed for the positive concordance. CONCLUSION: There was a higher concordance of SB in MZ twins compared to DZ twins, indicating a possible genetic influence on the condition's occurrence.

Comparison between the ion-specific electrode and SPADNS methods for analysis of fluoride concentration in the water supply

The maintenance of adequate fluoride (F) concentration in the public water supply is fundamental for ensuring that the community use of F can reach the maximum benefit for caries control and minimum risk for dental fluorosis. Thus, surveillance systems must use accurate and valid analytical methods to determine F concentration and, according to the literature, give preference to the ion-specific electrode (F- ISE) analysis. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the ISE and SPADNS methods in the determination of the F concentration in the same water sample. Methods: Duplicate water samples were taken from 30 sampling sites in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná, monthly for 12 months, totaling 276 samples. An aliquot was analyzed by the FOP-UNICAMP Oral Biochemistry laboratory, using the F- ISE method, and the other one, by the SANEPAR laboratory in Maringá/PR, using the SPADNS method. Descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation test were applied, with a significant level of p<0.05. Results: Results were expressed as ppm F (mg F/L), and a very strong positive correlation (r= 0.91; p<0.001) was detected between the two methods of analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the determination of f luoride concentration in water can be made with accuracy by the SPADNS method, a standardized analysis protocol

CTZ and Calcium Hydroxide Pastes Did Not Cause Hepatic and Renal Alterations in Mice

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the possible renal and hepatic alteration by root canal filling pastes in mice. Material and Methods: Fifty-four mice were divided into nine groups and received one polyethylene tube implant containing two filling pastes (CTZ or calcium hydroxide pastes). Empty polyethylene tubes were used as a negative control. All tubes were implanted subcutaneously in the back of the mice. After time intervals of 7, 21, and 63 days, 1.5 mL of blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and serum samples were used for serological testing. Urea, creatinine, aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: When comparing CTZ and calcium hydroxide pastes and empty tubes and experimental time intervals, no significant differences in the results were found for any of the biochemical parameters analyzed (p>0.05). No differences were observed in the interactions (material*experimental time intervals) and the biochemical parameters analyzed (p>0.05). Conclusion: CTZ and calcium hydroxide pastes did not cause hepatic and renal alterations in mice, demonstrating the pastes' safety.

Early childhood caries management using fluoride varnish and neutral fluoride gel: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of varnish and neutral fluoride gel in the management of early childhood caries (ECC). A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare two strategies for ECC management: topical application of neutral fluoride gel (NFG group) and varnish (FV group) every four months for a period of one year. The sample consisted of children between the ages of three and four years, enrolled in public daycare centers. The incidence of ECC between the groups was compared by assessing values (new dmfs) at two levels: d2 when enamel/dentin were affected and d3 when dentin affected. Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's Exact, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the incidence and increment of caries between the NFG and FV groups (p<0.05). A total of 240 children were included in this study and 213 children (88.7%) were followed up for 12 months. The incidence of ECC was 24.1% in the GF and 21.0% in the FV groups (p=0.586). The increment of caries in d2mfs was 1.36 (95% CI = 0.83 - 1.89) in the NFG and 1.33 (95% CI = 0.75 - 1.89) in FV (p=0.756) groups. Increment of caries in d3mfs was 1.60 (95% CI = 0.95 - 2.25) in NFG and 1.40 (95% CI = 0.75 - 2.04) in FV (p=0.468). Neutral fluoride gel and fluoride varnish exhibited similar efficacy in the management of ECC after 12 months of follow-up.

Crianças e adolescentes quilombolas apresentam alta prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte / Quilombola children and adolescents show high prevalence of developmental defects of enamel

Resumo Dentes com defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte (DDE) apresentam porosidades e/ou irregularidades que os tornam suscetíveis a acúmulo de biofilme e predisposição à cárie e doenças periodontais. O objetivo deste artigo é determinar a prevalência de DDE e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes residentes em comunidade quilombola. A população foi censitária e composta por indivíduos na faixa etária de 3 a 14 anos. Os responsáveis responderam a questionário contendo dados socioeconômicos demográficos e histórico de agravos durante a gravidez e infância. Foi aplicado o Índice DDE modificado. Foram realizadas análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta (p<0,05). Foram examinados 406 indivíduos. A prevalência de DDE foi de 80,5%, sendo que em dentes decíduos foi de 42,2% e permanentes 61,1%. Houve associação entre DDE e maior idade da criança (RP=1,09; IC95%=1,01-1,17), uso de antibiótico na gravidez (RP=1,14; IC95%=1,07-1,22) e relato de desnutrição durante a primeira infância (RP=1,12; IC95%=1,03-1,22). A prevalência de DDE em crianças e adolecentes da comunidade quilombola foi alta. E os fatores associados foram maior idade da criança, uso de antibióticos na gravidez e desnutrição durante a primeira infância.

Abstract Teeth with developmental defects of enamel (DDE) have porous and/or uneven enamel, making them more susceptible to the build-up of oral biofilm and development of caries and periodontal diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of DDE and associated factors among children and adolescents living in a Quilombola community in the Northeast of Brazil. The study population was census-based and comprised individuals aged three to 14 years. The children's parents/guardians answered a questionnaire devised to collect information on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, health problems during pregnancy and illnesses during early childhood. DDE was diagnosed using the modified DDE index. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust standard errors (p<0.05). A total of 406 individuals were examined. DDE prevalence was 80.5%: 42.2% in deciduous teeth and 61.1% in permanent teeth. There was an association between presence of DDE and age (PR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.17), use of antibiotics during pregnancy (PR=1.14, 95% CI=1.07-1.22) and reported malnutrition during early childhood (PR=1.12; 95% CI=1.03-1.22). The findings reveal high prevalence of DDE among children and adolescents living in the Quilombola community. Associated factors were older age, use of antibiotics during pregnancy and malnutrition during early childhood.

Effect of fluoridated water on dental caries and fluorosis in schoolchildren who use fluoridated dentifrice

Abstract This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and severity of dental caries and fluorosis in children and adolescents using fluoridated toothpaste, from areas with and without fluoridated water. Parents of 5-year-old children and 12-year-old adolescents from neighbourhoods that are supplied with and without fluoridated water answered questionnaires for determining socio-economic and demographic characteristics and habits related to oral health. The individuals were examined, and dental caries and fluorosis were measured by dmft/DMFT and TF indexes, respectively. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Of 692 participants, 47.7% were 5-year-olds and 52.3% were 12-year-olds. The mean dmft/DMFT in the 5-year-olds/ 12-year-olds from Exposed and Not Exposed fluoridated water groups was 1.53 (± 2.47) and 3.54 (± 4.10) / 1.53 (± 1.81) and 3.54 (± 3.82), respectively. Children (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.71-4.75) and adolescents (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.24-3.05), who did not consume fluoridated water, had greater caries experience. Among adolescents, there was an association between fluoridated water and the prevalence of very mild/mild fluorosis (OR = 5.45, 95% CI: 3.23-9.19) and moderate fluorosis (OR = 11.11, 95% CI = 4.43-27.87). Children and adolescents, who consumed fluoridated water, presented lower prevalence and severity of dental caries compared to those who used only fluoridated toothpaste as the source of fluoride. There is an association between water fluoridation and very mild/mild and moderate fluorosis in adolescents.

Resumo Este estudo transversal avaliou a prevalência e severidade de cárie dentária e fluorose em crianças de 5 anos e adolescentes de 12 anos usuários de dentifrício fluoretado, em áreas com e sem água fluoretada. Os responsáveis pelas crianças e adolescentes responderam questionários para determinação de características socioeconômicas e demográficas e hábitos relacionados à saúde. Os indivíduos foram examinados e a cárie e a fluorose foram mensuradas pelos índices ceo-d / CPOD e TF, respectivamente. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, bivariadas e de regressão logística (p <0,05). Dos 692 participantes, 47,7% tinham 5 anos e 52,3% tinham 12 anos. A média de ceod / CPOD em crianças de 5/12 anos dos grupos de exposto e não exposto à água fluoretada foi 1,53 (± 2,47) e 3,54 (± 4,10) / 1,53 (± 1,81) e 3,54 (± 3,82), respectivamente. Crianças (OR = 2,86, IC 95% = 1,71-4,75) e adolescentes (OR = 1,95, IC 95% = 1,24-3,05) que não consumiram água fluoretada tiveram maior experiência de cárie. Entre os adolescentes, houve associação entre a água fluoretada e a prevalência de fluorose muito leve / leve (OR = 5,45, IC 95%: 3,23-9,19) e fluorose moderada (OR = 11,11, IC 95% = 4,43-27,87). Crianças e adolescentes que consumiram água fluoretada apresentaram menor prevalência e severidade de cárie dentária em comparação com aqueles que usaram apenas dentifrício fluoretado como fonte de flúor. Houve uma associação entre a fluoretação da água e fluorose muito leve / leve e moderada em adolescentes.

Câncer bucal: voz e qualidade de vida pós mutilação / Oral cancer: voice and quality of life after mutilation / Cáncer oral: voz y calidad de vida después de la mutilación

Objetivo: investigar o impacto da deformidade bucal oncológica na comunicação oral e na qualidade de vida de adultos e idosos. Métodos: estudo observacional descritivo, transversal, com abordagem mista. Amostra de 41 pacientes, submetidos à cirurgia para retirada do câncer bucal, resultando em mutilação e inteligibilidade verbal. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico; Índice de Desvantagem Vocal; Questionário Qualidade de Vida da Universidade de Washington; Roteiro Semiestruturado para análise no software Iramuteq®.Resultado: a mutilação predominou em região de palato. Avaliação vocal mostrou o sexo masculino com pior qualidade de vida, expressivamente escala Social, enquanto, o feminino, escala Física. A análise lexical mostrou necessidades, frustrações e expectativas. Conclusão: o estudo revelou a vergonha, o medo, o isolamento social e, ao mesmo tempo, a esperança de voltar a, pelo menos, poder falar e ser compreendido pelas outras pessoas através do uso da prótese

Objective: to investigate the impact of oral cancer deformity on oral communication and the quality of life of adults and the elderly. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional observational study with a mixed approach. Sample of 41 patients undergoing surgery to remove oral cancer, resulting in mutilation and verbal intelligibility. Instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire; Voice Handicap Index; University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire; Semi-structured script for analysis in the Iramuteq® software. Result: mutilation predominated in the palate region. Vocal assessment showed the male sex with worse quality of life, significantly on the Social scale, while the female, Physical scale. Lexical analysis showed needs, frustrations and expectations. Conclusion:the study revealed shame, fear, social isolation and, at the same time, the hope of returning to at least being able to talk and be understood by other people through the use of the prosthesis

Objetivo: investigar el impacto de la deformidad del cáncer oral en la comunicación oral y la calidad de vida de adultos y ancianos. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal con enfoque mixto. Muestra de 41 pacientes sometidos a cirugía para extirpar el cáncer oral, lo que resulta en mutilación e inteligibilidad verbal. Instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico; Índice de discapacidad de voz; Cuestionario de calidad de vida de la Universidad de Washington; Guión semiestructurado para análisis en el software Iramuteq®. Resultado: la mutilación predominó en la región del paladar. La evaluación vocal mostró el sexo masculino con peor calidad de vida, significativamente en la escala social, mientras que la hembra, la escala física. El análisis léxico mostró necesidades, frustraciones y expectativas. Conclusión: el estudio reveló vergüenza, miedo, aislamiento social y, al mismo tiempo, la esperanza de volver al menos a poder hablar y ser entendido por otras personas mediante el uso de la prótesis

Topography of Primary Molar Pulp Chamber Floor: A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine in vitro the frequency, shape, type, diameter, and patency of accessory canals in the primary molars pulp chamber floor. Material and Methods: Sixteen healthy primary molars were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Descriptive analyses of the frequency, shape (round, oval, or irregular), type (blind, true, or hidden), patency and diameter of the accessory canals were performed. Results: Half of the teeth presented accessory canals, 62.5% of which were located in the upper molars and 37.5% in the lower molars. The most frequent shape was irregular. In three-dimensional analysis, blind accessory canals (12.5%) and with patency (18.7%) of the teeth were observed. The average accessory canal diameter was 51.97 µm (± 26.03 µm). Conclusion: Upper molars showed a higher frequency of accessory canals with larger diameters. The irregular shape was the most frequent. 18.7% of accessory channels showed patency.

Prognostic factors and long-term survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cross-sectional study / Fatores prognósticos e sobrevida a longo prazo em carcinoma espinocelular bucal: um estudo transversal

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in an economically poor region of Brazil. Methods: the data were obtained from analysis of medical and mortality records of 210 patients with OSCC treated at an oncology hospital providing services to the Brazilian Unified National Health System in a State of northeastern Brazil between January 2006 and December 2008. Sociodemographic and clinical information, treatment performed, recurrence and evolution were collected. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank and Cox regression tests were used to compare the curves. Results: the median survival in the study period was 47.4 months (95% CI = 38.2 - 56.7). The overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 29% and 19.8%, respectivelly. Individuals over 60 years of age (HR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.06 - 2.73), presence of regional metastasis (HR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.55 - 4.08), presence of recurrence (HR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.88 - 5.39) and no surgical treatment (HR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.31 - 3.35) had a worse prognosis. Conclusions: advanced age, presence of regional metastasis, tumor recurrence and non-surgical treatment predict poorer survival in patients diagnosed with OSCC.

Objetivo: este estudo objetivou avaliar a sobrevida a longo prazo e fatores prognósticos de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular bucal em uma região pouco desenvolvida economicamente do Brasil. Métodos: os dados foram obtidos a partir da análise de registros médicos de 210 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular bucal tratados em um hospital especializado em oncologia que presta serviços ao Sistema Único de Saúde em um estado do Nordeste brasileiro entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2008. Informações clínicas, sociodemográficas e referentes aos tratamentos realizados, recidivas e evoluções foram coletadas. As curvas de sobrevida foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier, sendo utilizado o teste de Log-rank para comparar as curvas. Resultados: a sobrevida média no estudo foi de 47.4 meses (95% IC = 38.2 - 56.7). As taxas de sobrevida global em 5 e 10 anos foram de 29% e 19.8%, respectivamente. Indivíduos com idade superior a 60 anos (RR = 1.70; 95% IC = 1.06 - 2.73), que apresentaram metástases regionais (RR = 2.51; 95% IC = 1.55 - 4.08), recidivas tumorais (RR = 3.18; 95% IC = 1.88 - 5.39) e que foram tratados apenas não cirurgicamente (RR = 2.10; 95% IC = 1.31 - 3.35) tiveram pior prognóstico. Conclusões: idade avançada, presença de metástases regionais, recidivas tumorais e tratamento apenas não cirúrgico foram preditores de pior sobrevida em pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma espinocelular bucal.

Dentin Thickness of Pulp Chamber Floor in Primary Molars: Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT Objective: Use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to evaluate the dentin thickness of the pulp chamber floor in primary molars. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted with CBCT images of teeth of children. Primary molars with preserved pulp chamber floor were included. The dentin thickness of the pulp chamber floor in the primary molars was measured linearly in CBCT cross-sections. Data were descriptively analyzed and the Mann-Whitney test was applied (p<0.05). Results: 27 CBCT exams and 123 primary molars of children aged 4 to 13 years were analyzed; the majority was female (52.0%). In maxillary molars, the median dentin thickness was 1.50 (0.6-2.2) mm in the first and 1.65 (0.6-2.3) mm in the second (p=0.049) molars. In mandibular molars, the median was 1.20 (0.3-1.7) mm in the first and 1.60 (1.0-2.2) mm in the second (p<0.001) molars. Children aged 4 to 8 years showed less dentin thickness (p<0.001). Conclusion: The median dentin thickness of the pulp chamber floor in primary molars was 1.50 mm, ranging from 0.3 to 2.3 mm. Less dentin thickness was associated with younger children, teeth in the mandibular arch, and first molars.

Timing of sugar introduction in diet and early childhood caries: a population-based study in preschoolers / Momento de introdução de açúcar na dieta e cárie na primeira infância: um estudo de base populacional em pré-escolares

Abstract Introduction Sugar ingestion is the most important isolated factor related to dental caries. Contact with sugary foods at an early age may represent a risk to the oral health of preschool children. Objective To evaluate the timing of the introduction of sugar in the diet of preschoolers and its association with early childhood caries. Material and method Cross-sectional population-based study with 888 five-year-old preschoolers from public and private schools. Parents answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, eating habits and oral health. The variables timing of sugar introduction (>1 year and ≤1 year) and dental caries experience were dichotomized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression (p<0.05). Result The introduction of sugar in the diet occurred during the first twelve months of life for 73.8% of preschoolers. There was no association between the timing of sugar introduction and early childhood caries (p>0.05). The interruption of exclusive breastfeeding and low family income increased the prevalence of preschoolers having early contact with sugar by 32% and 23%, respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence of early childhood caries was 42.3% and was associated with a lower level of maternal education, low income, increased frequency of ingestion of candy and the use of nonfluoridated toothpaste (p<0.05). Conclusion The introduction of sugar in the diet occurred during the first year of life in most preschoolers and there was no association with early childhood caries.

Resumo Introdução A ingestão de açúcar é um importante fator relacionado à cárie dentária. O contato com alimentos açucarados em idade precoce pode representar risco para a saúde bucal de crianças em idade pré-escolar. Objetivo Avaliar o momento de introdução do açúcar na dieta de pré-escolares e sua associação com a cárie na primeira infância. Material e método Estudo transversal de base populacional com 888 pré-escolares de cinco anos de escolas públicas e privadas. Os pais responderam questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, hábitos alimentares e saúde bucal. As variáveis ​​tempo de introdução do açúcar (> 1 ano e ≤1 ano) e experiência de cárie dentária foram dicotomizadas e os dados foram analisados ​​por meio de estatística descritiva e regressão de Poisson (p <0,05). Resultado A introdução do açúcar na dieta ocorreu nos primeiros doze meses de vida para 73,8% dos pré-escolares. Não houve associação entre o momento de introdução do açúcar e a cárie na primeira infância (p> 0,05). A interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo e a baixa renda familiar aumentaram a prevalência de pré-escolares com contato precoce com açúcar em 32% e 23%, respectivamente (p <0,05). A prevalência de cárie na primeira infância foi de 42,3% e esteve associada à menor escolaridade materna, baixa renda, maior frequência de ingestão de doces e uso de dentifrício não fluoretado (p <0,05). Conclusão A introdução de açúcar na dieta ocorreu durante o primeiro ano de vida na maioria dos pré-escolares e não houve associação com cárie na primeira infância.

Inserção no mercado de trabalho de egressos de um curso de Odontologia do Piauí / Insertion of graduates of a Dentistry course in Piauí in the job market

As transformações e dificuldades que permeiam o mercado de trabalho odontológico despertam questões sobre a inserçãodos cirurgiões-dentistas e sua formação diante do exercício profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inserção de egressos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo transversal de caráter quantitativo, um questionário online autoaplicável foi enviado a 76 cirurgiões-dentistas formados entre 2017 e 2018, abordandodados sociodemográficos,investimento em pós-graduação e ingresso no mercado de trabalho.Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados.A taxa de resposta foi de 92,1%. A maioria dos egressos(88,6%)possuíaou cursavaalgum tipo de pós-graduação, principalmente nas áreas de Cirurgia, Endodontia e Ortodontia. Quanto ao ingresso no mercado, apenas 4,3% nunca exerceram a profissãoe 75,7% se inseriram em até 3meses de formados. Os cirurgiões-dentistas estão divididos de forma equiparável entre os setores público e privado, possuem em sua maioria jornadas de até 40 horas (75,4%) e renda mensal de até 5 salários mínimos (91,3%). Apenas 11,4% nãoestão satisfeitos com a profissão escolhida e 40% julgam o mercado como regular. Entre as dificuldades relatadas no início da profissão, as mais citadas foram baixa remuneração (82,1%) e insegurança na prática clínica (70,1%). Como sugestão para o curso de graduação, indicaram a abordagem de Administração, Marketing e Empreendedorismo. Observou-se que o mercado proporcionou oportunidades para uma inserção rápida, no entanto, com redução do exercício estritamente autônomo. Os egressos valorizam a pós-graduação e apesar das dificuldades, estão satisfeitos com a profissão (AU).

Existent transformations and complexities within dental labor market raise doubts about dentists' inclusion in professional practice, and their training. This research, therefore, aimed to evaluate the entry of Federal University of Piauí dentistry course graduates into the labor-market. This cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted by sending an online auto-questionnaire to 76 dentists, graduated between 2017 and 2018, addressing sociodemographic data, postgraduate studies and entry into the labor market, receiving response-rate of 92.1%. Descriptive data analysis performed showed the majority of graduates (88.6%) had or were taking a postgraduate course, mainly in Surgery, Endodontics and Orthodontics. Relative to market entry, 4.3% had never practiced the profession, and 75.7% entered within 3 months after graduation. Dentists were equally divided between public and private sectors, primarily working 40 hours/week (75.4%), earning monthly income of up to 5 minimum salaries (91.3%). Only 11.4% were not satisfied with the chosen profession, and 40% judged the level of market difficulty was intermediate. Among the difficulties reported at the beginning of the profession, the majority of dentists cited the low salaries (82.1%) and insecurity in clinical practice (70.1%). As a suggestion for the undergraduate course, they indicated that they could focus on Administration, Marketing and Entrepreneurship. The market was observed to provide opportunities for rapid inclusion, however with a reduction in exercising the profession in a strictly independent manner. Graduates placed value on postgraduate studies, and despite difficulties, they were satisfied with the profession (AU).

Impacto da cárie dentária na qualidade de vida de pré-escolares mensurado pelo questionário PedsQL / Impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschoolers measured by PedsQL questionnaire

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o impacto da cárie dentária na qualidade de vida de pré-escolares. A população foi constituída por pré-escolares com idade de 5 anos, matriculados em instituições públicas e privadas de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Instrumento de qualidade de vida validado para população brasileira (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQL™) foi aplicado para as crianças e responsáveis, além de questionário socioeconômico-demográfico para os responsáveis. No exame dentário o índice ceod foi utilizado para avaliar a experiência de cárie. Das 566 crianças examinadas, 50,2% apresentaram experiência de cárie. Foi observada associação entre experiência de cárie e pior qualidade de vida no domínio de saúde bucal na percepção das crianças (RR= 0,981; IC95% = 0,97-0,99) e dos pais (RR= 0,955; IC95% = 0,94-0,97). De acordo com a percepção das crianças, cárie em dentes posteriores foi associada a pior qualidade de vida no domínio capacidade física (RR= 0,985; IC95% = 0,97-0,99). Concluiu-se que experiência de cárie impactou negativamente na QVRSB (qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal) no domínio saúde bucal da criança de acordo com a percepção das crianças e dos pais. Cárie localizada em molares impactou negativamente na QVRSB no domínio capacidade física segundo a percepção das crianças.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschool children. The population was made up of preschoolers aged 5 years, enrolled in public and private institutions of Teresina, PI, Brazil. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) was applied to children and caregivers, as well as a socioeconomic-demographic questionnaire for those responsible. In the dental examination the ceod index was used to evaluate the caries experience. Of the 566 children examined, 50.2% presented with caries experience. It was observed an association between caries experience and poorer quality of life in the oral health domain in the children's perception (RR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99) and parents (RR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0, 94-0.97). According to the children's perception, caries in the posterior teeth was associated with poorer quality of life in the physical capacity domain (RR = 0.985, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). It was concluded that caries experience had a negative impact on the OHRQoL (oral health-related quality of life) in children's oral health according to the perception of children and parents. Caries located in molars had a negative impact on HRQoL in the physical ability domain according to the children's perception.

Análise topográfica da relação de terceiros molares inferiores com os canais mandibulares através de tomografias computadorizadas / Topographic analysis of the relationship of lower third molars with the mandibular canal through computerized tomographies / Análisis topográfico de la relación de terceros molares inferiores con los canales mandibulares por medio de tomografías computadorizadas

Resumo Introdução e Objetivo: Os canais mandibulares são estruturas anatômicas que se estendem desde o forame mandibular até o forame mentoniano e em seu interior localizam-se o nervo, artéria e veia alveolar inferior. Verificar a topografia anatômica de terceiros molares em relação aos seus respectivos canais mandibulares através de Tomografias Computadorizadas de um banco de dados. Materiais e métodos: Exames de 48 pacientes com terceiros molares bilaterais foram obtidos por um aparelho de Tomografia Computadorizada Helicoidal Multislice, General Eletric® do banco de dados de uma clínica privada de Teresina-PI e analisados. Resultados: Para os terceiros molares inclusos, a distância nula em relação ao canal mandibular foi a mais prevalente (59,68%), enquanto que a posição das raízes apresentou-se na maioria dos casos superior (53,13%) e vestibular (45,3%) em relação ao canal mandibular. Este se encontrava geralmente próximo à cortical lingual (79,17%). Conclusão: Houve maior prevalência de distância nula dos ápices radiculares ao canal quando os terceiros molares encontravam-se inclusos (maioria mesioangulados) e, superior ao canal quando estavam erupcionados. No sentido vertical, os ápices radiculares encontravam-se mais frequentemente na posição superior ao canal. Já no aspecto horizontal, os ápices radiculares estavam mais vestibulares ao canal mandibular. E este se encontrava frequentemente próximo à cortical lingual.

Abstract Introduction and objective: The mandibular canals are anatomical structures that extend from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, and the interior of the mandibular canal is located the nerve, artery and inferior alveolar vein. To verify the anatomical topography of third molars in relation to their respective mandibular channels through Computerized Tomography of a database. Materials and methods: 48 patients with bilateral third molars were obtained by a Helicoidal Multislice Computed Tomography, General Eletric® from the database of a private clinic in Teresina-PI and analyzed. Results: For the third molars included, the null distance in relation to the mandibular canal was the most prevalent (59.68%), while the position of the roots presented in most cases superior (53.13%) and vestibular (45.3%) in relation to the mandibular canal. This was generally close to the lingual cortical (79.17%). Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of null distance from the root apexes to the canal when third molars were included (most mesioangulated) and superior to the canal when they were erupted. In the vertical direction, the root apexes were more often in the position superior to the canal. In the horizontal aspect, the root apices were more vestibular to the mandibular canal. And this was often close to the lingual cortical.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivo: Los canales mandibulares son estructuras anatómicas que se extienden desde el foramen mandibular hasta el foramen mentoniano y en su interior se encuentra el nervio, arteria y vena alveolar inferior. Verificar la topografía anatómica de terceros molares con relación a sus respectivos canales mandibulares por medio de Tomografías Computadorizadas de un banco de datos. Materiales y métodos: Exámenes de 48 pacientes con terceros molares biltaerales fueron obtenidos y analizados por un tomógrafo Helicoidal Multislice, General Electric® del banco de datos una clínica particular de Teresina-PI. Resultados: Para los terceros molares incluidos, la distancia nula con relación al canal mandibular fue la más prevalente (59,68&), mientras que la posición de las raíces se presentó en la mayoría de los casos superior (53,13%) y vestibular (45,3%) con relación al canal mandibular. Este se encontraba generalmente próximo a la cortical lingual (79,17%). Conclusión: Hubo mayor prevalencia de distancia nula de los ápices radiculares al canal cuando los terceros molares estaban incluidos (mayoría mesioangulados) y superior al canal cuando estaban erupcionados. En el sentido vertical, los ápices radiculares se encontraron frecuentemente superior al canal. En el sentido horizontal, los ápices radiculares estaban más vestibulares al canal mandibular. Este se encontraba próximo a la cortical lingual.

Does low-cost GIC have the same survival rate as high-viscosity GIC in atraumatic restorative treatments? A RCT

Abstract Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is one of the strategies used to control dental caries; it involves hand instruments for removal of carious tissue, and restorations using high-viscosity Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC). The present controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the performance of low-cost GIC indicated for ART in primary teeth, compared with high-viscosity GIC, after one year of follow-up. Two-to six-year-old children with dentin caries lesions on one or two surfaces of anterior and posterior teeth were selected. The children were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to the restorative material used: G1 (control) - Ketac Molar®; G2 (experimental) - Vitro Molar®. Treatments were performed in a school setting, following the guidelines of the ART. A total of 728 restorations were performed in 243 children. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression were applied, with a significance level of p < 0.05. After 12 months, 559 (76.8%) restorations were re-evaluated. The success rate was evaluated by the prevalence ratio (PR), associated with restorations performed in primary second molars (PR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.03-1.42), and with small (PR = 1.35; 95%CI = 1.14-1.60) or medium cavities (PR = 1.29; 95%CI = 1.08-1.55), using Ketac Molar® material (PR= 1.07; 95%CI = 1.01-1.15), considering p < 0.05. Small or medium restorations in primary second molars performed with high-viscosity GIC (Ketac Molar®) were more successful than restorations performed with low-cost GIC indicated for ART.

Avaliação do tratamento restaurador atraumático na estratégia saúde da família de Teresina, Piauí / Evaluation of the atraumatic restorative treatment in the family health strategy of Teresina, Piauí

Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) é uma abordagem contemporâneapara o controle da cárie dentária na qual a remoção do tecidocariado é realizada com instrumentos manuais e o dente restauradocom cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) de alta viscosidade. Talvezpor desconhecimento, muitos profissionais questionam a efetividade datécnica e o fato do procedimento restaurador ser considerado definitivo.Objetivos: (1) Avaliar o conhecimento e a conduta dos cirurgiões-dentistas(CD) que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre o uso do ART;(2) Capacitar os CD para realizar o ART no âmbito da saúde da família; (3)Avaliar o desempenho clinico de um CIV convencional indicado para ARTem dentes decíduos e (4) Avaliar o alcance da técnica ART na resoluçãodas necessidades restauradoras de pré-escolares. Métodos: Pesquisa foidesenvolvida em duas fases: 1ª Pesquisa transversal com todos os CD dazona urbana de Teresina, Piauí. 2ª. Ensaio clínico controlado realizado empré-escolares de creches municipais. Resultados: 1ª. fase: O conhecimentodos profissionais sobre ART foi mensurado e a maioria apresenta informaçõescorretas. O nível de conhecimento teve associação significativa coma faixa etária (p=0,0005) e tempo de formado (p=0,0112). Os CD foramtreinados para execução do ART em seis oficinas teórico-práticas. 2ª. fase:dados enviados para publicação. Conclusões: A maioria dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas da ESF de Teresina, Piauí possui bom conhecimento e condutapositiva em relação ao ART, mas necessita de aprimoramento com relaçãoà técnica e sua correta indicação

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is a contemporary approachfor the control of dental caries. It consists of the removal of the carioustissue with manual instruments and the tooth is restored with high viscosityglass ionomer cement (GIC). Many clinicians are skeptical aboutthe effectiveness of the technique and about the fact that the restorativeprocedure is not considered definitive. Objectives: (1) To assess theknowledge and conduct of dentists (DS) who work in the Family HealthStrategy (FHS) regarding the use of ART; (3) To evaluate the clinicalperformance of a conventional GIC recommended for ART in deciduousteeth and (4) To evaluate the scope of the ART technique in the resolutionof the restorative needs of pre-schools children, Methods: The studywas developed in two phases: 1st Cross-sectional survey with all DS ofthe urban area of Teresina, Piauí. 2ª. Controlled clinical trial performedin pre-school children at municipal daycare centers. Results: 1st. phase:Most clinicians had correct knowledge about the ART. The level ofknowledge had a significant association with age (p=0,0005) and yearsof graduation (p=0,0112). The DS were trained to perform the ART in sixtheoretical-practical workshops. 2nd phase: data submitted for publication.Conclusions: Most DS at the FHS in Teresina have good knowledgeand positive behavior regarding ART. The technique used needs to beimproved and correctly indicated(AU)

Provável bruxismo do sono em escolares: prevalência, fatores associados e impacto na qualidade de vida / Probable sleep bruxism in schoolchildren: prevalence, associated factors and impact on the quality of life

Bruxismo do sono (BS) é uma atividade repetitiva da musculatura mandibular caracterizado por ranger ou apertar dos dentes durante o sono. Esse distúrbio do movimento pode ser influenciado por fatores psicossociais e ambientais. Dados sobre sua associação com a qualidade de vida em crianças são escassos. Diante disso, foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência, identificar os fatores associados e avaliar a associação entre o provável bruxismo do sono (PBS) e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de escolares. Participaram do estudo 1.053 escolares, de 8 a 10 anos de idade, matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas de Teresina, PI, Brasil, e seus pais/responsáveis. O diagnóstico do PBS foi baseado no critério do consenso internacional (relato dos pais/responsáveis associado ao exame clínico). Os pais/responsáveis responderam um formulário sobre aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos, condições gerais e de saúde e autorrelato de possível bruxismo do sono no responsável, e a versão brasileira curta do Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). Os escolares responderam a versão brasileira do questionário Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) e foram examinados clinicamente, na própria escola, por uma única examinadora treinada e calibrada (kappa >_0,80). Foram avaliadas as condições bucais: desgaste dentário, experiência de cárie dentária (índices ceo-d/CPO-D), má oclusão (Dental Aesthetic Index - DAI) e traumatismo dentário (Classificação de Andreasen), como possíveis variáveis confundidoras. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão de Poisson bivariada e multivariada com variância robusta (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência do PBS nos escolares foi de 28%. Padrão respiratório bucal, uso de estímulos luminosos e sonoros ao dormir, responsável ter possível bruxismo do sono foram associados ao PBS nos escolares (p<0,001). Na percepção dos escolares, o PBS foi associado ao maior impacto negativo na QVRSB nos domínios limitação funcional (RR = 1,174; IC95% = 1,03 - 1,34) e bem-estar social (RR = 1,211; IC95% = 1,01 - 1,46) e escore total do CPQ8-10 (RR = 1,131; IC 95% = 1,01 - 1,27). Na percepção dos pais/responsáveis, o maior impacto negativo na QVRSB foi associado com presença do PBS no filho, nos três domínios do P-CPQ: sintomas orais (RR = 1,331; IC95% = 1,14 - 1,55), limitação funcional (RR = 1,916; IC95% = 1,66 - 2,21) e bem-estar (RR = 1,485; IC95% = 1,25 - 1,79), e no escore total do P-CPQ (RR = 1,513; IC 95% = 1,34 - 1,71). Conclui-se que a prevalência do PBS foi relevante. A ocorrência dessa desordem foi associada padrão respiratório bucal, uso de estímulos luminosos e sonoros ao dormir, responsável ter possível bruxismo do sono. O PBS nos escolares está associado com maior impacto negativo na QVRSB autorrelatada e na percepção dos pais/responsáveis

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive of the mandibular musculature characterized by grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep. This movement disorder can be influenced by psychosocial and environmental factors. Data regarding its association with quality of life in children are scarpe. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted to determine prevalence, to identify associated factors, and to evaluate the assiciation between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of schoolchildren. A total of 1,053 schoolchildrem, 8 to 10 years of age, enrolled in public and private schools in Terezina, PI, Brazil, and theirparents/guardians participated in the study....

Nível de satisfação dos pais/responsáveis de crianças atendidas em programa odontológico de atenção materno-infantil / Satisfaction level of parents of children in a dental program of maternal child attention

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de satisfação dos pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças atendidas em programa odontológico deatenção materno-infantil e implantar um sistema permanente de avaliação simplificada das ações desenvolvidas.Metodologia: estudo transversal quantitativo, desenvolvido no Instituto de Perinatologia Social do Piauí onde funciona oPrograma Preventivo para Gestantes e Bebês (PPGB). Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário estruturadoauto administrado e uma escala visual simplificada que continha questões relativas à percepção dos mesmos logo após oatendimento. Foram aplicados 569 questionários no período de março a outubro de 2014. Foi realizada a análisedescritiva das variáveis categóricas. Resultados: os itens acolhimento, ambiente, atendimento, importância doatendimento e localização do programa tiveram aprovação “ótimo” e “bom” entre 91% e 97,7% no questionário, enquantona escala visual os valores ficaram entre 76,6% e 98,8% de satisfação. A localização obteve o menor índice de satisfaçãotanto no questionário como na escala visual. Conclusão: o Programa Preventivo para Gestantes e Bebês foi bem avaliadopor pais e/ou responsáveis pelas crianças atendidas e a implantação de um sistema permanente de avaliação simplificadadas ações desenvolvidas é viável e de fácil aplicação.

Objective: evaluating the level of satisfaction of the parents and/or caregivers of children attending a dental program formaternal and child care and establishing a permanent system of simplified evaluation of the actions developed.Methodology: a quantitative cross-sectional study, developed at the Institute of Social Perinatology of Piauí where thePreventive Program for Pregnant Women and Babies (PPGB) works. The data were collected through a structured selfadministeredquestionnaire and a simplified visual scale that contained questions regarding their perception soon after thecare. A total of 569 questionnaires were applied from March to October 2014. A descriptive analysis of the categoricalvariables was performed. Results: the items welcoming, ambience, attendance, importance of attendance and location ofthe program had "excellent" and "good" approval between 91% and 97.7% in the questionnaire, whereas in the visual scalethe values were between 76.6% and 98.8% satisfaction. The location obtained the lowest index of satisfaction in both thequestionnaire and the visual scale. Conclusion: the Preventive Program for Pregnant Women and Babies was wellevaluated by parents and/or caregivers of children and the implementation of a permanent system of simplifiedevaluation of actions developed is feasible and easy to apply.

Factors Associated with Early Weaning According to the Report of Mothers in a Child Friendly Hospital Initiative

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with early weaning according to the report of mothers in a Child Friendly Hospital Initiative. Material and Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study with a sample of 252 mother/child binomials, participants in a maternal and childcare program, in a Child Friendly Hospital Initiative in Teresina, Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument, administered to the mothers in individual interviews, with questions about socioeconomic conditions, breastfeeding, period, reason and way of weaning; and non-nutritive sucking habits. Early weaning was considered when the supply of breast milk was interrupted before the six months of life. For data analysis, descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed (Pearson's Chi-Square Test and Fisher's Exact Test), with a level of significance of 5%. Results: The prevalence of early weaning was 11.9%. The reasons given for interrupting breastfeeding by the mothers were: 23,% attributions of the mother; 46.% attributions of the infant; 23.3 % organic deficiency of the mother; 6.7% influence of others; and 4.8% of the mothers were still breastfeeding. The finger and/or pacifier sucking habits (p=0.002), and the use of a bottle (p=0.003) were associated with early weaning. A significant association between the total weaning period and the socioeconomic variables was not observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of early weaning was low. The main factors were related to "infant attributions", associated to children with non-nutritive sucking habits, bottle use, first tooth erupted with less than 6 months and whose mothers had formal employment.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças com bruxismo do sono / Quality of life related to oral health of children with sleep bruxism

Bruxismo é um hábito parafuncional provocado por atividades musculares repetitivas e caracterizado pelo apertamento ou ranger de dentes. Pode ocorrer durante o sono, bruxismo do sono (BS) ou durante a vigília, bruxismo diurno. Poucos estudos avaliaram o impacto dessa condição na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos e de seus familiares. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto do BS na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças de acordo com a percepção de seus pais/responsáveis. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal com amostra composta por pais/responsáveis de crianças na faixa etária de 2 a 5 anos, atendidas na Clínica Odontológica Infantil da UFPI. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação do formulário socioeconômico e do questionário de qualidade de vida Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). A presença de BS foi considerada pelo relato dos pais/responsáveis. Para análise estatística adotou-se análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson com nível de significância p < 0,05. A prevalência do bruxismo do sono nas crianças foi de 33,0%. O impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal da criança foi associado ao bruxismo do sono (RP = 1,238; IC 95%: 1,055­1,452). O bruxismo do sono teve impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal das crianças na percepção de pais/responsáveis.(AU)

Bruxism is a parafunctional habit caused by repetitive muscle activity and characterized by clenching or gnashing of teeth. It may occur during sleep, sleep bruxism (BS) or during waking hours, daytime bruxism. Few studies have evaluated the impact of health on quality of life for individuals and their families. This study aimed at assessing the BS impact on quality of life related to oral health of children in accordance with the perception of their parents/guardians. This cross-sectional observational study with a sample of parents/guardians of children aged 2- 5 years attending the Children's Dental Clinic of the Federal University of Piauí. Data collection was performed by applying the socio-economic form and the quality of life questionnaire Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). The presence of BS was considered the report of the parent/guardian. For the statistical analysis was adopted the descriptive analysis and Poisson regression with significance level of p < 0.05. The prevalence of sleep bruxism in children was 33.0%. The negative impact on quality of life related to oral health of children was associated with sleep bruxism (RP = 1.238; IC 95% : 1,055-1,452). Sleep bruxism had a negative impact on quality of life related to oral health of children in the perception of parents/guardians. (AU)