RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Describing the general aspects of American tegumentary leishmaniasis enables the identification of the epidemiological scenario of the disease and the development of preventive actions. METHODS: We analyzed the records of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in north Paraná between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS: We identified 108 cases (mostly in 2014) with the following characteristics: male individuals, rural workers, and ages averaging 56.8 years. Isolated ulcerated lesions were predominant, and Glucantime® was the most frequently used drug. CONCLUSIONS: American tegumentary leishmaniasis remains endemic and affects mostly men found in areas surrounded by woods; its treatment is partially efficient considering its side effects and incidence of recurrences.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus whose current treatment has high cost, highly toxic, and difficult administration, which makes it very important to find alternative natural compounds of high efficiency and low cost. PURPOSE: This study assessed the in vitro effect of caffeic acid (CA) on promastigotes and L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. METHODS: Evaluation of the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of CA against promastigotes and L. amazonensis infected peritoneal macrophages, as well its microbicide mechanisms. RESULTS: CA 12.5-100⯵g/ml were able to inhibit promastigotes proliferation at all tested periods. The IC50, 12.5⯵g/ml, also altered promastigote cell morphology and cell volume accompanied by loss of mitochondrial integrity, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phosphatidylserine exposure, and loss of plasma membrane integrity - characterizing the apoptosis-like process. Moreover, CA reduced the percentage of infected macrophages and the number of amastigotes per macrophages increasing TNF-α, ROS, NO and reducing IL-10 levels as well as iron availability. CONCLUSION: CA showed in vitro antipromastigote and antiamostigote by increasing oxidant and inflammatory response important to eliminate the parasite.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferro/metabolismo , Leishmania/patogenicidade , Leishmania/fisiologia , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/parasitologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatidilserinas/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Describing the general aspects of American tegumentary leishmaniasis enables the identification of the epidemiological scenario of the disease and the development of preventive actions. METHODS: We analyzed the records of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in north Paraná between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS: We identified 108 cases (mostly in 2014) with the following characteristics: male individuals, rural workers, and ages averaging 56.8 years. Isolated ulcerated lesions were predominant, and Glucantime® was the most frequently used drug. CONCLUSIONS: American tegumentary leishmaniasis remains endemic and affects mostly men found in areas surrounded by woods; its treatment is partially efficient considering its side effects and incidence of recurrences.