Neonatal surveillance for congenital Zika infection during the 2016 microcephaly outbreak in Salvador, Brazil: Zika virus detection in asymptomatic newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To identify newborns with congenital Zika infection (CZI) at a maternity hospital in Salvador, Brazil, during the 2016 microcephaly outbreak. METHODS: A prospective study enrolled microcephalic and normocephalic newborns with suspected CZI between January and December 2016. Serology (immunoglobulins IgM and IgG) and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the Zika virus were performed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of newborns with and without microcephaly were compared. RESULTS: Of the 151 newborns enrolled, 32 (21.2%) were classified as microcephalic. The majority of these cases were born between January and May 2016. IgM and IgG Zika virus antibodies were detected in 5 (23.8%) and 17 (80.9%) microcephalic newborn blood samples, respectively. Six (24%) microcephalic newborns tested positive for Zika virus by RT-qPCR in urine or placenta samples. Thirteen (11.8%) normocephalic newborns also tested positive for Zika virus by PCR in urine, plasma, or placenta samples, while IgM antibodies against Zika were detected in 4 (4.2%) others. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of 17 normocephalic CZI cases, confirmed by IgM serology or RT-qPCR for Zika virus, provides evidence that CZI can present asymptomatically at birth. This finding highlights the need for prenatal and neonatal screening for Zika virus in endemic regions.

Reproducibility of positive results for the detection of serum galactomannan by Platelia™ aspergillus EIA.

Galactomannan (GM) was recently included in consensus guidelines as an indirect mycological criterion for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Currently, there is an enzyme immunoassay available to detect GM in biological samples, the Platelia™ Aspergillus EIA. In this study, the reproducibility of positive results obtained using this assay was evaluated using serum samples from neutropenic patients. A trend toward lower values was observed, and 55 %(27/49) of positive results were negative after retesting. A low reproducibility of positive results for the detection of GM in serum was observed.

In vitro acetylcholinesterase activity of peptide derivatives isolated from two species of Leguminosae.

CONTEXT: Cratylia mollis Martius ex Benth. and Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. (Leguminosae) are both endemic Brazilian plants and they are used by the natives as medicinal plants, and the leaves of C. mollis are also employed as forage for cattle during the dry season of region. OBJECTIVE: Isolation of the compounds responsible for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition from the CHCl3 active extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two peptidic compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques from the CHCl3 extract of the leaves of C. mollis and C. macrophyllum. They were identified by spectrometric data analysis (MS and NMR) and they were subjected to AChE inhibition employing Ellman's test. RESULTS: The peptides were identified as N-benzoylphenylalaninoyl-phenlyalaninolacetate (aurentiamide acetate) (1) and N-benzoylphenylalaninyl-N-benzoylphenylalaninate (2). Both peptides 1 and 2 exhibit AChE inhibition, with IC50 values equal to 111.34 µM and 137.6 µM, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Compound 1 (aurentiamide acetate) has rarely been isolated from the Leguminosae family, and N-benzoylphenylalaninyl-N-benzoylphenylalaninate (2) is a compound that has never previously been isolated from this family. Compound 1 is shown to be a potent inhibitor of AChE, with IC50 values similar to the physostigmine control (141.51 µM).

Parâmetros hematológicos e alterações histopatológicas em bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766) com amyloodiniose / Parameters hematological and histopathologic alterations in cobia (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766) com amyloodiniose

O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever os parâmetros hematológicos e as alterações histopatológicas em bijupirás infectados por Amyloodinium ocellatum. Um grupo de 27 peixes foi anestesiado para coleta de amostras de sangue e eutanasiados para coleta de muco e fragmentos de tecido cutâneo e branquial. Foram avaliadas a prevalência e a intensidade parasitária da infecção, assim como os valores de parâmetros hematológicos e alterações histopatológicas. A prevalência parasitária nas brânquias foi de 100% e no muco foi de 80,8% e as intensidades parasitárias médias foram de 683,5 nas brânquias, e 67,1 no muco cutâneo. Os valores médios dos parâmetros hematológicos foram: eritrócitos 4,3x10(6)µL; VG 26%; VGM 64,2fL; proteína plasmática 5,8mg/dL; trombócitos 5,2 x10³/µL e leucócitos 3,6 x10³/µL. Além disso, foram verificadas hiperplasia do epitélio respiratório acompanhada de fusão lamelar, descolamento do epitélio, dilatação do seio venoso, formação de aneurisma, ruptura do epitélio lamelar, hemorragia, necrose, reação inflamatória linfocítica. O parasito foi observado nas lamelas branquiais, o VMA variou do grau discreto ao severo e o IAH foi de 76,8. A pesquisa assume importância por se tratar dos primeiros estudos em Rachycentron canadum, um peixe que se destaca com potencial ao cultivo.

The aim of this study was to describe the hematological parameters and histopathologic alterations in cobia infected by Amyloodinium ocellatum. A group of 27 fish were anesthetized to collect blood samples and euthanatized to collect mucus and tissue fragments of skin and gills. The prevalence and parasitic intensity of the infection, besides hematologic parameters and histopathologic alterations, was measured. Parasite prevalence in the gills was 100% and in the mucus 80.8%, and the average intensity of infection in gills and skin was 683.5 e 67.1 respectively. The mean values of hematological parameters were: erythrocytes 4.3x10(6)μL; PCV 26%, MCV 64.2 fL, plasma protein 5.8mg/dL, thrombocytes 5.2x10³/μL and leukocytes 3.6x10³/μL . Furthermore was found hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium accompanied by lamellar fusion, detachment of the epithelium, venous sinus dilatation, aneurysm formation and rupture of the lamellar epithelium, hemorrhage, necrosis and lymphocytic inflammatory reaction. The parasite was observed between the gills lamellae, the AMV ranged from mild to severe and AHI values were 76.8. The study assumes importance because it is the first study in Rachycentron canadum, a fish that stands out with potential for growing.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection among healthy blood donors in Bahia State, Brazil / Soroprevalência da infecção por citomegalovírus entre doadores de sangue saudáveis no estado da Bahia, Brasil

We aimed at analyzing the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) and to assess particular aspects of the related immunological profile among blood donors in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Immunoassays were performed to detect anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies and the anti-CMV IgG avidity was evaluated. The methodology used was Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) with results being confirmed by chemiluminescence. Reactivity to CMV was compared between genders and age groups. Among the 636 healthy blood donors tested, 428 (67.3 percent) were men and 208 (32.7 percent) were women. The overall seroprevalence of CMV was 87.9 percent; seroprevalence was statistically higher in women (94.7 percent) than in men (84.6 percent - p<0.05). No sample was positive for anti-CMV IgM antibodies. About 4.6 percent of the sample tested showed high titers of anti-CMV IgG; in these cases an IgG avidity assay was performed that showed: low avidity (31 percent), moderate avidity (21 percent), and high avidity (48 percent). The high CMV seroprevalence underscores the importance of using strategies such as leukoreduction and transfusion with CMV-seronegative blood in patients who are at high risk of developing severe CMV infection. The high titers of anti-CMV IgG antibodies and its IgG avidity profile suggest the possibility of viral reactivation or re-infection.

Nós objetivamos analisar a soroprevalência para infecção por citomegalovírus (CMV) e avaliar aspectos particulares do perfil imunológico relacionado em doadores de sangue no estado da Bahia. Foram realizados imunoensaios de detecção de IgG e IgM anti-CMV, bem como avaliação da avidez dos anticorpos IgG anti-CMV. A metodologia utilizada foi o Teste imunoenzimático ELISA, confirmado por quimioluminescência. A reatividade das amostras para a infecção por CMV foi comparada entre gêneros e grupos etários. Entre os 636 doadores testados, 428 (67,3 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 208 (32,7 por cento) do sexo feminino. A soroprevalência geral para CMV observada foi de 87,9 por cento, sendo maior estatisticamente entre as mulheres (94,7 por cento) do que entre os homens (84,6 por cento) (p<0,05). Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para IgM anti-CMV. Cerca de 4,6 por cento das amostras testadas apresentaram IgG anti-CMV em altos títulos, nestes casos foi realizado o imunoensaio de avidez do IgG anti-CMV que evidenciou: baixa avidez (31 por cento), moderada avidez (21 por cento) e alta avidez (48 por cento). A alta soroprevalência encontrada ressalta a importância do uso de estratégias como a leucorredução e a transfusão com hemocomponente CMV-negativo em pacientes com alto risco de desenvolverem infecção severa por CMV. Os altos títulos de IgG anti-CMV e o perfil da avidez dessa IgG sugerem a possibilidade da reativação ou reinfecção.