Validation of analytical method of cannabinoids: Novel approach using turbo-extraction.

The development of simple, efficient, and low-cost analytical methods is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of the main cannabinoids in Cannabis-based products. In this sense, the objectives of this study were to develop and validate an analytical method for obtaining and determining cannabinoids in a pool sample. Two extraction techniques were used, ultrasound and turbo-extraction, and two system-solvents, methanol:chloroform (9:1 v:v) and ethanol. The analytical method used and validated was carried out in High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diodes Array Detector. The cannabidiol standard was characterized by a nuclear magnetic resonance. The use of the proposed method makes it possible to identify cannabinoids, both in the acid form and in the neutral form, in 7 min of analysis. The results confirmed high precision and accuracy. The detection and quantification limits were 0.19 µg/mL and 5 µg/mL, respectively. The method developed proved to be selective and robust for the evaluation of cannabinoids. It is hoped that the methods developed can be used to obtain and analyze cannabinoids, both for medicinal purposes and for forensic analysis.

Color determination method and evaluation of methods for the detection of cannabinoids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

Cannabis sativa is the drug of abuse most cultivated, trafficked, and consumed worldwide. One of several techniques used to detect cannabinoids is based on the thin-layer chromatography (TLC). However, the designation of the colors observed can be inaccurate and not reproducible. The designation of colors goes beyond physical and physiological aspects, because what is conventionally called color is a socio-cultural construction. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the different TLC methods to detection of cannabinoids, and apply standardization method in naming of colors. TLC analysis performed using silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase. Three mobile phase compositions [hexane:chloroform (8:2 v:v), hexane:ethyl ether (8:2 v:v), and chloroform:hexane (8:2 v:v)], as well as, two different solutions of Fast Blue B salt (FBBS, Azoic Diazo No. 48) and Fast Blue RR (FBRR, Azoic Diazo No. 24) were evaluated. Determination of colors names was realized through the Sci-Chromus® software. The best resolution was obtained using hexane:ethyl ether (8:2 v:v) as a mobile phase. It was observed that although the cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabigerol (CBG) were detect using both the FBBS- and FBRR-acidified solutions, the best visualization was achieved using the latter reagent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied and demonstrated a method for standardization and denomination of colors in the TLC analysis of cannabinoids. This method was able to reduce the subjectivity in naming the colors observed and presented several application possibilities.

Hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Hansen's Disease in children under fifteen years-old in Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil

A hanseníase é uma doença de evolução lenta que acomete principalmente a população adulta. A detecção de casos em crianças indica a manutenção da endemia e a precocidade da exposição da população ao bacilo. Este é um estudo ecológico cujo objetivo é analisar a ocorrência da hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no Vale do Jequitinhonha através de indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais. Os resultados apontam para a manutenção da endemia na região, evidenciando uma passividade dos serviços de saúde e a necessidade de implementação de medidas de prevenção e controle específicas para essa faixa etária, a fim de diminuir a transmissão da doença e os eventuais prejuízos que ela pode acarretar à vida do indivíduo, principalmente, ao acometê-lo na infância.

Hansen's disease has a slow evolution, which mostly affects the adult population. Detecting cases in children shows that the endemic continues and there is early exposure of the population to the bacillus. This is an ecological study with the objective of analyzing the occurrence of Hansen's disease in children under fifteen in the Jequitinhonha Valley through epidemiological and operational indicators. The results show that the endemic continues in the region, demonstrating that the health services are not proactive and must implement specific prevention and control measures for this age group in order to reduce the transmission of the disease and the possible damage it can bring to the life of individuals, especially when it affects them in their childhood.

La Lepra es una enfermedad de evolución lenta que acomete principalmente a la población adulta. La detección de casos en niños indica el mantenimiento de la endemia y la precocidad de la exposición de la población al bacilo. Éste es un estudio ecológico cuyo objetivo es analizar la ocurrencia de lepra en menores de 15 años en el Valle del Jequitinhonha a través de indicadores epidemiológicos y operacionales. Los resultados apuntan para el mantenimiento de la endemia en la región, evidenciando una pasividad de los servicios de salud y la necesidad de implementación de medidas de prevención y control específicas para esafaja etaria , a fin de disminuir la transmisión de la enfermedad y los eventuales perjuicios que ella puede acarrearle a la vida del individuo, principalmente, al acometerlo en la infancia.

A consulta de enfermagem como estratégia para a mudança no estilo de vida de pacientes hipertensos / The nursing process as a strategy for changes in the lifestyle of patients with hypertension / Consultas de enfermería como estratégia para cambiar el estilo de vida de los pacientes hipertensos

Neste estudo, o objetivo é relatar a experiência de discentes e docentes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da UFMG, na realização de consultas de enfermagem a pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em um ambulatório público de Belo Horizonte. Neste trabalho, enfatiza-se, principalmente, o tratamento não medicamentoso visando despertar a conscientização desses pacientes sobre a importância e a necessidade de mudança no seu estilo de vida, contribuindo, assim, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida deles.

The objective of this study was to report the experience of students and professors of the School of Nursing of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) on the implementation non-medication treatment of hypertension in a public clinic in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The work was based on the principal of non-medication treatment, informing the patient of the importance and need to change their life styles so as to bring an improvement in their quality of life.

En este estudio se relata la experiencia de alumnos y docentes del curso de Enfermería de la UFMG en las consultas de enfermería a pacientes portadores de hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) de un ambulatorio público de Belo Horizonte. Este trabajo enfoca, sobre todo, el tratamiento no medicamentoso, ya que lo que se busca es que los pacientes tengan conciencia de que es necesario cambiar el estilo de vida para, a su vez, mejorar su propia calidad de vida.

[Hansen's disease in children under fifteen years-old in Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / Hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Hansen's disease has a slow evolution, which mostly affects the adult population. Detecting cases in children shows that the endemic continues and there is early exposure of the population to the bacillus. This is an ecological study with the objective of analyzing the occurrence of Hansen's disease in children under fifteen in the Jequitinhonha Valley through epidemiological and operational indicators. The results show that the endemic continues in the region, demonstrating that the health services are not proactive and must implement specific prevention and control measures for this age group in order to reduce the transmission of the disease and the possible damage it can bring to the life of individuals, especially when it affects them in their childhood.