The novel HLA class I allele HLA-C*07:02:81 differs from HLA-C*07:02:01:01 by a synonymous mutation.

HLA-C*07:02:81 differs from HLA-C*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 465 (C→A) in exon 3.

The novel HLA-A*24:393 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Taiwanese individual.

HLA-A*24:393 differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 376 (G → A) in exon 3.

Discovery of the novel HLA-C*01:143N allele, a variant of HLA-C*01:02:01:01, in a Taiwanese individual.

HLA-C*01:143N differs from HLA-C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 585 (C → A) in exon 3.

The novel HLA-A*02:672Q allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Taiwanese individual.

HLA-A*02:672Q differs from HLA-A*02:06:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 563 (G → A) in exon 3.

Identification of the novel HLA-C*07:446 allele in a volunteer bone marrow donor.

HLA-C*07:446 differs from HLA-C*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 809 (C → T) in exon 4.

Characterization of the novel HLA-C*03:294 allele by sequencing-based typing in a Taiwanese individual.

HLA-C*03:294 differs from HLA-C*03:04:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 727 (T → C) in exon 4.

[Responses of Different Degradation Stages of Alpine Wetland on Soil Microbial Community in the Yellow River Source Zone].

MiSeq sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community diversity of soil in alpine wetlands to understand the degradation processes and environmental factors in these areas. The results showed that the severity of soil degradation changed the species diversity of soil microorganisms at the level of OTUs, and grass patches contained more species than frozen-thawing patches. The soil fungi species of OTUs changed significantly. The diversity indexes of bacteria (between the frozen-thawing patches and the grass patches) were higher than that of fungi. The dominant microbial species were consistent among different degradation stages. The dominant species of bacteria and fungi were Proteobacteria and RB41, and Ascomycota and Mortierella, respectively. The abundance of dominant microorganisms was significantly between un-degraded and heavily degraded areas, except for RB41 (P<0.05). The dominant microorganisms in the grass patches were more sensitive than those in the frozen-thawing patches. It was found that the main factors affecting the microbial community structure of soil were water content, organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and sedge coverage. Microbial diversity may decrease in heavily degraded alpine wetlands. Thus, the frozen-thawing patches and sedge species should be first protected, and the supplements of soil water content, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen should be strengthened for alpine wetland restoration.

HLA-DQB1*05:02:12, an HLA-DQB1*05:02:01:01 variant, identified in a Taiwanese individual.

HLA-DQB1*05:02:12 differs from HLA-DQB1*05:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 351 (G>A) in exon 2.

Enthesitis-related arthritis is the most common category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Taiwan and presents persistent active disease.

BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been categorized into seven different categories according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) was found to represent the largest category in a Taiwanese cohort study. The aim in this study was to compare the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of ERA in a single tertiary center in Taiwan, as compared to those of other categories of JIA. Furthermore, we determined patients' characteristics and risk factors that can help assess the outcomes in ERA. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients with JIA referred to a pediatric rheumatology clinic in the National Taiwan University Hospital between 1993 and 2018 were identified according to ILAR criteria. Outcomes were assessed based on the Wallace criteria to categorize patients into active and non-active, including inactive, remission on medication, and remission off medication, groups. A subset of samples was further tested by DNA sequencing to identify HLA-B27 subtypes. RESULTS: One-hundred and eighty-three patients were included in the study, with a mean of 8 years' follow-up. ERA was the single largest category of JIA (39.9%); psoriasis and undifferentiated JIA were both the least common type (0.5%). ERA was male predominant (86%), had a late age of onset (11.0 ± 3.2 years), and the majority of ERA patients was HLA-B27-positive (97%). Of 25 HLA-B27-positive ERA patients checked by HLA-B27 sequencing, 23 were B*27:04 and 2 were B*27:05. ERA patients were significantly less likely to achieve non-active status compared to patients with persistent oligoarthritis (P = 0.036). In terms of treatment response to TNF-α inhibitors in methotrexate-refractory ERA, 26 patients remained active and only 11 patients (30%) achieved a non-active status. Sacroiliitis was a risk factor contributing to poorer treatment response in ERA (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: ERA represented the most common category of JIA in Taiwan. Those ERA patients with sacroiliitis were likely to have persistent active disease and may require a more aggressive treatment strategy to improve their outcomes.

Association of Parenteral Anticoagulation Therapy With Outcomes in Chinese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Importance: The association of parenteral anticoagulation therapy with improved outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome was previously established. This benefit has not been evaluated in the era of dual antiplatelet therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention. Objective: To evaluate the association between parenteral anticoagulation therapy and clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included 8197 adults who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014, at 5 medical centers in China. Patients receiving parenteral anticoagulation therapy only after percutaneous coronary intervention were excluded. Exposures: Parenteral anticoagulation therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause death and in-hospital major bleeding as defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definition (grades 3-5). Results: Of 6804 patients who met the final criteria, 5104 (75.0%) were male, with a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (10.4) years. The incidence of in-hospital death was not significantly different between the patients who received and did not receive parenteral anticoagulation therapy (0.3% vs 0.1%; P = .13) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.38-4.27; P = .70). A similar result was found for myocardial infarction (0.3% vs 0.3%; P = .82) (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.29-2.07; P = .61). In-hospital major bleeding was more frequent in the parenteral anticoagulation group (2.5% vs 1.0%; P < .001) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.24-3.03; P = .004). At a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 2.96 years (1.93-4.46 years), all-cause death was not significantly different between the 2 groups (adjusted hazards ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07; P = .19), but the incidence of major bleeding was higher in the parenteral anticoagulation group (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.02; P = .04). The propensity score analysis confirmed these primary analyses. Conclusions and Relevance: In the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, parenteral anticoagulation therapy was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause death or myocardial infarction but was significantly associated with a higher risk of major bleeding. These findings raise important safety questions about the current practice of routine parenteral anticoagulation therapy while we await randomized trials of this practice.

Detection of a novel HLA-B*46:01 variant, HLA-B*46:01:19, in a Taiwanese individual.

One nucleotide replacement at residue 369 of HLA-B*46:01:01 results in a new allele, HLA-B*46:01:19.

Right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing versus apical pacing: A prospective, randomized, single-blind 5-years follow-up study of ventricular lead performance and safety.

Lead placement for ventricular pacing variably impacts the physiological benefit of the patient. This study evaluated the ventricular lead performance and safety of right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing in patients with bradyarrhythmia in South China over 60-month follow-up. Totally, 192 patients (108 males, and 84 females, 63±21 years old) with bradyarrhythmia were randomly divided into two groups. The right ventricular outflow tract septum (RVOTs) group had lead placement near the septum (n=97), while the right ventricular apex (RVA) group had a traditional apical placement (n=95). RV septal lead positioning was achieved with a specialized stylet and confirmed using fluoroscopic projection. All patients were followed up for 60 months. Follow-up assessment included stimulation threshold, R-wave sensing, lead impedance and lead complications. The time of electrode implantation in both the ROVTs and RVA groups were significantly different (4.29±0.61 vs. 2.16±0.22 min; P=0.009). No differences were identified in threshold, impedance or R-wave sensing between the two groups at 1st, 12th, 36th and 60th month during the follow-up period. No occurrence of electrode displacement, increased pacing threshold or inadequate sensing was found. The long-term active fixation ventricular electrode performance in RVOTs group was similar to that in RVA group. RVOTs pacing near the septum using active fixation electrodes may provide stability during long-term follow-up period.

Relationship between HLA-DRB1 polymorphism and susceptibility or resistance to multiple sclerosis in Caucasians: a meta-analysis of non-family-based studies.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the contribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles to susceptibility or resistance to multiple sclerosis (MS) in Caucasians through a meta-analysis of non-family-based studies. METHODS: A systematic review of case-control studies in Caucasians was performed. Studies examining allele or phenotype frequencies were analyzed separately. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. We also used the relatively predispositional effect (RPE) method to analyze several allele frequency studies to avoid skewed results due to some strongly associated alleles. RESULTS: A total of 5464 cases and 7809 controls from 14 allele frequency studies and a total of 5401 cases and 7538 controls from 23 phenotype frequency studies were analyzed. DRB1*15 was definitely the strongest risk factor for MS (allele group, Pc<0.00013, OR 2.59, 95%CI 2.34-2.87; phenotype group, Pc<0.00013, OR 3.35, 95%CI 2.95-3.80). DRB1*03 frequencies were significantly increased among MS cases in the phenotype group (Pc= 0.0013, OR 1.21, 95%CI 1.09-1.33) but not in the allele group. DRB1*14 and DRB1*07 showed protective effects against MS in both groups (DRB1*14, allele group, Pc<0.00013, OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.42-0.66; phenotype group, Pc<0.00013, OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.45-0.71; DRB1*07, allele group, Pc<0.0026, OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.64-0.87; phenotype group, Pc<0.00013, OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.61-0.73). By RPE method, DRB1*14, and DRB1*07 showed protective effects after excluding DRB1*15 from the analysis. DRB1*03 was significantly higher in MS cases than controls after removing both DRB1*15 and DRB1*14. CONCLUSIONS: In Caucasians, we highlighted the definite protective role of HLA-DRB1*14 and DRB1*07 for MS. DRB1*03 is probably the only risk factor for MS besides DRB1*15 and a common genetic foundation for autoimmune disease. Targeting to these alleles may have potential values in prevention or therapy for MS in the specific population.

Minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 and HA-2 polymorphisms in Taiwan: frequency and application in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Minor histocompatibility antigens influence the occurrence of graft-vs.-host disease and graft-vs.-leukemia effects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We determined the population frequencies of HA-1 and HA-2 alleles in Taiwan and exploited their potential applications in allogeneic HSCT. METHODS: HA-1 and HA-2 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in healthy controls (221 for HA-1 and 306 for HA-2) and HLA-matched donor-recipient sibling pairs with HSCT (92 for HA-1 and 38 for HA-2). The association of genetic polymorphisms with HSCT outcome was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The allele frequencies in controls were 35.3% and 64.7% for HA-1(H) and HA-1(R), and 89.0% and 11.0% for HA-2(V) and HA-2(M), respectively. HA-1 disparity was denoted in 16.3% of HLA-matched donor-recipient sibling pairs, while it was not associated with HSCT outcome. HA-2 disparity was not observed in the donor-recipient pairs studied. The possibilities of using HA-1 and HA-2 variabilities as molecular markers for hematopoietic chimerism after HSCT were 39.2% and 18.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide the information on allele and genotype frequencies of HA-1 and HA-2 in a Taiwanese population, and suggest that prospective genomic typing for HA-1 and HA-2 alleles of the donor and recipient could be a useful approach for molecular identification of hematopoietic chimerism after HSCT, rather than prognosis of clinical outcome.

[Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on cardiac function post A-V and V-V optimization].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of A-V, V-V delay optimization on cardiac function and clinical improvement in patients with refractory heart failure underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHOD: Thirty-two patients with chronic heart failure received CRT and cardiac function was measured at 7 days, 3 months and 6 months post CRT before and after A-V and V-V delay optimizations. RESULTS: A-V delay optimization was initiated in 28, 10 and 6 cases at 7th day, 3rd month and 6th month after CRT. V-V delay optimization was performed in 29, 6 and 5 cases at 7th day, 3rd month and 6th month after CRT. Ts-SD, LVEF, VTI and E/Em were significantly improved after CRT compared to pre-CRT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05; respectively). Compared to pre-optimization, the indexes of ventricular synchronization were significantly improved (P < 0.05) while indexes of cardiac function remained unchanged post optimization at 7th day after CRT. The indexes of ventricular synchronization post optimization were similar at 7th, 3rd and 6th months after CRT (P > 0.05). LVEF and diastolic filling time were significantly increased after 6 months CRT post A-V, V-V delay optimization (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: A-V, V-V delay optimization at 7th day after CRT can significantly improve ventricular synchronization and is associated with further improved cardiac function 6 months after CRT.

[Influence of tetrasulfo-substituents on the UV/Vis absorption spectra of phthalocyanine doped sol-gel hybrid].

Nickle phthalocyanine(NiPc) and Nickle tetrasulfo-phthalocyanine (NiTSPc) were introduced respectively into silica gel matrix by sol-gel technique. Composites were produced and their UV/Vis spectra were measured. The results show that the introduction of soluble tetrasulfo-substituents can greatly increase the solubility of phthalocyanine molecule, which is helpful for the steady co-existence of phthalocyanine in sol-gel hybrid and therefore beneficial to the production of homogeneous composite.